Improved predictive current model control based on adaptive PR controller for standalone system based DG set

This paper investigates an improved current predictive model control (PCMC) strategy with a prediction horizon of one sampling time for voltage regulation in standalone system based on diesel engine driven fixed speed of a synchronous generator. An adaptive PR controller with anti-windup scheme is employed to achieve high performance regulation without saturation issues. In addition, new method to obtain the optimal parameters of the adaptive PR controller to achieve high performance during the transition and in steady state is provided. To balance the power at the point of common coupling (PCC) as well as to feed a clean power to the connected loads, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with LRC filter is controlled using the developed improved PCMC strategy, where the output filter current is controlled using the predicting of the system behaviour model in the future step, at each sampling prediction time. The performances of the proposed configuration and the improved control strategy are verified using Matlab/Simulink interface

Combined voltage oriented control and direct power control based on backstepping control for four-leg PWM rectifier under unbalanced conditions

The present paper proposes a combined voltage-oriented control and direct power control (VOC-DPC) method associated with the backstepping control technique for a three-phase four-wire grid-connected four-leg rectifier in the synchronous rotating frame without using phase locked loop (PLL) and Parks transformation under balanced and unbalanced load and grid conditions. This control method is proposed in order to remove the drawbacks of the conventional VOC based on the PLL technique .The proposed control method is able to enhance the control performance and dynamic responses of the system when considering slow dynamics and instability issues of the PLL in several cases and can decrease the computational burden due to the absence of PLL and Park transformation. In addition, the performance of the proposed VOC-DPC method is enhanced by using backstepping control (BSC) based on Lyabonov theory for both the input currents and DC-bus voltage loops. As a consequence, constant DC-bus voltage, unit power factor, sinusoidal input currents, and neutral current minimization can be accurately carried out under both DC-bus voltage and load variations. Furthermore, robustness against filter inductance variations can also be achieved. The effectiveness, superiority, and performance of the proposed control method for a four-leg rectifier based on BSC in the dq0-frame are validated by several processor-in-the-loop (PIL) co-simulation tests sing the STM32F407 discovery development board

Simulation and Experimental Realization of Adaptive Controllers for Shunt Active Power Filter to improve Power Quality

As of late, the demand for electric power is increasing, which has developed a greater demand to maintain a higher level of power quality and continuity of power supply at the consumer end. But increased use of power electronic devices has imperatively degraded the overall power quality of the power system. Due to the non-linear nature of the power electronic devices various current and voltage harmonics are generated, causing harmonic distortion. These harmonics cause various undesirable effects such as equipment heating, nuisance tripping, overheating transformer, data losses, etc. Shunt Active Power Filters are a viable solution to mitigate these harmonics and thus improve the power quality. In this thesis work, various control strategies of shunt active power filter based on voltage and current controller has been presented to mitigate the current harmonics. To extract the three phase reference source current we have developed control algorithm based on Synchronous reference frame theory (id-iq) and Self Tuning Filter. For regulating the DC capacitor bus voltage various voltage controllers such as PI, PID, Fuzzy and Adaptive Fuzzy PID controllers has been developed. While to generate the gate signal of SAPF multiple current controllers such as Hysteresis band current controller, adaptive hysteresis band current controller, weighted adaptive hysteresis band current controller and Lyapunov function based stable current controller has been developed. To analyze their performance, simulation models of these controllers have been developed using Matlab/Simulink for different operating conditions. A complete hardware setup of the three phase shunt active power filter has been developed using dSPACE 1104 to verify the credibility of the proposed controllers

Analysis and sliding mode control of four-wire three-leg shunt active power filter

In this paper, the analysis and the sliding mode control application for a shunt active filter is presented. The active filter is based on a three-leg split-capacitor voltage source inverter which is used to compensate harmonics and unbalance in the phase currents, and therefore to cancel neutral current. The proposed sliding mode control is formulated from the multivariable state model established in dq0 frames. The selection of the sliding mode functions takes in account simultaneously, the current tracking and the dc-bus regulation and balancing, without the need of outer loops for the dc-bus control. A particular attention is given to the sliding mode functions design in order to optimize the convergence of the zero-sequence error and the dc-bus voltage unbalance. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been verified through computer simulation where satisfactory results are obtained over different conditions

