An investigation of grammar design in natural-language speech-recognition.

With the growing interest and demand for human-machine interaction, much work concerning speech-recognition has been carried out over the past three decades. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed to address speech-recognition issues, such as stochastic (statistical) techniques, grammar-based techniques, techniques integrated with linguistic features, and other approaches, recognition accuracy and robustness remain among the major problems that need to be addressed. At the state of the art, most commercial speech products are constructed using grammar-based speech-recognition technology. In this thesis, we investigate a number of features involved in grammar design in natural-language speech-recognition technology. We hypothesize that: with the same domain, a semantic grammar, which directly encodes some semantic constraints into the recognition grammar, achieves better accuracy, but less robustness; a syntactic grammar defines a language with a larger size, thereby it has better robustness, but less accuracy; a word-sequence grammar, which includes neither semantics nor syntax, defines the largest language, therefore, is the most robust, but has very poor recognition accuracy. In this Master\u27s thesis, we claim that proper grammar design can achieve the appropriate compromise between recognition accuracy and robustness. The thesis has been proven by experiments using the IBM Voice-Server SDK, which consists of a VoiceXML browser, IBM ViaVoice Speech Recognition and Text-To-Speech (TTS) engines, sample applications, and other tools for developing and testing VoiceXML applications. The experimental grammars are written in the Java Speech Grammar Format (JSGF), and the testing applications are written in VoiceXML. The tentative experimental results suggest that grammar design is a good area for further study. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2003 .S555. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-01, page: 0244. Adviser: Richard A. Frost. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004

An investigation of the electrolytic plasma oxidation process for corrosion protection of pure magnesium and magnesium alloy AM50.

In this study, silicate and phosphate EPO coatings were produced on pure magnesium using an AC power source. It was found that the silicate coatings possess good wear resistance, while the phosphate coatings provide better corrosion protection. A Design of Experiment (DOE) technique, the Taguchi method, was used to systematically investigate the effect of the EPO process parameters on the corrosion protection properties of a coated magnesium alloy AM50 using a DC power. The experimental design consisted of four factors (treatment time, current density, and KOH and NaAlO2 concentrations), with three levels of each factor. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements were conducted to determine the corrosion resistance of the coated samples. The optimized processing parameters are 12 minutes, 12 mA/cm2 current density, 0.9 g/l KOH, 15.0 g/l NaAlO2. The results of the percentage contribution of each factor determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) imply that the KOH concentration is the most significant factor affecting the corrosion resistance of the coatings, while treatment time is a major factor affecting the thickness of the coatings. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .M323. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1479. Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Wessel: `Language Modelling and Spoken Dialogue Systems - the ARISE experience

The aim of this paper is to describe the experiences gained in the field of language modelling during the LE-3 ARISE (Automatic Railway Information Systems for Europe) project. All of the different techniques presented in this paper are related to the field of Spoken Dialogue Systems, and they cope with the issues of limited amount of training material and the exploitation of the constraints available in a dialogue system. The results obtained may be useful for the future development of similar applications

Hybrid discourse modeling and summarization for a speech-to-speech translation system

The thesis discusses two parts of the speech-to-speech translation system VerbMobil: the dialogue model and one of its applications, multilingual summary generation. In connection with the dialogue model, two topics are of special interest: (a) the use of a default unification operation called overlay as the fundamental operation for dialogue management; and (b) an intentional model that is able to describe intentions in dialogue on five levels in a language-independent way. Besides the actual generation algorithm developed, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the summarization functionality. In addition to precision and recall, a new characterization - confabulation - is defined that provides a more precise understanding of the performance of complex natural language processing systems.Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt hauptsächlich zwei Themen, die für das VerbMobil-System, ein Übersetzungssystem gesprochener Spontansprache, entwickelt wurden: das Dialogmodell und als Applikation die multilinguale Generierung von Ergebnissprotokollen. Für die Dialogmodellierung sind zwei Themen von besonderem Interesse. Das erste behandelt eine in der vorliegenden Arbeit formalisierte Default-Unifikations-Operation namens Overlay, die als fundamentale Operation für Diskursverarbeitung dient. Das zweite besteht aus einem intentionalen Modell, das Intentionen eines Dialogs auf fünf Ebenen in einer sprachunabhängigen Repräsentation darstellt. Neben dem für die Protokollgenerierung entwickelten Generierungsalgorithmus wird eine umfassende Evaluation zur Protokollgenerierungsfunktionalität vorgestellt. Zusätzlich zu "precision" und "recall" wird ein neues Maß - Konfabulation (Engl.: "confabulation") - vorgestellt, das eine präzisere Charakterisierung der Qualität eines komplexen Sprachverarbeitungssystems ermöglicht

Sistemas de diálogo basados en modelos estocásticos

En la presente tesis, titulada Sistemas de diálogo basados en modelos estocásticos , se expone el estado del arte en el área de los sistemas de diálogo y se presenta el trabajo realizado en el diseño e implementación de los módulos de un sistema de diálogo determinado. La tesis se centra en el estudio de la gestión de diálogo desde una aproximación estadística. La tesis aporta el desarrollo de un sistema de diálogo completo (con entrada y salida de texto, en lengua española, y para una tarea de dominio semántico restringido, la definida en el proyecto de investigación BASURDE). Dicho sistema está constituido por los módulos de comprensión del lenguaje natural, de gestión del diálogo y de generación de respuestas en lenguaje natural. Dado el objetivo central de la tesis, el desarrollo del módulo gestor de diálogo ha sido el principal trabajo y, en consecuencia, es expuesto con la máxima amplitud en la presente memoria. El limitado tamaño del corpus de diálogos de la tarea BASURDE ha supuesto una severa dificultad en el desarrollo de un gestor de diálogo basado exclusivamente en modelos estadísticos. El módulo gestor de diálogo finalmente implementado determina su estrategia de diálogo mediante la combinación de varias fuentes de conocimiento: unas de carácter estocástico, los modelos aprendidos a partir del corpus; otras de arácter heurístico, reglas que incorporan conocimiento pragmático y semántico, ya sea genérico o específico de la tarea. Por último, se ha considerado la simulación de los usuarios como una técnica lternativa para fines como la evaluación del comportamiento del sistema de diálogo, la ampliación del corpus mediante diálogos sintéticos, o el aprendizaje dinámico de los modelos estocásticos de diálogo. Se han diseñado e implementado los correspondientes módulos simuladores de usuario, estudiándose las posibilidades de esta técnica.objetivo central de la tesis, el desarrollo del módulo gestor de diálogo ha sido el principal trabajo y, en onsecuenciaTorres Goterris, F. (2006). Sistemas de diálogo basados en modelos estocásticos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1901Palanci