New perspectives on the supernova remnant Puppis A based on a radio polarization study

We present a polarization study towards the supernova remnant (SNR) Puppis A based on original observations performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Based on the analysis of a feature detected outside the SNR shell (called 'the tail' throughout the paper), it was possible to disentangle the emission with origin in Puppis A itself from that coming from the foreground Vela SNR. We found a very low polarization fraction, of about 3 per cent on average. The upper limit of the magnetic field component parallel to the line of sight is estimated to be B ~ 20 μG. The statistical behaviour of the magnetic vectors shows two preferential directions, almost perpendicular to each other, which are approximately aligned with the flat edges of Puppis A. A third, narrow peak oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane suggests the existence of an interstellar magnetic field locally aligned in this direction. There is evidence that the magnetic vectors along the shell are aligned with the shock front direction. The low polarization fraction and the statistical behaviour of the magnetic vectors are compatible with a scenario where the SNR evolves inside a stellar wind bubble with a box-like morphology, produced by the interaction of the different stellar winds, one of them magnetized, launched by the SN progenitor. This scenario can furthermore explain the morphology of Puppis A, rendering little support to the previously accepted picture which involved strong density gradients to explain the flat, eastern edge of the shell.Fil: Reynoso, Estela Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Velázquez, P. F.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares; MéxicoFil: Cichowolski, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentin

Cost-Effectiveness of an Intervention to Reduce HIV/STI Incidence and Promote Condom Use among Female Sex Workers in the Mexico–US Border Region

Previous research demonstrated efficacy of a brief behavioral intervention to reduce incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, cities on Mexico's border with the US. We assessed this intervention's cost-effectiveness.A life-time Markov model was developed to estimate HIV cases prevented, changes in quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and costs per additional quality-adjusted life year gained (QALY), comparing (in US$2,009) no intervention to a once-only and annual intervention. Future costs and health benefits were discounted annually at 3$183. For FSWs receiving the intervention annually, there were 29 additional HIV cases prevented and 4.5 additional months of QALE compared to the once-only intervention. The additional cost per QALY was US$1,075. When highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was included in the model, the annual intervention strategy resulted in net savings and dominated both once-only and no intervention strategies, and remained robust across extensive sensitivity analyses. Even when considering clinical benefits from HAART, ignoring added costs, the cost per QALY gained remained below three times the Mexican GDP per capita, and below established cost-effectiveness thresholds.This brief intervention was shown to be cost-effective among FSWs in two Mexico-US border cities and may have application for FSWs in other resource-limited settings.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00338845

The Water Utilities of Ciudad Juarez (JMAS), Chihuahua, Mexico: Water Management and the Modality of Decentralization

The last decades in Mexico have been marked by decentralization to the municipal level of water services. Questions arise relating to the best modality of municipal integration to the water administration systems and their services. Also questions come up involving the limitations and potential contributions of the municipal participation in the basin management. The present work has the objective to respond to these problems and to open a discussion about them. The study is based on a theoretical and empirical bibliographical revision on the participation of the local and state governments in water planning and management. The information stems from the updating of the Master Plan of Drinking Water and Sewer System of the JMAS, and from the national, state, and local press

Viajemos Seguras and Mejoramiento Barrial: Institutionalizing the fight against gender-based violence in Mexico City’s public realm

Gender- based violence in the public realm is an issue found in multiple nations which threatens societal development. With growing pressures to create more inclusive and equitable communities, countries and cities have begun to take concrete steps towards fighting violence against women. This master thesis analyzes the programmatic approach taken by the Mexico City government to fight gender based violence in the public realm. Particularly, it looked at how through the use of two programs, Viajemos Seguras and Programa Comunitario de Mejoramiento Barrial, the local officials have attempted to create safe experiences for female users. These programs relied on physical interventions such as women only subway cars and buses, reporting modules, installation of lighting and clearing obstacles and vegetation to create safer environments. Using user-based interviews and surveys, this thesis identified measures in which these two programs have been successful at increasing perceived safety. While the respondents recognized the temporality of these solutions, and the need to attack the societal roles and tendencies such as the Mexican machismo, the female users did feel more comfortable using the services provided through the programs. In the end, despite the long road ahead the Mexico City government’s intentions and interventions are headed in the right direction

Digital and Mobile Security for Mexican Journalists and Bloggers

A new survey of 102 journalists and bloggers in 20 Mexican states shows nearly 70 percent have been threatened or have suffered attacks because of their work. In addition, 96 percent say they know of colleagues who have been attacked. Respondents to the survey also say they view cyber-espionage and email-account cracking as the most serious digital risks they face. And while nearly all have access to and rely on the Internet, social networks, mobile phones and blogging platforms for their work, they also admit that they have little or no command of digital security tools such as encryption, use of virtual private networks (VPNs), anonymous Internet navigation and secure file removal. The results of this survey show the urgent need to introduce Mexican journalists and bloggers to new technologies and protocols and help newsrooms develop a culture of digital-security awareness to counter increasingly sophisticated threats and attacks from both governmental agencies and criminal organizations

NACCS 33rd Annual Conference

Linking Local and Global Struggles for Social Justice: Transnational Chicana and Chicano StudiseJune 28-July 2006Hotel Fénix and Hotel Moraleshttps://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/naccs_programs/1023/thumbnail.jp

Genetics and biology of Anastrepha fraterculus: Research supporting the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control this pest in Argentina

Two species of true fruit flies (taxonomic family Tephritidae) are considered pests of fruit and vegetable production in Argentina: the cosmopolitan Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) and the new world South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann). The distribution of these two species in Argentina overlaps north of the capital, Buenos Aires. Regarding the control of these two pests, the varied geographical fruit producing regions in Argentina are in different fly control situations. One part is under a programme using the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the eradication of C. capitata, because A. fraterculus is not present in this area. The application of the SIT to control C. capitata north of the present line with the possibility of A. fraterculus occupying the niche left vacant by C. capitata becomes a cause of much concern. Only initial steps have been taken to investigate the genetics and biology of A. fraterculus. Consequently, only fragmentary information has been recorded in the literature regarding the use of SIT to control this species. For these reasons, the research to develop a SIT protocol to control A. fraterculus is greatly needed. In recent years, research groups have been building a network in Argentina in order to address particular aspects of the development of the SIT for Anastrepha fraterculus. The problems being addressed by these groups include improvement of artificial diets, facilitation of insect mass rearing, radiation doses and conditions for insect sterilisation, basic knowledge supporting the development of males-only strains, reduction of male maturation time to facilitate releases, identification and isolation of chemical communication signals, and a good deal of population genetic studies. This paper is the product of a concerted effort to gather all this knowledge scattered in numerous and often hard-toaccess reports and papers and summarize their basic conclusions in a single publication.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Vilardi, Juan Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Genética de Población Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Juri, Marianela Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Genética de Población Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Paulin, Laura Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Genética de Población Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Giardini, M. Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Cendra, Paula Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Genética de Población Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin