I'm sorry to say, but your understanding of image processing fundamentals is absolutely wrong

The ongoing discussion whether modern vision systems have to be viewed as visually-enabled cognitive systems or cognitively-enabled vision systems is groundless, because perceptual and cognitive faculties of vision are separate components of human (and consequently, artificial) information processing system modeling.Comment: To be published as chapter 5 in "Frontiers in Brain, Vision and AI", I-TECH Publisher, Viena, 200

Extending the 5S Framework of Digital Libraries to support Complex Objects, Superimposed Information, and Content-Based Image Retrieval Services

Advanced services in digital libraries (DLs) have been developed and widely used to address the required capabilities of an assortment of systems as DLs expand into diverse application domains. These systems may require support for images (e.g., Content-Based Image Retrieval), Complex (information) Objects, and use of content at fine grain (e.g., Superimposed Information). Due to the lack of consensus on precise theoretical definitions for those services, implementation efforts often involve ad hoc development, leading to duplication and interoperability problems. This article presents a methodology to address those problems by extending a precisely specified minimal digital library (in the 5S framework) with formal definitions of aforementioned services. The theoretical extensions of digital library functionality presented here are reinforced with practical case studies as well as scenarios for the individual and integrative use of services to balance theory and practice. This methodology has implications that other advanced services can be continuously integrated into our current extended framework whenever they are identified. The theoretical definitions and case study we present may impact future development efforts and a wide range of digital library researchers, designers, and developers

Report on the Information Retrieval Festival (IRFest2017)

The Information Retrieval Festival took place in April 2017 in Glasgow. The focus of the workshop was to bring together IR researchers from the various Scottish universities and beyond in order to facilitate more awareness, increased interaction and reflection on the status of the field and its future. The program included an industry session, research talks, demos and posters as well as two keynotes. The first keynote was delivered by Prof. Jaana Kekalenien, who provided a historical, critical reflection of realism in Interactive Information Retrieval Experimentation, while the second keynote was delivered by Prof. Maarten de Rijke, who argued for more Artificial Intelligence usage in IR solutions and deployments. The workshop was followed by a "Tour de Scotland" where delegates were taken from Glasgow to Aberdeen for the European Conference in Information Retrieval (ECIR 2017

Image Perception

n/

Information discovery using search by image: applications in the humanities

This contribution deals with searching and finding information by using an image as query on the internet and WWW. The overview covers available systems, limitations of their power, and enabling underlying technologies, but the emphasis is on applications in humanities. The audience is motivated and enabled to apply this relatively new method to discover information and to support other potential users. Keywords : Reverse image search, search by image, information discovery, internet, Googl

60 років базам даних (заключна частина)

Наводиться огляд досліджень і розробок баз даних із моменту їх виникнення в 60-х роках минулого століття і по сьогодні. Виділяються наступні етапи: виникнення і становлення, бурхливий розвиток, епоха реляційних баз даних, розширені реляційні бази даних, постреляційні бази даних і великі дані. На етапі становлення описуються системи IDS, IMS, Total і Adabas. На етапі бурхливого розвитку висвітлені питання архітектури баз даних ANSI/X3/SPARC, пропозицій КОДАСИЛ, концепції і мов концептуального моделювання. На етапі епохи реляційних баз даних розкриваються результати наукової діяльності Е. Кодда, теорія залежностей і нормальних форм, мови запитів, експериментальні дослідження і розробки, оптимізація та стандартизація, управління транзакціями. Етап розширених реляційних баз даних присвячений опису темпоральних, просторових, дедуктивних, активних, об’єктних, розподілених та статистичних баз даних, баз даних масивів, машин баз даних і сховищ даних. На наступному етапі розкрита проблематика постреляційних баз даних, а саме: NOSQL, ключ-значення, стовпчикові, документні, графові, NewSQL, онтологічні. Шостий етап присвячений розкриттю при- чин виникнення, характерних властивостей, класифікації, принципів роботи, методів і технологій великих даних. Нарешті, в останньому із розділів подається короткий огляд досліджень і розробок баз даних у Радянському СоюзіThe article provides an overview of research and development of databases since their appearance in the 60s of the last century to the present time. The following stages are distinguished: the emergence formation and rapid development, the era of relational databases, extended relational databases, post-relational databases and big data. At the stage of formation, the systems IDS, IMS, Total and Adabas are described. At the stage of rapid development, issues of ANSI/X3/ SPARC database architecture, CODASYL proposals, concepts and languages of conceptual modeling are highlighted. At the stage of the era of relational databases, the results of E. Codd’s scientific activities, the theory of dependencies and normal forms, query languages, experimental research and development, optimization and standardization, and transaction management are revealed. The extended relational databases phase is devoted to describing temporal, spatial, deductive, active, object, distributed and statistical databases, array databases, and database machines and data warehouses. At the next stage, the problems of post-relational databases are disclosed, namely, NOSQL-, NewSQL- and ontological databases. The sixth stage is devoted to the disclosure of the causes of occurrence, characteristic properties, classification, principles of work, methods and technologies of big data. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of database research and development in the Soviet Union