Predictive control for active split DC-bus 4-leg inverters

This paper proposes a Predictive Control, formally Dead-Beat (DBC), for a four-leg inverter having an Active Split DC-bus on the fourth leg and LC filters on phase-to-neutral outputs. Such a configuration permits to reduce the voltage ripple on the neutral point connected to inverter grounding. As only few control techniques have been investigated for Active Split DC-bus, the paper proposes to investigate the performance of DBC, which has been widely used for other power electronics applications. The main advantage of DBC over the classical PI or Resonant controller is that no tuning is required for control loop, while obtaining very fast transient response as well it can handle general constrained nonlinear systems with multiple inputs and outputs in a unified and clear manner. These features are highly valuable in power electronic converters used to supply the electrical utility loads in micro-grids. However, one of the main drawback of the DBC is the limited capabilities on harmonics compensations required when supplying unbalanced and non-linear loads. The paper presents continuous-time and discrete-time models of DBC applied to a four-leg VSI with Active Split DC-bus, highlighting the performance through simulation results as well as experimental tests

Flexible operation of grid-interfacing converters in distribution networks : bottom-up solutions to voltage quality enhancement

Due to the emerging application of distributed generation (DG), large numbers of DG systems are expected to deliver electricity into the distribution network in the near future. For the most part these systems are not ready for riding through grid disturbances and cannot mitigate unwanted influences on the grid. On the one hand, with the increasing use of sensitive and critical equipment by customers, the electricity network is required to serve high voltage quality. On the other hand, more and more unbalanced and nonlinear equipment, including DG units, is negatively affecting the power quality of distribution networks. To adapt to the future distribution network, the tendency for grid-interfacing converters will be to integrate voltage quality enhancement with DG functionality. In this thesis, the flexible operation of grid-interfacing converters in distribution networks is investigated for the purpose of voltage quality enhancement at both the grid and user sides. The research is carried out in a bottom-up fashion, from the low-level power electronics control, through the realization of individual system functionality, finally arriving at system-level concepts and implementation. Being essential to the control of grid-interfacing converters, both stationaryframe techniques for voltage detection and synchronization in disturbed grids, and asymmetrical current regulation are investigated. Firstly, a group of high performance filters for the detection of fundamental symmetrical sequences and harmonics under various grid conditions is proposed. The robustness of the proposed filters to small grid-frequency variation and their adaptability to large frequency change are discussed. Secondly, multiple reference frame current regulation is explored for dealing with unbalanced grid conditions. As a complement to the existing proportional resonant (PR) controllers, sequence-decoupled resonant (SDR) controllers are proposed for regulating individual symmetric sequences. Based on the modeling of a four-leg grid-connected system in different reference frames, three types of controllers, i.e. PI, PR, and proportional plus SDR controllers are compared. Grid-interactive control of distributed power generation, i.e. voltage unbalance compensation, grid-fault ride-through control and flexible power transfer, as well as the modeling of harmonic interaction, are all investigated. The in-depth study and analysis of these grid interactions show the grid-support possibilities and potential negative impact on the grid of inverter-based DG units, beyond their primary goal of power delivery. In order to achieve a co-operative voltage unbalance compensation based on distributed DG systems, two control schemes, namely voltage unbalance factor based control and negative-sequence admittance control, are proposed. The negativesequence voltages at the grid connection point can be compensated and mitigated by regulating the negative-sequence currents flowing between the grid and DG converters. Flexible active and reactive power control during unbalanced voltage dips is proposed that enables DG systems to enhance grid-fault ride-through capability and to adapt to various requirements for grid voltage support. By changing adaptable weighting factors, the compensation of oscillating power and the regulation of grid currents can be easily implemented. Two joint strategies for the simultaneous control of active and reactive power are derived, which maintain the adaptive controllability that can cope with multiple constraints in practical applications. The contribution of zero-sequence currents to active power control is also analyzed as a complement to the proposed control, which is based on positive- and negative-sequence components. Harmonic interaction between DG inverters and the grid is modeled and analyzed with an impedance-based approach. In order to mitigate the harmonic distortion in a polluted grid, it is proposed to specify output impedance limits as a design constraint for DG inverters. Results obtained from modeling, analysis, and simulations of a distribution network with aggregated DG inverters, show that the proposed method is a simple and effective way for estimating harmonic quasi-resonance problems. By integrating these proposed control strategies in a modified conventional series-parallel structure, we arrived at a group of grid-interfacing system topologies that is suitable for DG applications, voltage quality improvement, and flexible power transfer. A concrete laboratory system details the proposed concepts and specifies the practical problems related to control design. The introduction of multi-level control objectives illustrates that the proposed system can ride through voltage disturbances, can enhance the grid locally, and can continue the power transfer to and from the grid while high voltage quality is maintained for the local loads within the system module. A dual-converter laboratory set-up was built, with which the proposed concepts and practical implementation have been fully demonstrated

