Quantization Watermarking for Joint Compression and Data Hiding Schemes

International audienceEnrichment and protection of JPEG2000 images is an important issue. Data hiding techniques are a good solution to solve these problems. In this context, we can consider the joint approach to introduce data hiding technique into JPEG2000 coding pipeline. Data hiding consists of imperceptibly altering multimedia content, to convey some information. This process is done in such a way that the hidden data is not perceptible to an observer. Digital watermarking is one type of data hiding. In addition to the imperceptibility and payload constraints, the watermark should be robust against a variety of manipulations or attacks. We focus on trellis coded quantization (TCQ) data hiding techniques and propose two JPEG2000 compression and data hiding schemes. The properties of TCQ quantization, defined in JPEG2000 part 2, are used to perform quantization and information embedding during the same time. The first scheme is designed for content description and management applications with the objective of achieving high payloads. The compression rate/imperceptibility/payload trade off is our main concern. The second joint scheme has been developed for robust watermarking and can have consequently many applications. We achieve the better imperceptibility/robustness trade off in the context of JPEG2000 compression. We provide some experimental results on the implementation of these two schemes

Schémas de tatouage d'images, schémas de tatouage conjoint à la compression, et schémas de dissimulation de données

In this manuscript we address data-hiding in images and videos. Specifically we address robust watermarking for images, robust watermarking jointly with compression, and finally non robust data-hiding.The first part of the manuscript deals with high-rate robust watermarking. After having briefly recalled the concept of informed watermarking, we study the two major watermarking families : trellis-based watermarking and quantized-based watermarking. We propose, firstly to reduce the computational complexity of the trellis-based watermarking, with a rotation based embedding, and secondly to introduce a trellis-based quantization in a watermarking system based on quantization.The second part of the manuscript addresses the problem of watermarking jointly with a JPEG2000 compression step or an H.264 compression step. The quantization step and the watermarking step are achieved simultaneously, so that these two steps do not fight against each other. Watermarking in JPEG2000 is achieved by using the trellis quantization from the part 2 of the standard. Watermarking in H.264 is performed on the fly, after the quantization stage, choosing the best prediction through the process of rate-distortion optimization. We also propose to integrate a Tardos code to build an application for traitors tracing.The last part of the manuscript describes the different mechanisms of color hiding in a grayscale image. We propose two approaches based on hiding a color palette in its index image. The first approach relies on the optimization of an energetic function to get a decomposition of the color image allowing an easy embedding. The second approach consists in quickly obtaining a color palette of larger size and then in embedding it in a reversible way.Dans ce manuscrit nous abordons l’insertion de données dans les images et les vidéos. Plus particulièrement nous traitons du tatouage robuste dans les images, du tatouage robuste conjointement à la compression et enfin de l’insertion de données (non robuste).La première partie du manuscrit traite du tatouage robuste à haute capacité. Après avoir brièvement rappelé le concept de tatouage informé, nous étudions les deux principales familles de tatouage : le tatouage basé treillis et le tatouage basé quantification. Nous proposons d’une part de réduire la complexité calculatoire du tatouage basé treillis par une approche d’insertion par rotation, ainsi que d’autre part d’introduire une approche par quantification basée treillis au seind’un système de tatouage basé quantification.La deuxième partie du manuscrit aborde la problématique de tatouage conjointement à la phase de compression par JPEG2000 ou par H.264. L’idée consiste à faire en même temps l’étape de quantification et l’étape de tatouage, de sorte que ces deux étapes ne « luttent pas » l’une contre l’autre. Le tatouage au sein de JPEG2000 est effectué en détournant l’utilisation de la quantification basée treillis de la partie 2 du standard. Le tatouage au sein de H.264 est effectué à la volée, après la phase de quantification, en choisissant la meilleure prédiction via le processus d’optimisation débit-distorsion. Nous proposons également d’intégrer un code de Tardos pour construire une application de traçage de traîtres.La dernière partie du manuscrit décrit les différents mécanismes de dissimulation d’une information couleur au sein d’une image en niveaux de gris. Nous proposons deux approches reposant sur la dissimulation d’une palette couleur dans son image d’index. La première approche consiste à modéliser le problème puis à l’optimiser afin d’avoir une bonne décomposition de l’image couleur ainsi qu’une insertion aisée. La seconde approche consiste à obtenir, de manière rapide et sûre, une palette de plus grande dimension puis à l’insérer de manière réversible

