GIS-based cultural route heritage authenticity analysis and conservation support in cost-surface and visibility study approaches.

He, Jie.Thesis submitted in: October 2008.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236).Abstracts in English and Chinese.ABSTRACT --- p.iTABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vLIST OF FIGURES --- p.ixACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xiiiChapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1Chapter 1.1.1 --- The Development of the Cultural Route Concept --- p.2Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Delimitation of Heritage Definitions and Conservation --- p.5Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.7Chapter 1.2.1 --- Shortcomings of Delimitations and Their Implementation in Cultural Routes --- p.7Chapter 1.2.2 --- Authenticity as a Subject of Investigation and Planning Support --- p.11Chapter 1.3 --- Research Definition --- p.12Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.13Chapter 1.3.2 --- Significance of Study --- p.13Chapter Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.15Chapter 2.1 --- Cultural Route Heritage Disciplines and Protection Practices --- p.15Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical and Methodological Investigations --- p.15Chapter 2.1.2 --- Delimitations and Case Studies --- p.17Chapter 2.2 --- Routes and Associated Landscape Studies carried out by Archaeologists --- p.24Chapter 2.2.1 --- Archaeological Route Studies --- p.25Chapter 2.2.2 --- Landscape Archaeological Module and Cases --- p.26Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methodology and technology --- p.29Chapter 2.3 --- "Landscape Archaeology and ,GIS applications" --- p.29Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landscape Archaeology through the Cognitive Paradigm --- p.30Chapter 2.3.2 --- Information Technology and GIS Support --- p.31Chapter 2.3.3 --- GIS Support for Heritage --- p.33Chapter 2.4 --- GIS for Cultural Resource Management --- p.34Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gap between Practice and Research --- p.35Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Potential of GIS for Conservation Planning in CRM --- p.37Chapter 2.4.3 --- Problems in Gonservation Planning Relating to Heritage Value --- p.39Chapter 2.5 --- Perceptual Archaeology and GIS Applications. --- p.40Chapter 2.5.1 --- Archaeological Yisibility --- p.41Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.47Chapter 2.6 --- Problem-oriented Applications of Visibility and Cost-surface Analysis --- p.50Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single Factor Approaches --- p.50Chapter 2.6.2 --- Social and Cultural Interpretations --- p.52Chapter 2.6.3 --- Path Studies --- p.53Chapter 2.7 --- Visual Resource Management Researches by the Author --- p.54Chapter 2.8 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.54Chapter Chapter 3 --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.59Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.59Chapter 3.1.1 --- Authenticity and the Reified Attributes --- p.60Chapter 3.1.2 --- Definition of Attributes --- p.62Chapter 3.1.3 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Spatial Interrelationships --- p.65Chapter 3.1.4 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Functionalities --- p.67Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Scale Issue --- p.69Chapter 3.1.6 --- Technical Potentials in GIS --- p.70Chapter 3.2 --- The System Framework --- p.71Chapter 3.2.1 --- Path Replication and Prediction --- p.73Chapter 3.2.2 --- Control of Space --- p.77Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cultural Landscapes in Cultural Route Spatial Analysis --- p.82Chapter 3.3 --- Management and Delimitations --- p.85Chapter 3.3.1 --- Allocations --- p.85Chapter 3.3.2 --- Delimitations in Categories --- p.86Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.90Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.91Chapter 4.1 --- Background Dataset. --- p.91Chapter 4.1.1 --- DEM --- p.91Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mapping Scales --- p.96Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Historical Topography and Landscape Reconstruction," --- p.98Chapter 4.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.102Chapter 4.2.1 --- Movement Singulation --- p.103Chapter 4.2.2 --- Path Selection --- p.105Chapter 4.3 --- Cost Surface Modeling --- p.107Chapter 4.3.1 --- Attributes Introduced --- p.108Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cost-Surface Model Making --- p.110Chapter 4.3.3 --- Visibility as a Cost --- p.114Chapter 4.3.4 --- Algorithms --- p.121Chapter 4.3.5 --- rSpatial Control of Property --- p.128Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Issues and Validation --- p.137Chapter 4.4.1 --- Technical Issues of Visibility Studies --- p.138Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cost-Surface Analysis Conberns --- p.141Chapter 4.4.3 --- Validations --- p.142Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143Chapter Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT WALL --- p.145Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.145Chapter 5.1.1 --- Previous Research --- p.145Chapter 5.1.2 --- Great Wall Conservation --- p.149Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study Design --- p.150Chapter 5.3 --- Data Sources and Data Preparation --- p.151Chapter 5.3.1 --- DEM --- p.151Chapter 5.3.2 --- Historical Reconstructions --- p.156Chapter 5.4 --- Large-scale Analyses --- p.162Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cost-surface Modeling --- p.163Chapter 5.4.2 --- Invasion and Defensive Interpretations --- p.166Chapter 5.5 --- The Juyongguan Pass Study --- p.178Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Background --- p.181Chapter 5.5.2 --- Facility Mapping and Viewshed Analysis --- p.181Chapter 5.5.3 --- Movement Modeling --- p.191Chapter 5.5.4 --- Analytical Results --- p.195Chapter 5.6 --- Spatial Control and Delimitations of Juyongguan Pass Fortress --- p.201Chapter 5.6.1 --- Spatial Control of the Great Wall --- p.201Chapter 5.6.2 --- Juyongguan Pass Fortress Delimitations --- p.203Chapter 5.7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.209Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.211Chapter 6.1 --- Utility of the Proposed Study Scheme --- p.211Chapter 6.1.1 --- The Theoretical Aspect --- p.211Chapter 6.1.2 --- Methodological Aspect --- p.212Chapter 6.1.3 --- Conservation Practice --- p.213Chapter 6.2 --- Research Contributions and Limitations --- p.214Chapter 6.3 --- Further Research --- p.215REFERENCES --- p.21

