Human Security and Human Rights in Indonesia: Human Trafficking Issue in East Nusa Tenggara

The main focus of the human security concept is understanding the security in the broad dimension that is concerned to socio-economic, health and environmental conditions which threaten the physical security of individual. Human rights, the human basic values, ​​has been regulated in International law. Human trafficking is a basic issue of both concepts. Human trafficking has violated and flattened the values ​​of human security concepts as well as human rights that have become a common precept. On the issue of human trafficking, human security and human rights are phenomena which prove that human existence becomes the main concern of the completion. This paper is a qualitative method, explaining the issue by literature review and interview as well as research refers to various national and International instruments relating to human trafficking. This study argued that in Indonesia, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara, it is vulnerable to human trafficking practices that have an impact on individual insecurity and human rights violations.The rise of human trafficking cases proves that the existence of individual security needs to be considered. East Nusa Tenggara is one of the most vulnerable areas of human trafficking in Indonesia, this mainly due to the economic, educational and other sectors. Financial needs that became the main thing in life in the community became their main cause trapped in the case of human trafficking. In addition, the lack of public understanding about human trafficking is the reason to become victims. The role of the government as an obliging and responsible actor to protect the citizens is not significant, one of which socialization to various regions of human trafficking has not been maximal, which is only done at the government level. Furthermore, the response to the victimized community has not been maximally handling

Etika: Keamanan Berpolitik dan Ber-New Media

The improvement of security in politics and new media calls for fast action. Recent cases indicate that political position and rights to communication using new media cannot be guaranteed due to the problem of security. The reasons rest on the way the people get into politics and the aims they use new media. The following article explores how ethics may solve the problem of security, starting from ethics in democracy, politics, and new media, the causes of ethics violations, and attitudes for coping with security problems

Thinking about engaging North Korea: A study on the framing of the U.S. human rights public discourse in the Washington Post and New York Times between 2001 and 2017

North Korea said in January 2019 that it was exploring ways to engage the human rights issue. This was a much welcomed announcement because the issue must be addressed in order for the two countries to reach a formal, comprehensive peace agreement and the lifting or easing of unilateral sanctions. This study utilizes framing as an analytical tool to examine how the North Korean human rights discourse is framed in the United States for the purpose of identifying the salient rights‐based issues covered in two traditional media outlets, namely, the Washington Post and New York Times. Next, it reframes the discourse using a coding schema based on the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses. A reframing of the discourse highlights how the universalist–particularist debate in the traditional rights‐based literature masks the underlying issues of the rights problem. A combination of the traditional rights‐based discourse and the masking of the issues contributes to a disconnect in the way in which North Korea has been engaged in the past. Therefore, a reframing of the discourse using the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses could open new pathways for engagement

Media freedom in Melanesia: the challenges of researching the impact of national security legislation

Commentary: In a global context of national security anxiety, governments across the world are passing an increasing number of laws in response to terror-related threats. Often, national security laws undermine media freedom and infringe on democratic principles and basic human rights. Threats to media freedom and abuse of journalists are also increasing in Melanesia. This commentary argues that in a regional context of repetitive political coups, failures in governance, high levels of corruption, insurrections, or even media crises, the tensions between national security legislation and media freedom need to be examined cautiously. The authors suggest that strong methodological and theoretical frameworks that allow for serious consideration of cultural practices and protocols will be necessary to conduct research examining these tensions in Melanesia

SATISFACTION OF THE JOURNALISTS WITH INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL RIGHTS IN AFGHAN PRIVATE BROADCAST MEDIA

This study delves into the satisfaction of journalists with intra-organizational rights in Afghan private broadcast media. The aim is to explore the extent to which journalists in the Afghan private media sector are satisfied with the rights and privileges provided within their organizations. The research examines the impact of these rights on journalists' overall job satisfaction and ability to fulfill their professional responsibilities effectively. Considering the challenging media landscape in Afghanistan, where journalists operate in a volatile environment, understanding their satisfaction with intra-organizational rights becomes crucial. This study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the multifaceted factors influencing journalists' satisfaction, including but not limited to editorial independence, freedom of expression, access to information, fair remuneration, job security, and opportunities for professional growth. The quantitative research method was utilized to achieve a comprehensive analysis. A structured survey is administered to a representative sample of journalists to gather quantitative data and measure satisfaction levels quantitatively. The result of this study will shed light on the overall satisfaction levels of journalists with intra-organizational rights in Afghan private broadcast media. The results provided valuable insights for media organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders to identify areas of improvement and develop strategies to enhance journalists' satisfaction, which, in turn, can positively affect their productivity, professional development, and the quality of media content produced. This research contributes to the existing literature by specifically focusing on the satisfaction of journalists with intra-organizational rights in the Afghan private media sector