Digital Repetitive Control of a Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter

Shunt active power filters have been proved as useful elements to correct distorted currents caused by nonlinear loads in power distribution systems. This paper presents an all-digital approach based on a particular repetitive control technique for their control. Specifically, a digital repetitive plug-in controller for odd-harmonic discrete-time periodic references and disturbances is used for the current control loops of the active filter. This approach does not introduce a high gain at those frequencies for which it is not needed and, thus, improves robustness of the controlled system. The active power balance of the whole system is assured by an outer control loop, which is designed from an energy-balancing perspective. The design is performed for a three-phase four-wire shunt active filter with a full-bridge boost topology. Several experimental results are also presented to show the good behavior of the closed-loop system.Peer Reviewe

An Effective Model Predictive Control Method With Self-Balanced Capacitor Voltages for Single-Phase Three-Level Shunt Active Filters

This paper presents an effective model predictive control (MPC) method for single-phase three-level T-type inverter-based shunt active power filters (SAPFs). The SAPF using T-type inverter topology has not been reported in the literature yet. Contrary to most of the existing MPC methods, the proposed MPC method eliminates the need for using weighting factor and additional constraints required for balancing dc capacitor voltages in the cost function. The design of cost function is based on the energy function. Since the factor used in the formulation of the energy function does not have any adverse influence on the performance of the system, the cost function becomes weighting factor free. The weighting factor free based MPC brings simplicity in the practical implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC method has been investigated in steady-state as well as dynamic transients caused by load changes. The theoretical considerations are verified through experimental studies performed on a 3 kVA system

Performance comparison of hybrid active power filter for p-q theory and SVPWM technique

Harmonic Distortion in many of the industrial applications are occur primarily owing to the enormous utilization of loads with high non-linearity like power converters, speed varying drives and arc furnaces. The power semiconductor is used to achieve the variation in speed and conversion from one source to another. Mostly active filters and tuned filters are utilized to remove the harmonic included in the source current. The tuned passive filters and inductance inserted in the line reduces the harmonics but at the same time induces the resonances in most of the industrial applications. Due to this, harmonic distortion increases in the source current and voltage. This can be reduced by adding hybrid filter in the system with decreased rating of active filter in high power applications. This article deals with the various topology of hybrid filters. The working of the proposed filter design in variable inductance mode based on the pollution created in the source voltage and current is studied. In the proposed hybrid filter passive filter is tuned with seventh harmonic frequency and connected in series with active filters to reduce the harmonic distortion. DC link voltage and the active filter VA rating could be minimized. The control signal to the filter is derived from p-q theory and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The performance of the system under study is simulated and noted for the THD percentage before and after the filter is added to the system and the same model is experimented with reduced voltage level