the Interitance and Transformation of Traditional Huizhou Elements into New Forms: Redesigning Lu Village

The hardest part in the preservation of traditional culture is the inheritance of its spiritual meaning. Therefore, it is important to adhere to the creation of regional architecture through the interpretation of local environment and climate, ethnic culture and architecture influenced by traditional philosophies. In the context of global acculturation, it is necessary to revitalize domestic architectural expression by promoting the fusion of world culture and local traditional culture. The historic Huizhou region lies in what is now Anhui province. With all the tangible and intangible cultural heritage it bestows, it is not only one of the many cultural treasures of China, but also provides possible inspiration for modern architectural design. Therefore, by research of Huizhou area, this thesis defines the hidden order as well as the ethic and spiritual connotations of traditional culture and architecture of Huizhou by examining the intangible cultural factors affecting architecture. The ultimate goal is to apply these interpretations of intangible cultural heritage hidden behind the tangible cultural heritage to a contemporary architectural expression in Huizhou in addition to preserving existing historical buildings. After the research part, the Section 2 demonstrates preservation and redesign of a particular case in Huizhou, namely the Lu Village. By exploring the tangible and intangible characteristics of Lu Village, the aim is to find the harmonious relationship between past, present and future. Therefore, the rehabilitation and redevelopment plan of Lu Village is based on the discussion on Huizhou in general (section1) and special features of Lu Village in order to preserve old when appropriate and to design new in accordance to the spirit of place, and to improve the living conditions which ensures life of future generation

Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

A Special Issue of the international journal Sustainability under the section Sustainability of Culture & Heritage has been made, entitled Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The bridge between science/technology and the humanities (archaeology, anthropology, history of art, and cultural heritage) has formed a well-established interdisciplinary subject with several sub-disciplines; it is growing exponentially, spurred by the fast development of technology in other fields (space exploration, medical, military, and industrial applications). On the other hand, art and culture struggle to survive due to neglect, lack of funding, or the dangers of events such as natural disasters and war. This volume strengthens and exerts the documentation of the sustainability of the issue that arises from the outcome of resulting research and the application of such a duality link. The sustainable dimension emerges from society, education, and economics through the impact of cultural growth, all of which produce a balanced society, in which prosperity, harmony, and development are merged at a sustainable local/regional/national/social level. A wide range of subjects linking the applied natural sciences with archaeology and the cultural heritage of innovative research and applications are presented in this volume

