Variations morphologiques, syntaxiques, sémantiques et Repérage d’Information sur le Web

Le repérage d’information sur le Web présente des défis particuliers, en raison de la grande variété de domaines, genres et styles des documents (ce qui augmente les phénomènes de polysémie, d’homonymie et de synonymie), et des types de requêtes utilisées, en général très courtes. En conséquence, les résultats d’une recherche sont souvent très nombreux et peu pertinents. Il faut donc trouver des approches intermédiaires : nous avons étudié les résultats de cinq requêtes de base et de variantes obtenues par enrichissement morphologique et synonymique, dans le but d’identifier des pistes valables de reformulation de requêtes. Nous avons porté une attention particulière au lien syntaxique entre les termes de la requête dans les documents et à son rapport avec la pertinence de ces termes, et effectivement constaté que la prise en compte de ce lien devrait permettre d’augmenter la précision des requêtes sans trop nuire à leur rappel.Web information retrieval presents particular challenges due to the wide range of topics, genres and styles in web pages (which increase the frequency of polysemy, homonymy and synonymy) combined with the general use of very brief search strings, resulting in the retrieval of many pages with little relevance. A new approach must thus be found. We have studied the results from five basic queries and variations derived using morphological changes and synonyms in order to identify useful strategies for query reformulation. Our study pays particular attention to syntactic link between search terms in the documents and its connection to the relevance of these terms, and finds that taking this link into account improves the precision of the search without diminishing retrieval

Proceedings of the Eighth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CliC-it 2021

The eighth edition of the Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2021) was held at Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca from 26th to 28th January 2022. After the edition of 2020, which was held in fully virtual mode due to the health emergency related to Covid-19, CLiC-it 2021 represented the first moment for the Italian research community of Computational Linguistics to meet in person after more than one year of full/partial lockdown

Impact des variations morphologiques sur la recherche d'information sur le Web

Notre travail de recherche est de type exploratoire. Il traite de l'apport des connaissances linguistiques à la recherche d'information sur le Web. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié l'impact des variations morphologiques, notamment les variantes dérivées, en termes de fréquence, sur la pertinence des documents rapportés. À ce sujet, nous avons vérifié s'il y a une corrélation entre la fréquence des termes et des variantes morphologiques extraits des documents rapportés et la pertinence de ces mêmes documents. Les résultats obtenus n'ont pas permis de confirmer, d'une façon évidente, cette corrélation. En d'autres termes, si les données brutes laissent croire que, globalement, il y a une corrélation entre la fréquence des variables et la pertinence des documents, ce n'est pas le cas après l'examen des requêtes d'une façon individuelle, et, aussi, après l'application du test statistique de Jonckheere-Terpstra. En somme, la présence ou non d'une telle corrélation dépend, en partie, de la requête, des mots de la requête, de la nature et de la qualité des variantes. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Recherche d'information, Connaissances linguistiques, Variations morphologiques, Reformulation de requêtes, Traitement automatique des langues, Web

A new framework for a technological perspective of knowledge management

Rapid change is a defining characteristic of our modern society. This has huge impact on society, governments, and businesses. Businesses are forced to fundamentally transform themselves to survive in a challenging economy. Transformation implies change in the way business is conducted, in the way people perform their contribution to the organisation, and in the way the organisation perceives and manages its vital assets – which increasingly are built around the key assets of intellectual capital and knowledge. The latest management tool and realisation of how to respond to the challenges of the economy in the new millennium, is the idea of "knowledge management" (KM). In this study we have focused on synthesising the many confusing points of view about the subject area, such as: a. different focus points or perspectives; b. different definitions and positioning of the subject; as well as c. a bewildering number of definitions of what knowledge is and what KM entails. There exists a too blurred distinction in popular-magazine-like sources about this area between subjects and concepts such as: knowledge versus information versus data; the difference between information management and knowledge management; tools available to tackle the issues in this field of study and practice; and the role technology plays versus the huge hype from some journalists and within the vendor community. Today there appears to be a lack of a coherent set of frameworks to abstract, comprehend, and explain this subject area; let alone to build successful systems and technologies with which to apply KM. The study is comprised of two major parts: 1. In the first part the study investigates the concepts, elements, drivers, and challenges related to KM. A set of models for comprehending these issues and notions is contributed as we considered intellectual capital, organizational learning, communities of practice, and best practices. 2. The second part focuses on the technology perspective of KM. Although KM is primarily concerned with non-technical issues this study concentrates on the technical issues and challenges. A new technology framework for KM is proposed to position and relate the different KM technologies as well as the two key applications of KM, namely knowledge portals and knowledge discovery (including text mining). It is concluded that KM and related concepts and notions need to be understood firmly as well as effectively positioned and employed to support the modern business organisation in its quest to survive and grow. The main thesis is that KM technology is a necessary but insufficient prerequisite and a key enabler for successful KM in a rapidly changing business environment.Thesis (PhD (Computer Science))--University of Pretoria, 2010.Computer Scienceunrestricte

Enhancing factoid question answering using frame semantic-based approaches

FrameNet is used to enhance the performance of semantic QA systems. FrameNet is a linguistic resource that encapsulates Frame Semantics and provides scenario-based generalizations over lexical items that share similar semantic backgrounds.Doctor of Philosoph

Linguistic Knowledge can Improve Information Retrieval

This paper describes the results of some experiments using a new approach to information access that combines techniques from natural language processing and knowledge representation with a penaltybased technique for relevance estimation and passage retrieval. Unlike many attempts to combine natural language processing with information retrieval, these results show substantial benefit from using linguistic knowledge

Linguistic Knowledge can Improve Information Retrieval

This paper describes the results of some experiments using a new approach to information access that combines techniques from natural language processing and knowledge representation with a penalty-based technique for relevance estimation and passage retrieval. Unlike many attempts to combine natural language processing with information retrieval, these results show substantial benefit from using linguistic knowledge.

Linguistic Knowledge can Improve Information Retrieval

article represents a milestone in an ongoing project aimed at discovering technology to help peopl