Middleware-Controlled Resource consumption for Location Traffic in Cellular Networks

Location is valuable information for services implemented in wireless networks. Location systems often use the infrastructure of cellular networks that have already been deployed. Accordingly, location systems spend resources of the network they use. This paper proposes a middleware to reduce the consumption of network resources and optimize the location traffic that is being carried. This middleware, called MILCO (Middleware for Location Cost Optimization), selects the optimum location technique depending on the request, i.e. the location technique that satisfies the quality of service (QoS) required and minimizes the resource operating expense. In addition, MILCO takes advantage of ongoing and carried location processes to reduce the overall expenditure of resources. Our results show that MILCO can reduce location-process failures and improve latency figures for location provisioning and resource use in cellular networks such as UMTS

Open Standard Query Interface for Geospatial Databases in OSA /Parlay

Student Number :9600874K - MSc research report - School of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentTelecommunication networks have evolved from voice only single service networks to multimedia networks providing bearer services such as voice, data and video transportation. Moreover, these networks, collectively called Next Generation Networks (NGNs), enable rapid creation, deployment and management of advanced services in an efficient manner. However, the initial business model of telcos was to internally develop and provide these advanced services to customers. In this monopolized environment, service development is driven by technological availability rather than customer demands. Furthermore, vendor specific network elements prohibit the development of re-useable service components, which in turn increases the time-to-market of services. Deregulation and advances in Distributed Computing Systems (DCSs) are driving towards open networks and rapid service delivery. Third party Application Service Providers (ASPs) are envisioned to develop and supply the services, with the telco providing bearer services. The use of softswitch architectures such as Open Service Access (OSA) / Parlay (OSA / Parlay) in an open NGN environment abstract services from core network elements through its Application Programming Interface (API). Services are thus decoupled from vendor and protocol specific network equipment and can be provided across a plethora of network architectures. One major advantage of NGN is the ability to provide bearer service in a mobile environment. Location Based Services (LBSs) are envisaged to be an important class of services provided in the NGN environment. For an LBS service to be complete, a geospatial database is necessary to provide location information. This report documents the design and implementation of a Geospatial Data Access Service Capability Feature (GDASCF) as an extension to the OSA / Parlay gateway. The GDASCF encapsulates necessary APIs that offer uniform access to query geospatial databases. One key component of the design is the realization of the Adapter layer which adapts function calls to an appropriate Database Management System (DBMS). The introduction of the GDASCF and Adapter layer provides a solution which results in flexible and rapid service creation

Raamistik mobiilsete asjade veebile

Internet on oma arengus läbi aastate jõudnud järgmisse evolutsioonietappi - asjade internetti (ingl Internet of Things, lüh IoT). IoT ei tähista ühtainsat tehnoloogiat, see võimaldab eri seadmeil - arvutid, mobiiltelefonid, autod, kodumasinad, loomad, virtuaalsensorid, jne - omavahel üle Interneti suhelda, vajamata seejuures pidevat inimesepoolset seadistamist ja juhtimist. Mobiilseadmetest nagu näiteks nutitelefon ja tahvelarvuti on saanud meie igapäevased kaaslased ning oma mitmekülgse võimekusega on nad motiveerinud teadustegevust mobiilse IoT vallas. Nutitelefonid kätkevad endas võimekaid protsessoreid ja 3G/4G tehnoloogiatel põhinevaid internetiühendusi. Kuid kui kasutada seadmeid järjepanu täisvõimekusel, tühjeneb mobiili aku kiirelt. Doktoritöö esitleb energiasäästlikku, kergekaalulist mobiilsete veebiteenuste raamistikku anduriandmete kogumiseks, kasutades kergemaid, energiasäästlikumaid suhtlustprotokolle, mis on IoT keskkonnale sobilikumad. Doktoritöö käsitleb põhjalikult energia kokkuhoidu mobiilteenuste majutamisel. Töö käigus loodud raamistikud on kontseptsiooni tõestamiseks katsetatud mitmetes juhtumiuuringutes päris seadmetega.The Internet has evolved, over the years, from just being the Internet to become the Internet of Things (IoT), the next step in its evolution. IoT is not a single technology and it enables about everything from computers, mobile phones, cars, appliances, animals, virtual sensors, etc. that connect and interact with each other over the Internet to function free from human interaction. Mobile devices like the Smartphone and tablet PC have now become essential to everyday life and with extended capabilities have motivated research related to the mobile Internet of Things. Although, the recently developed Smartphones enjoy the high performance and high speed 3G/4G mobile Internet data transmission services, such high speed performances quickly drain the battery power of the mobile device. This thesis presents an energy efficient lightweight mobile Web service provisioning framework for mobile sensing utilizing the protocols that were designed for the constrained IoT environment. Lightweight protocols provide an energy efficient way of communication. Finally, this thesis highlights the energy conservation of the mobile Web service provisioning, the developed framework, extensively. Several case studies with the use of the proposed framework were implemented on real devices and has been thoroughly tested as a proof-of-concept.https://www.ester.ee/record=b522498