WSN based sensing model for smart crowd movement with identification: a conceptual model

With the advancement of IT and increase in world population rate, Crowd Management (CM) has become a subject undergoing intense study among researchers. Technology provides fast and easily available means of transport and, up-to-date information access to the people that causes crowd at public places. This imposes a big challenge for crowd safety and security at public places such as airports, railway stations and check points. For example, the crowd of pilgrims during Hajj and Ummrah while crossing the borders of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To minimize the risk of such crowd safety and security identification and verification of people is necessary which causes unwanted increment in processing time. It is observed that managing crowd during specific time period (Hajj and Ummrah) with identification and verification is a challenge. At present, many advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) are being used to solve the crowed management problem with minimal processing time. In this paper, we have presented a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based conceptual model for smart crowd movement with minimal processing time for people identification. This handles the crowd by forming groups and provides proactive support to handle them in organized manner. As a result, crowd can be managed to move safely from one place to another with group identification. The group identification minimizes the processing time and move the crowd in smart way

Early Film Culture in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Republican China: Kaleidoscopic Histories

This volume features new work on cinema in early twentieth-century Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Republican China. Looking beyond relatively well-studied cities like Shanghai, these essays foreground cinema’s relationship with imperialism and colonialism and emphasize the rapid development of cinema as a sociocultural institution. These essays examine where films were screened; how cinema-going as a social activity adapted from and integrated with existing social norms and practices; the extent to which Cantonese opera and other regional performance traditions were models for the development of cinematic conventions; the role foreign films played in the development of cinema as an industry in the Republican era; and much more

Urban development and retail structure in Beijing

The purpose of this study was to examine the evolutionary processes of the urban structure and retail pattern in Beijing as the city was transformed from a traditional national capital, through a socialist political centre, to a modern metropolis. The understanding of the processes will allow us to comment on the existing models of Third World urban development. While a theoretical framework was put forward to establish the relationships among the political-economic-social fabrics, urban development and retail structure, analyses were made involving factors at three levels to interpret the spatial processes of urban functions and retail structure reorganization. The study revealed that urban development in Beijing has shown three distinctive stages. Each stage had its prevailing factors, resulting in different forms of urban development. Beijing was originally built according to the concept of traditional Chinese capital city design. During the socialist period, the city was transformed toward egalitarianism in the practices of socialist ideology, planned industrialization, and social controls. Since the late 1970s, the reform and open-door policies have been generating new economic and social forces that have reshaped Beijing's urban development. As a result, competitions and transformations among urban functions caused by the new forces have led to a series of spatial processes in the city. Along with urban expansion, population increased rapidly in the outer zone of the city, with concomitant depopulation in the inner city. As in other Third World cities, temporary residents/immigrants increased significantly in Beijing, forming peasant enclaves in the urban fringe areas. Industrial plants were also relocated from the inner urban districts to the industry tracts in the outer regions. The establishment of development zones and industrial parks in the suburbs also changed the industrial landscape in the city. Meanwhile, several major business centres have been developed, among which the most spectacular are the emerging CBD in the city's east and the Financial Street in the city's west. Based on these processes, a dynamic urban structure model for the Chinese city was derived. The spatial retail pattern in Beijing over the dynasties was basically dictated by the city layout and its social structure. It evolved from a mono-centre to a bipolar structure and was explicable with the central place theory. The existence of the socialist retailing in the city was a result of its centrally-planned system. Since the reforms urban development has resulted in significant changes in the transportation network and the distribution of market factors, which eventually led to the emergence of a multi-centre retail pattern. While the relics of the former administrative structure attempted to form 'urban realms' of retail activities in the city, major new retail establishments tend to comfort to the 'interceptor ring model'. In essence, Beijing's contemporary retail structure represents a mixture of models based on both the planned system of the past and the prevailing market forces, even though the influence by the latter is growing

Representing the Daoist God Zhenwu, the Perfected Warrior, in Late Imperial China

