Angiogenesis in gliomas.

Brain gliomas are characterized by invasive growth and neovascularisation potential. Angiogenesis plays a major role in the progression of gliomas and its determination has a great prognostic value. The aim of the study was to assess the vascularisation of chosen brain gliomas and to estimate how it is correlated with tumour histological type, malignancy grade, location and size, and with age and sex of patients. Tumour vascularisation analysis was based on the determination of microvascular proliferation (MVP) and microvessel density (MVD). Microvascular proliferation was measured with immunohistochemical methods using mouse monoclonal antibodies to detect cell proliferation antigens. The following antibodies were used Ki-67 and PCNA (DAKO). Identification of vessels was performed by CD31 antibody and anti-human von Willebrand factor (DAKO). The highest microvascular proliferation and microvascular density were observed in multiform glioblastomas and the lowest in oligodendrogliomas. Significant correlation was observed between the vascularisation and malignancy grade

Macro-microscopic Fluorescence Imaging of Human NPC Xenografts in a Murine Model Using Topical vs. Intravenous Administration of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid

The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid to induce endogenous porphyrins for the purpose of detection of epithelial cancers is being studied extensively in many centres around the world. The challenge is to prepare an efficacious formulation of 5-ALA for the purpose of cancer detection. In this study, we compared two formulations of topical 5-ALA applications with intravenous administration in NPC/CNE-2 xenografts on balb/c nude mice. One of the formulations was a gantrez muco-adhesive patch and the other was a polyvinyl-pyrolidone muco-adhesive patch. The Karl Storz fluorescence endoscopy system was used to obtain macroscopic fluorescence images. Microscopic fluorescence imaging was done by laser confocal microscopy. The macroscopic images were further analysed for fluorescence intensity distribution. It was found that between the two formulations of topical application of 5-ALA; there was very little difference in the fluorescence biodistribution. When the topical applications were compared with the intravenous administration, the tumour to normal differential in biodistribution was significantly higher with the topical application compared to the intravenous application

A Study of 5-aminolevulinic Acid and its Methyl Ester Used in In vitro and In vivo Systems of Human Bladder Cancer

The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its esters to induce endogenous porphyrins for the purpose of detection of epithelial cancers is being studied extensively in many centres around the world. The challenge is to prepare an efficacious formulation for the purpose of cancer detection. Photodynamic diagnosis of cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester derivatives is being actively investigated. In this study, we compared ALA with ALA methyl ester (AME) derivative in terms of PpIX fluorescence intensity in in vitro and in vivo systems of bladder carcinoma. For the in vivo system consisting of RT112 xenografts, the modes of drug administration compared were intravenous administration and topical application. The Karl Storz fluorescence endoscopy system was used to obtain macroscopic fluorescence images. The macroscopic images were further analysed for fluorescence intensity distribution. For the intravenous administration, over all time points studied (1, 3, 6 h), AME-PpIX fluorescence was lower than ALA-PpIX fluorescence and was cleared at a faster rate than the ALA-PpIX when administered intravenously. Topical application with two different polymers, Gantrez and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) which are fast releasing polymers was found to be comparable in inducing PpIX fluorescence. Topical AME-PpIX fluorescence was found to be comparable with ALA-PpIX fluorescence. The results of this study suggest that the AME can also be used as a good diagnostic agent

Морфологическая и экологическая гетерогенность в комплексе Macrosiphum gei Koch, 1855 (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Aphididae)

При изучении вида Macrosiphum gei установлено, что гравилaтовая тля (М. gei), обитающая в Беларуси, представляет собой гетерогенную группу, различающуюся как по морфологическим nризнакам, так: и по растениям­хозяевам. Тли, питающиеся на разных растениях из чиcла заселяемых тлей этого вида, имеют выраженные различия в значениях морфометpических индексов и распадаются на группы, вне которых не способны к пepeкpeстным пepexoдам с одного растения-хозяина на другое. Указанные факты позволяют поставить вопрос о разделении вида М. gei минимум на два самостоятельных вида или подвид

A survey of geographical information systems applications for the Earth Science and Applications Division, Space Sciences Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center

The purpose of this document is to introduce Geographical Information System (GIS) terminology and summarize interviews conducted with scientists in the Earth Science and Applications Division (ESAD). There is a growing need in ESAD for GIS technology. With many different data sources available to the scientists comes the need to be able to process and view these data in an efficient manner. Since most of these data are stored in vastly different formats, specialized software and hardware are needed. Several ESAD scientists have been using a GIS, specifically the Man-computer Interactive Data Access System (MCIDAS). MCIDAS can solve many of the research problems that arise, but there are areas of research that need more powerful tools; one such example is the multispectral image analysis which is described in this document. Given the strong need for GIS in ESAD, we recommend that a requirements analysis and implementation plan be developed using this document as a basis for further investigation

Modelagem de terreno utilizando sistemas fotogramétricos

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.O processo tecnológico, associado a engenharia torna-se cada dia mais avançado. Em todos os eventos científicos sempre há um enfoque nas aplicações da tecnologia moderna à engenharia, seja ela qual for. Não diferente a essa situação encontra-se a engenharia cartográfica. Com o avanço tecnológico a cartografia digital toma espaço e ganha credibilidade dia-a-dia na sociedade. Especial atenção deve ser dada à geração da cartografia tridimensional, pelo simples fato de ser uma representação mais sofisticada da superfície terrestre e que deve retratar na íntegra a situação real do terreno. Vinculado a esta temática, o trabalho confronta a tecnologia consagrada - cartografia analítica com a nova tecnologia - cartografia digital, na geração de produtos cartográficos de qualidade planialtimétrica. Além disso, aplica a geoestatística e avalia a qualidade dos produtos cartográficos altimétricos, gerados através da cartografia analítica e digital para o Município de São José dos Pinhais - Paraná. Obtendo-se os resultados da qualidade geométrica tridimensional dos produtos cartográficos analisa-se o uso no cadastro técnico multifinalitário urbano e consequentemente no planejamento urbano