Creation of value with open source software in the telecommunications field

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

Internet of Things Applications - From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment

The book aims to provide a broad overview of various topics of Internet of Things from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies, nanoelectronics, cyber physical systems, architecture, interoperability and industrial applications. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC – Internet of Things European Research Cluster from technology to international cooperation and the global "state of play".The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, development and deployment of IoT at the global level. Internet of Things is creating a revolutionary new paradigm, with opportunities in every industry from Health Care, Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Agriculture, Computer, Electronics Telecommunications, Automotive, Aeronautics, Transportation Energy and Retail to apply the massive potential of the IoT to achieving real-world solutions. The beneficiaries will include as well semiconductor companies, device and product companies, infrastructure software companies, application software companies, consulting companies, telecommunication and cloud service providers. IoT will create new revenues annually for these stakeholders, and potentially create substantial market share shakeups due to increased technology competition. The IoT will fuel technology innovation by creating the means for machines to communicate many different types of information with one another while contributing in the increased value of information created by the number of interconnections among things and the transformation of the processed information into knowledge shared into the Internet of Everything. The success of IoT depends strongly on enabling technology development, market acceptance and standardization, which provides interoperability, compatibility, reliability, and effective operations on a global scale. The connected devices are part of ecosystems connecting people, processes, data, and things which are communicating in the cloud using the increased storage and computing power and pushing for standardization of communication and metadata. In this context security, privacy, safety, trust have to be address by the product manufacturers through the life cycle of their products from design to the support processes. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum - from devices at the edge to cloud and datacentres on the backend and everything in between, through ecosystems are created by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real-world use cases to accelerate the Internet of Things and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. Enabling technologies such as nanoelectronics, sensors/actuators, cyber-physical systems, intelligent device management, smart gateways, telematics, smart network infrastructure, cloud computing and software technologies will create new products, new services, new interfaces by creating smart environments and smart spaces with applications ranging from Smart Cities, smart transport, buildings, energy, grid, to smart health and life. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Introduction• Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda• Internet of Things in the industrial context: Time for deployment.• Integration of heterogeneous smart objects, applications and services• Evolution from device to semantic and business interoperability• Software define and virtualization of network resources• Innovation through interoperability and standardisation when everything is connected anytime at anyplace• Dynamic context-aware scalable and trust-based IoT Security, Privacy framework• Federated Cloud service management and the Internet of Things• Internet of Things Application

Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web

The increasing availability of abundant geographically referenced information in the Geospatial Web provides a variety of opportunities for developing value-added LBS applications. However, large data volumes of the Geospatial Web and small mobile device displays impose a data visualization problem, as the amount of searchable information overwhelms the display when too many query results are returned. Excessive returned results clutter the mobile display, making it harder for users to prioritize information and causes confusion and usability problems. Mobile Spatial Interaction (MSI) research into this “information overload” problem is ongoing where map personalization and other semantic based filtering mechanisms are essential to de-clutter and adapt the exploration of the real-world to the processing/display limitations of mobile devices. In this thesis, we propose that another way to filter this information is to intelligently refine the search space. 3DQ (3-Dimensional Query) is our novel MSI prototype for information discovery on today’s location and orientation-aware smartphones within 3D Geospatial Web environments. Our application incorporates human interactions (interpreted from embedded sensors) in the geospatial query process by determining the shape of their actual visibility space as a query “window” in a spatial database, e.g. Isovist in 2D and Threat Dome in 3D. This effectively applies hidden query removal (HQR) functionality in 360º 3D that takes into account both the horizontal and vertical dimensions when calculating the 3D search space, significantly reducing display clutter and information overload on mobile devices. The effect is a more accurate and expected search result for mobile LBS applications by returning information on only those objects visible within a user’s 3D field-of-view