Effect Of Digital Diplomacy In International Relations: Lessons For Sri Lanka To Mitigate Negative Coverage Of Security And Human Rights Situations After 2009

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the reasons for Sri Lanka’s low adoption of DD to mitigate the dissemination of fake news regarding the security and human rights situation on social media by pro-LTTE Tamil Diaspora groups and NSAs and to analyze how the use of DD can be improved to effectively mitigate dissemination of fake news regarding the security and human rights situation on social media by pro-LTTE Tamil diaspora groups and NSAs. The research method adopted was qualitative, while the research design adopted was a case study design. In this case study, Findings from the study revealed that low adoption of DD to mitigate the dissemination of fake news regarding the security and human right situation in the country on social media by pro-LTTE Tamil diaspora groups and NSAs sympathetic to the Tamil cause is due to financial, employment-related, policy-related, and political reasons. Further, findings from the study indicate that DD in Sri Lanka can be improved in several ways to mitigate the fake news disseminated regarding the security and human rights situation in the country by pro-LTTE Tamil diaspora groups and NSAs on social media. These strategies include rolling out DD in stages across the Foreign Ministry network, implementing a change management program to overcome employee resistance to the adoption of DD, providing employees extensive DD training, implementing a standardized DD policy in the Foreign Ministry, and conducting awareness campaigns to educate political leaders on the advantages of DD over traditional diplomacy in protecting and enhancing the image and reputation of the country

War Spin: How U.S. Politicians, the President and the Media Frame Foreign Intervention

In this research, I seek to explain how three different foreign policy actors, the President, key Senators, and the media frame intervention policy when determining if intervention is used for human rights versus U.S. interests. I will be looking at four different areas of turmoil (Bosnia (1992-1995), Rwanda (1994), Syria (2011-present) and Iraq (2003-2011)) to see if the Presidents, Senators, and the media framed their intervention around human rights atrocities being committed, or if they framed it around a national security dilemma

Online Security in the Middle East and North Africa: A Survey of Perceptions, Knowledge, and Practice

Digital communication has become a more perilous activity, particularly for activists, political dissidents, and independent media. The recent surge in digital activism that has helped to shape the Arab spring has been met with stiff resistance by governments in the region intent on reducing the impact of digital organizing and independent media. No longer content with Internet filtering, many governments in the Middle East and around the world are using a variety of technological and offline strategies to go after online media and digital activists. In Tunisia, before and during the January 2011 protest movement that led to a change in government there, Internet service providers were apparently logging usernames and passwords to hack into and dismantle online organizing and information sharing among protesters. In early June 2011, Google reported a phishing attack targeted at military and human rights activists to gain access to their Gmail accounts. In Syria, a well organized effort known as the Syrian Electronic Army has been carrying out attacks to disable and compromise web sites that are critical of the Syrian regime. These stories are only a few selected from the set that have become public, and an unknown number of attacks go unnoticed and unreported. Many of these attacks are impossible to attribute to specific actors and may involve a mix of private sector and governmental actors, blurring the lines between cyber attacks and government surveillance. In such an environment, maintaining online security is a growing challenge.In this report we describe the results of a survey of 98 bloggers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) carried out in May 2011 in order to study bloggers' perceptions of online risk and the actions they take to address digital communications security, including both Internet and cell phone use. The survey was implemented in the wake of the Arab spring and documents a proliferation of online security problems among the respondents. In the survey, we address the respondents' perceptions of online risk, their knowledge of digital security practices, and their reported online security practices. The survey results indicate that there is much room for improving online security practices, even among this sample of respondents who are likely to have relatively high technical knowledge and experience

Migration and health – an issue dominated by human rights or security? A discourse analysis of the World Health Organization and Swedish media

The health effects of migration receive increased attention in Sweden and internationally, and involves both the effects on the health of migrants and the society. The field encompasses issues such as how migrants’ health is affected by the hazardous journey, if the health needs differ from the host population and if migration have any consequences for public health in the recipient country. These issues represent two different perspectives on health – health as a human right and health as security issue. This thesis has investigated which of these perspectives dominate the debate regarding migrants’ health in the World Health Organization as well as in Swedish media and what the implications are of the two approaches. The method Critical Discourse Analysis has been used to study official documents from WHO and editorials and debate articles in Swedish media regarding health screening of migrants. The theoretical framework is constituted by human rights, securitization theory and global health security. The findings are that human rights dominate within WHO while the security perspective dominates in Swedish media, which frames migrants as carriers of diseases potentially threatening the host population