Zhenwu, the Perfected Warrior, emerged as an anthropomorphic deity in the early Northern Song (960-1126) and reached the peak of his popularity in the Ming (1368-1644). Prior to this time he was known as Xuanwu, the Dark Warrior, and appeared as a tortoise entwined with a snake. Widely varying representations of this Daoist god, one of the most prominent in the Daoist pantheon, coexisted throughout the Song and later history of his cult. Different images fashioned to serve different audiences reveal the wide social range of Zhenwu believers and shifting beliefs about the god's powers. Literary evidence combines with the ubiquitous pictorial and three-dimensional images to demonstrate Zhenwu's pervasive presence in the religious and cultural landscape. A scripture, sets of ritual scrolls, pictorial stele, cave temple, and an album depicting a corps of thunder marshals affiliate Zhenwu with the Daoist Thunder Department and with certain of its members, notably the Four Saints (si sheng). Zhenwu also appears in Daoist and Buddhist assembly paintings, murals and scroll sets, linked to performances of the huanglu zhai [purgation rite of the yellow register] and the shuilu fahui [rite for deliverance of creatures of water and land]. Fervent Yuan and Ming imperial patronage of the god's home, Mt. Wudang, gives evidence of Zhenwu's emergence as an independent deity with a cadre of assistant martial divinities. Many Ming statues represent his role as a tutelary god and his participation in the pantheon of Chinese popular religion. Ming illustrations of his hagiography in a woodblock-printed collection of stories, a canonical Daoist scripture, a painted album, a complex piece of sculpture, and an edition of the vernacular novel Beiyou ji [Journey to the North] indicate the appeal of specific episodes of his life story and show how they were adapted for different audiences. Through interdisciplinary analysis of the literary, historical, social, and religious contexts of key Zhenwu images, this case study demonstrates the extent to which Daoist imagery permeated the visual culture of late imperial China

Research and Creative Activity, July 1, 2020-June 30, 2021: Major Sponsored Programs and Faculty Accomplishments in Research and Creative Activity, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Foreword by Bob Wilhelm, Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln: This booklet highlights successes in research, scholarship and creative activity by University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty during the fiscal year running July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. It lists investigators, project titles and funding sources on major grants and sponsored awards received during the year; fellowships and other recognitions and honors bestowed on our faculty; books and chapters published by faculty; performances, exhibitions and other examples of creative activity; patents and licensing agreements issued; National Science Foundation I-CORPS teams; and peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations. In recognition of the important role faculty have in the undergraduate experience at Nebraska, this booklet notes the students and mentors participating in the Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experience (UCARE) and the First-Year Research Experience (FYRE) programs. While metrics cannot convey the full impact of our work, they are tangible measures of growth. A few achievements of note: • UNL achieved a record $320 million in total research expenditures in FY 2020, a 43• Our faculty earned 1,508 sponsored research awards in FY 2020. University-sponsored industry activity also spurred economic growth for Nebraska. • Nebraska Innovation Campus created 1,948 jobs statewide and had a total economic impact of$372 million. • Industry sponsorship supported $19.2 million in research expenditures. • NUtech Ventures brought in$6.48 million in licensing income. I applaud the Nebraska Research community for its determination and commitment during a challenging year. Your hard work has made it possible for our momentum to continue growing. Our university is poised for even greater success. The Grand Challenges initiative provides a framework for developing bold ideas to solve society’s greatest issues, which is how we will have the greatest impact as an institution. Please visit research.unl.edu/grandchallenges to learn more. We’re also renewing our campus commitment to a journey of anti-racism and racial equity, which is among the most important work we’ll do. I am pleased to present this record of accomplishments. Contents Awards of $5 Million or More Awards of$1 Million to $4,999,999 Awards of$250,000 to $999,999 50 Early Career Awards Arts and Humanities Awards of$250,000 or More Arts and Humanities Awards of $50,000 to$249,999 Arts and Humanities Awards of $5,000 to$49,999 Patents License Agreements National Science Foundation Innovation Corps Teams Creative Activity Books Recognitions and Honors Journal Articles 105 Conference Presentations UCARE and FYRE Projects Glossar