The JPEG2000 still image coding system: An overview

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEG2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide features and functionalities that current standards can either not address efficiently or in many cases cannot address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, embedded lossy to lossless coding, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, color facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and E-commerce

Digitale Wasserzeichenverfahren zur Überprüfung der Echtheit von Bildern

Die Dissertation liefert einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Wasserzeichensystemen zur manipulationssicheren Überprüfung der Echtheit von Bildern. In den Prozess einer JPEG2000-Bildkompression integriert wird ein an den Bildinhalt angepasstes Wasserzeichen nicht-wahrnehmbar ein­gebettet. Es ist robust gegenüber einer breiten Auswahl erlaubter Bildoperatio­nen, wie Kompression des Bildes, Helligkeits- und Kontrastände­rungen, Filterung, Bildschärfun­g sowie Skalierung der Bildgröße. Die Arbeit beinhaltet zudem umfangreiche Untersuchungen, Erweiterungen und Vergleiche mit Verfahren anderer Autoren

Digitale Wasserzeichenverfahren zur Überprüfung der Echtheit von Bildern

Die Dissertation liefert einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Wasserzeichensystemen zur manipulationssicheren Überprüfung der Echtheit von Bildern. In den Prozess einer JPEG2000-Bildkompression integriert wird ein an den Bildinhalt angepasstes Wasserzeichen nicht-wahrnehmbar ein­gebettet. Es ist robust gegenüber einer breiten Auswahl erlaubter Bildoperatio­nen, wie Kompression des Bildes, Helligkeits- und Kontrastände­rungen, Filterung, Bildschärfun­g sowie Skalierung der Bildgröße. Die Arbeit beinhaltet zudem umfangreiche Untersuchungen, Erweiterungen und Vergleiche mit Verfahren anderer Autoren

Source-channel coding for robust image transmission and for dirty-paper coding

In this dissertation, we studied two seemingly uncorrelated, but conceptually related problems in terms of source-channel coding: 1) wireless image transmission and 2) Costa ("dirty-paper") code design. In the first part of the dissertation, we consider progressive image transmission over a wireless system employing space-time coded OFDM. The space-time coded OFDM system based on a newly built broadband MIMO fading model is theoretically evaluated by assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver for coherent detection. Then an adaptive modulation scheme is proposed to pick the constellation size that offers the best reconstructed image quality for each average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A more practical scenario is also considered without the assumption of perfect CSI. We employ low-complexity decision-feedback decoding for differentially space- time coded OFDM systems to exploit transmitter diversity. For JSCC, we adopt a product channel code structure that is proven to provide powerful error protection and bursty error correction. To further improve the system performance, we also apply the powerful iterative (turbo) coding techniques and propose the iterative decoding of differentially space-time coded multiple descriptions of images. The second part of the dissertation deals with practical dirty-paper code designs. We first invoke an information-theoretical interpretation of algebraic binning and motivate the code design guidelines in terms of source-channel coding. Then two dirty-paper code designs are proposed. The first is a nested turbo construction based on soft-output trellis-coded quantization (SOTCQ) for source coding and turbo trellis- coded modulation (TTCM) for channel coding. A novel procedure is devised to balance the dimensionalities of the equivalent lattice codes corresponding to SOTCQ and TTCM. The second dirty-paper code design employs TCQ and IRA codes for near-capacity performance. This is done by synergistically combining TCQ with IRA codes so that they work together as well as they do individually. Our TCQ/IRA design approaches the dirty-paper capacity limit at the low rate regime (e.g., < 1:0 bit/sample), while our nested SOTCQ/TTCM scheme provides the best performs so far at medium-to-high rates (e.g., >= 1:0 bit/sample). Thus the two proposed practical code designs are complementary to each other