Security, Trust and Privacy in Cyber (STPCyber): Future trends and challenges

© 2020 Today's world experiences massively interconnected devices to share information across variety of platforms between traditional computers (machines), Smart IoT devices used across smart homes, smart interconnected vehicles etc. and of course the social networks apps such as Facebook, Linkdn, twitter etc. We experience the growth has been skyrocketing and the trend will continue exponentially to the future. At one end, we find life becomes easier with such developments and at the other end; we experience more and more cyber threats on our privacy, security and trustworthiness with organizations holding our data. In this special issue, we summarize contributions by authors in advanced topics related to security, trust and privacy based on a range of applications and present a selection of the most recent research efforts in these areas

Selecting and tailoring of images for online news content: a mixed-methods investigation of the needs and behaviour of image users in online journalism

This mixed-methods investigation explores how image professionals in online journalism search for, select and use images from large online collections. Further, findings from this exploration are used to devise and evaluate a needs-based practical solution for improvement to image retrieval. The exploratory stage included semi-structured interviews and observations in situ and provided several important contributions to the current understanding of the needs and behaviour of image users in fully disintermediated environment of the online newsroom. This study found that these image users are creative professionals and self-taught, yet, confident image searchers. When illustrating news content, they apply a shared knowledge of how a specific image function (e.g., dominant image) must be presented visually to reach its full communication potential. This common understanding of image communicative functions has two implications on how these professionals search for and select images. Firstly, they begin searches with clear image needs pre-defined on multiple levels of image description, including visual image features, and their behaviour is consistent with targeted searching. This contradicts previously reported preference for browsing as the typical mode of searching in online image collections. Secondly, they do not easily compromise on image needs related to visual features. When searches prove ineffective, they resort to editing skills and tailor the available images to match their original needs. Further, it was found that the choice of images for headline content can in fact be predicted by a set of 11 visual image features. The features were extracted from a collection of artefacts created in the observation sessions and described by means of the Visual Social Semiotics (VSS) framework. The feature set was implemented as a filtering mechanism in a prototype and evaluated in a within-subjects experimental design study with image professionals. This experiment showed a significant positive change in the behaviour of users when interacting with images pre-filtered strictly to their visual needs, not observed in the baseline system. This was demonstrated through users’ ability to immediately engage in the inspection of images on a level of detail, and to make straightforward selections. Images from the experimental sets required no or only minimal tailoring as confirmed in the final VSS-based survey with independent image experts. Other important contributions of this investigation include the updated models. Firstly, the illustration task process framework, originally proposed in Markkula and Sormunen (2000), has been refined to include the image tailoring phase where creative professionals apply editorial treatment before publication. Further, the observations revealed that verifying of images, consistent with the feature in Ellis et al.’s model (Ellis et al., 1993), was an activity critical to making selection decision in online journalism. Therefore, Conniss et al.’s model of the image searching process (Conniss et al., 2000) has been updated to include the verifying phase. The investigation concludes that in order to meet the needs of creative image professionals in online journalism, image retrieval systems must support targeted searching, and facilitate direct access to required images that can be easily verified for authenticity. The proposed multi-feature filtering system firmly rooted in the image users’ needs, appears to be a step towards automating image retrieval