The Impact of Privatisation on the Efficiency of Train Operation in Britain

Twenty-five train operating companies (TOCs) were created between 1994-1997, as part of the restructuring process of the railway industry in Great Britain. The TOCs operate monopoly franchises for the provision of passenger rail services over certain routes - some of which continue to receive government subsidies. This paper investigates how the efficiency of these train operating companies evolved prior to the October 2000 Hatfield crash (which caused significant disruption to the network) using data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Our data allows us to look at the relative efficiency and productivity through the privatisation, to control the efficiency scores for environmental data and to correlate these results with safety and quality indicators. The analysis sheds some light on the successes and failures of the UK’s most controversial privatisation to date.Railways, Comparative Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Stochastic Frontier Analyisis, Malmquist Productivity Index, Train Operating Companies, Privatisation

Borsa Istanbul banka endeksine kote isletmelerin finansal performanslarinin veri zarflama analizi ve Malmquist endeksine gore degerlendirilmesi

In order to compare the performances of the banks listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange Banks Index; efficiency values of the banks selected from the mentioned index are calculated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on their financial ratios for each year of 2010- 2013 period. The estimated efficiency rates are compared amongst themselves as a result of the analyses applied. Additionally; the efficiency changes of the banks in each term is calculated via Malmquist Index to determine the improvement or decline in the course of time.peer-reviewe

Productivity change in Italian airports

This paper examines the total factor productivity of 28 Italian airports during 2000–2006 using non-parametric estimation methods. Moreover, non-parametric inference and hypothesis test on the Malmquist index and its two main components, efficiency and technological change, have been carried out. All the airports have been characterized by technological regress and only a minority of airports experienced an increase in productivity lead by the improvement of efficiency.Airport efficiency; bootstrap; Malmquist index; DEA

Firm Size, Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Chinese Industry

Since the mid-1990s, China’s state leadership has adopted a policy of nurturing the competitiveness of large state-owned industrial enterprises. The implications of this policy have been a matter of debate in the literature. This paper seeks to provide some useful input into the debate. With a view of investigating into the potential of long-term development of large enterprises, we estimate the “sequential production technology” in computing the Malmquist productivity index for various size-groups of enterprises in Chinese industry. Our findings indicate that large enterprises did register the fastest productivity growth and improvement in technical efficiency in the 1994-97 period. It thus appears that large-scale, mainly state-owned Chinese enterprises have exhibited the potential of making noticeable improvements and the relevant state policy does have its justification

Long Run Properties of Technical Efficiency in the U.S. Airline Industry

This paper takes an innovative approach to test the relationship between technical efficiency and the market structure hypothesis which states that competitive pressure enhances relative efficiency. DEA and FDH time series of technical efficiency scores, for a panel of 11 US airlines observed quarterly during 1970-1990, are examined for cointegration and convergence. For almost all firm pairs (>90% for both efficiency measures), the null hypothesis of cointegration cannot be rejected; meanwhile, the null of no cointegration is rejected for approximately one-third of the firm pairs. Furthermore, convergence tests document less dispersion in firm performance over time. These results indicate that the scores move together and, in fact, the firms are becoming more alike one another in terms of efficiency. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Langfristige Eigenschaften der technischen Effizienz in der US-Luftfahrtindustrie) In diesem Beitrag wird ein innovativer Ansatz entwickelt, um die Beziehung zwischen technischer Effizienz und der Marktstrukturhypothese zu überprüfen, die besagt, daß Wettbewerbsdruck die relative Effizienz erhöht. Die DEA- und FDH-Zeitreihen der technischen Effizienz für ein Panel-Datensatz von 11 US-Fluggesellschaften, die während der Periode 1970 bis 1990 beobachtet wurden, werden im Hinblick auf Kointegration und Konvergenz analysiert. Für nahezu alle Unternehmenspaare (mehr als 90% bei beiden Effizienzmaßen) kann die Nullhypothese der Kointegration nicht zurückgewiesen werden, wo hingegen die Nullhypothese, daß keine Kointegration vorliegt, für etwa ein Drittel der Unternehmenspaare zurückgewiesen wird. Außerdem zeigt der Konvergenztest, daß die Streuung des Unternehmenserfolgs im Zeitablauf abnimmt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die Effizienzwerte sich auf einander zu bewegen und daß in der Tat, die Unternehmen im Hinblick auf Effizienz sich immer ähnlicher werden.

Efficiency, Productivity and Risk Analysis in Turkish Banks: A Bootstrap DEA Approach

This paper, by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index, addresses the impacts of 2007 global financial crisis on the efficiency and productivity of Turkish banks, during 2003-2010 periods. Moreover, a risk taking measure is introduced for each bank and two-stage regression is used to analyze the determinants of DEA efficiency scores. However, because of the existence of inherent dependency among DEA efficiency scores, the basic assumption of regression analysis, i.e., independence within the sample is violated. Hence, to overcome the dependency problem and to be able to make valid statistical inferences, bootstrapping method is applied. This paper attempts to extend the existing DEA literature by applying some of the remarkable methods suggested to improve DEA efficiency and productivity estimates altogether, for the case of Turkey to observe the impacts of recent 2007 global financial crisis.Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Productivity Index, Efficiency and Productivity, Bootstrapping

The Technical Efficiency of UK Airports

In this paper, the innovative random stochastic frontier model is used to estimate the technical efficiency of UK airports. These airports are ranked according to their total productivity for the period 2000-2005 and homogenous and heterogeneous variables in the cost function are disentangled, which leads us to advise the implementation of common policies as well as policies by segments. Economic implications arising from the study are also considered.Airports; UK; efficiency; random frontier models; policy implications.

COOPER-framework: A Unified Standard Process for Non-parametric Projects

Practitioners assess performance of entities in increasingly large and complicated datasets. If non-parametric models, such as Data Envelopment Analysis, were ever considered as simple push-button technologies, this is impossible when many variables are available or when data have to be compiled from several sources. This paper introduces by the ‘COOPER-framework’ a comprehensive model for carrying out non-parametric projects. The framework consists of six interrelated phases: Concepts and objectives, On structuring data, Operational models, Performance comparison model, Evaluation, and Result and deployment. Each of the phases describes some necessary steps a researcher should examine for a well defined and repeatable analysis. The COOPER-framework provides for the novice analyst guidance, structure and advice for a sound non-parametric analysis. The more experienced analyst benefits from a check list such that important issues are not forgotten. In addition, by the use of a standardized framework non-parametric assessments will be more reliable, more repeatable, more manageable, faster and less costly.DEA, non-parametric efficiency, unified standard process, COOPER-framework.

MRP-WSCI: Multiple reference point based weak and strong composite indicators.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/17106The construction of composite indicators is becoming an increasingly important way of managing great amounts of information obtained from multiple single indicators. Obviously, the aggregation of several indicators in a single synthetic measure always implies some loss of information on the way. For this reason, this aggregation must be done in the most informative possible way, so that the results obtained can be easily interpreted, and in an efficient way, so that the information contained in the composite indicator is maximal. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology based on the multicriteria reference point scheme. The decision maker can establish any number of reference levels for each indicator, and the final outcome can be interpreted in terms of the position with respect to these levels. Besides, two different aggregations are proposed: the weak indicator, allowing for full compensation among the single indicators, and the strong indicator, not allowing for any compensation. The joint visualization of both composite indicators provides valuable information that may be unnoticed using other existing approaches. The approach is illustrated using an example based on the EU-Regional Social Progress Index (EU-SPI).The authors would like to thank the financial support received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project ECO2016-76567-C4-4-R), and from the Regional Government of Andalucía (research group SEJ-417)