Esquemas de watermarking semifrágil para la protección de imágenes de obtención remota

La flexibilidad de la transmisión de la información y los reducidos precios de los dispositivos digitales hacen posible que la gran mayoría de personas tengan acceso a reproducir, editar e intercambiar todo tipo de contenidos multimedia. La Red permite que los contenidos se puedan transmitir sin ningún problema y la redistribución se realiza sin pérdida de calidad alguna. La facilidad con la que se puede modificar un contenido y la distribución sin permiso de este han contribuido a que la protección del contenido y la prevención de las manipulaciones se hayan convertido en una importante área de investigación. Esto hace que las técnicas de protección de contenidos digitales y, entre ellas, las técnicas de watermarking sean de gran importancia para proteger los derechos de autor o para autenticar el contenido.The flexibility of content transmission and the low prices of digital players make it possible for that vast majority of people to play, edit and exchange all kinds of multimedia contents. The Internet allows that all these contents are transmitted without effort and redistribution can be performed without any kind of quality loss. The easiness to modify contents and the unauthorised distribution of them have contributed to the development of content protection and tampering prevention as relevant research topics. Because of this, digital content protection techniques and, among them, watermarking systems have become suitable strategies for copyright protection and content authentication.La flexibilitat de la transmissió de la informació i els preus reduïts dels dispositius digitals fan possible que la gran majoria de persones tinguin accés a reproduir, editar i intercanviar tot tipus de continguts multimèdia. La Xarxa permet que els continguts es puguin transmetre sense cap problema i la redistribució es realitza sense cap pèrdua de qualitat. La facilitat amb què es pot modificar un contingut i la distribució sense permís d'aquest han contribuït a fer que la protecció del contingut i la prevenció de les manipulacions s'hagin convertit en una important àrea de recerca. Això fa que les tècniques de protecció de continguts digitals i, entre elles, les tècniques de watermarking siguin de gran importància per protegir els drets d’autor o per autenticar el contingut.Societat de la informació i el coneixemen

Distributed Source Coding Techniques for Lossless Compression of Hyperspectral Images

This paper deals with the application of distributed source coding (DSC) theory to remote sensing image compression. Although DSC exhibits a significant potential in many application fields, up till now the results obtained on real signals fall short of the theoretical bounds, and often impose additional system-level constraints. The objective of this paper is to assess the potential of DSC for lossless image compression carried out onboard a remote platform. We first provide a brief overview of DSC of correlated information sources. We then focus on onboard lossless image compression, and apply DSC techniques in order to reduce the complexity of the onboard encoder, at the expense of the decoder's, by exploiting the correlation of different bands of a hyperspectral dataset. Specifically, we propose two different compression schemes, one based on powerful binary error-correcting codes employed as source codes, and one based on simpler multilevel coset codes. The performance of both schemes is evaluated on a few AVIRIS scenes, and is compared with other state-of-the-art 2D and 3D coders. Both schemes turn out to achieve competitive compression performance, and one of them also has reduced complexity. Based on these results, we highlight the main issues that are still to be solved to further improve the performance of DSC-based remote sensing systems

The JPEG2000 still image compression standard

The development of standards (emerging and established) by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for audio, image, and video, for both transmission and storage, has led to worldwide activity in developing hardware and software systems and products applicable to a number of diverse disciplines [7], [22], [23], [55], [56], [73]. Although the standards implicitly address the basic encoding operations, there is freedom and flexibility in the actual design and development of devices. This is because only the syntax and semantics of the bit stream for decoding are specified by standards, their main objective being the compatibility and interoperability among the systems (hardware/software) manufactured by different companies. There is, thus, much room for innovation and ingenuity. Since the mid 1980s, members from both the ITU and the ISO have been working together to establish a joint international standard for the compression of grayscale and color still images. This effort has been known as JPEG, the Join

The JPEG 2000 still image compression standard

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed, the JPEC2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide features and functionalities that current standards can either not address efficiently or in many cases cannot address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, embedded lossy to lossless coding, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, color facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and E-commerce