Editor's Introduction

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

A PROTOCOL OR A SET OF STANDARDS TO GUIDE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH

This article examines some difficult decisions that agricultural economists must confront in doing research. Over many years, rules and standards have developed in agricultural economics that guide researchers, providing an underlying framework for research methods. This article deals with applying these seldom discussed guidelines to specific research situations confronted by agricultural economists. With this article, we hope to stimulate a dialogue among agricultural economists about the need for additional, appropriate methodological guidelines in agricultural economics research.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Occupational Stress of Working Women in a Specific Culture

The occupational stress of the working-woman in a specific orthodox socio-cultural milieu and the effects of personality traits, which are considered as preventive, protective as well as assailing factors, that influence the stress in the workplace, is now a burning issue in organizational sectors. Thus the study sought to examine the relationship of personality attributes on the management of occupational role stress in the working woman(N=550) from 11 occupational groups varying in age, level of employment and working hours in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. For each subject, data were collected on 10 measures of occupational stress, 4 measures of coping resources, and 5 measures of big five personality traits by using Occupational Stress Inventory-R and NEO Personality Inventory-3. Findings of the study revealed that four groups of women employees, namely police professionals, bureaucrats, corporate engineers and employees in the unorganized sector, have both strong maladaptive role stress as well as psychological stress and strain. Bank employees and Government Engineers have mild maladaptive role stress and psychological stress and strain. All other groups namely, doctors, nurses, administrative staff, school-teachers, and college teachers have both normal adaptive role stress and psychological stress and strain. It was concluded that occupational stress and the coping resources of women employees were significantly influenced by their types of jobs, and factors of individual differences. Each of the Big Five Personality Traits have significant influence on occupational stress and coping resources of the employees. While four of the traits namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness helped to control and manage occupational stress by enhancing coping resources. Neuroticism increased the stress and decreased coping resources. The study implicates - exploring, prohibiting and managing the cause and effect relationship of occupational role stress of women in a workplace situation

Mental representation and motor imagery training

Schack T, Essig K, Frank C, Koester D. Mental representation and motor imagery training. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2014;8(328):1-10.Research in sports, dance and rehabilitation has shown that basic action concepts (BACs) are fundamental building blocks of mental action representations. BACs are based on chunked body postures related to common functions for realizing action goals. In this paper, we outline issues in research methodology and an experimental method, the structural dimensional analysis of mental representation (SDA-M), to assess action-relevant representational structures that reflect the organization of BACs. The SDA-M reveals a strong relationship between cognitive representation and performance if complex actions are performed. We show how the SDA-M can improve motor imagery training and how it contributes to our understanding of coaching processes. The SDA-M capitalizes on the objective measurement of individual mental movement representations before training and the integration of these results into the motor imagery training. Such motor imagery training based on mental representations (MTMR) has been applied successfully in professional sports such as golf, volleyball, gymnastics, windsurfing, and recently in the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke

Difference Between the Power Consumption Rate of Pre-Paid and Post-Payment Customers: 900 Volt Ampere

Both the pre-paid KWH meter and the KWH meter after payment are instruments that PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero), also often abbreviated PLN, uses to determine the printing number of KWH meters used by energy users. There is a problem with smart meters in society; many still have doubts about using them because they are thought to be more expensive. In the village of Alue Ie Mameh, the study is to determine the extent of variation in electricity consumption and the computation of electricity prices for pre-paid and post-payment clients over the course of a month of use. The mix method is the strategy. Ten pre-paid consumers and ten post-payment customers were polled by Objects. In the village of Mameh, post-paying customers use more electricity than pre-paid customers do. The longest-running electrical device used by residents of Alue Ie Mameh is their refrigerator, which operates around the clock