Sensor Networks and Their Applications: Investigating the Role of Sensor Web Enablement

The Engineering Doctorate (EngD) was conducted in conjunction with BT Research on state-of-the-art Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) projects. The first area of work is a literature review of WSN project applications, some of which the author worked on as a BT Researcher based at the world renowned Adastral Park Research Labs in Suffolk (2004-09). WSN applications are examined within the context of Machine-to-Machine (M2M); Information Networking (IN); Internet/Web of Things (IoT/WoT); smart home and smart devices; BT’s 21st Century Network (21CN); Cloud Computing; and future trends. In addition, this thesis provides an insight into the capabilities of similar external WSN project applications. Under BT’s Sensor Virtualization project, the second area of work focuses on building a Generic Architecture for WSNs with reusable infrastructure and ‘infostructure’ by identifying and trialling suitable components, in order to realise actual business benefits for BT. The third area of work focuses on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards and their Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative. The SWE framework was investigated to ascertain its potential as a component of the Generic Architecture. BT’s SAPHE project served as a use case. BT Research’s experiences of taking this traditional (vertical) stove-piped application and creating SWE compliant services are described. The author’s findings were originally presented in a series of publications and have been incorporated into this thesis along with supplementary WSN material from BT Research projects. SWE 2.0 specifications are outlined to highlight key improvements, since work began at BT with SWE 1.0. The fourth area of work focuses on Complex Event Processing (CEP) which was evaluated to ascertain its potential for aggregating and correlating the shared project sensor data (‘infostructure’) harvested and for enabling data fusion for WSNs in diverse domains. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions for further work are provided

Dynamic technological capability (DTC) model for the next generation of technology evolution

The central question of this thesis is how should the managers and technologists of technological organisations decide on how to invest in the co-evolution of technologies and adapt their influences to the evolution of their organisational capabilities by knowing the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks of such an investment? In the context of this research the main drivers are recognized as: - Variation in the accuracy and quality of technology - Changing market and instability in the demand for technology - Huge cost with less revenue from the technology - Increasing influence of regulations The issue of particular interest within this question includes creating a solution method for decision makers so that they can create value for their organisations by making a less risky investment decision in technology evolution, under the conditions that will be relevant to the next generation of technologies. The research work uses a case study approach within the context of the UK mobile industry in order to answer the basic and problem-oriented questions, by which; 1. the characteristics of the future technological evolutions within which the next generation of technologies must be operated are identified. 2. related theories are identified in respect of the value creation for organisations with evolving capabilities in response to the dynamic environment. 3. emphasis is placed upon the contribution of the technology co-evolution towards the evolution of organisational capabilities, as a result of a critical view of the concept of dynamic capabilities. 4. a basis is developed for the need of a solution method, consistent with the characteristics of the next generation of technologies, which respond to the current limitation of the theory of the dynamic capabilities, that must be overcome to achieve new requirements of the technology evolution. The output from the research work includes: I. A new framework, which exploits distinct technological roles: component, product and applications, support and infrastructure and integrates these technological capabilities from internal and external industries, following the four stages evolutionary cycle, including variation/reconfiguration, selection/search/learning, replication/leveraging, retention/integration. In this research, this new framework is called an evolutionary framework. II. A new set of 52 factors which are organized with respect to their clusters: technological evolution (TE), organisational evolution (OE), resource evolution (RE); their drivers: accuracy and quality of technology, market demand for technology, cost of technology, self and governmental regulations; and their merits: benefits, opportunities, costs, risks. In this research, this new set of factors is called an evaluation method. The fusion of the above concept and method places a new model, called the Dynamic Technological Capability model, within the context of technological organisations such as the UK mobile operators. The basis of the DTC model is that the exogenous industries are forcing the technology co-evolution, even if the previous generation of technologies remained unsuccessful in the dynamic market. To overcome the problems of making a less risky investment decision in the next generation of technology under such circumstances, the decision makers must have a model through which they can take measures of the investment decisions in the form of the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks values before making any investment decision. These novel aspects of the DTC model are illustrated by applying it to the UK mobile operators: Vodafone, Orange and O2, for the process of making an investment decision in the next generation of Location Based Services (LBS), called Assisted-Global Positioning System (A-GPS) technology