Sir Francis Bacon and the Geological Society of London

The historical relationship between Francis Bacon and his method of interpreting nature, the Royal Society of London and the Geological Society of London is reviewed. The Baconian method is described, its deficiencies noted and the fact that both the foundational work for geology and Darwinian evolution has slipped between the cracks of the Baconian method explained

Interpreting Nature in Australia Through Poetry: A Personal Anthology Written Within the Erosion Caldera of Northern New South

My Independent Study Project (ISP) involved traveling within the erosion caldera of northern New South Wales, mainly WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) and writing environmental poetry about the places where I lived and worked. I began by researching past Australian environmental poets so that I could have a strong basic understanding before commencing my own writing. I lived in four different locations within the erosion caldera and strove to form a strong sense of place that is reflected in my poetry. Ultimately, I produced an anthology of poems that capture my responses to the natural environments that I experienced. This project was important to do because I interpret my surroundings by writing about them and the process of writing environmental poetry led me to form a deep connection with nature. I hope to communicate the bonding I formed with the natural environment by sharing with others the poems I wrote. For this project, I concentrated on balancing my experiences—working on farms, exploring my natural surroundings, observing nature—with writing poetry about these experiences, which ultimately led to an anthology of nature poems. This anthology of nature poems documents my changing relationship with my environment and thus illustrates the deep connection I formed with nature

Social representations theory and critical: Constructionism: Insights from Caillaud's article

he aim of this paper is to highlight therole that Social Representations Theory (SRT) could play in the debate on the criticalpotential of social constructionist perspectives. Wedraw upon some of the arguments raised by Caillaud (this issue), mainly concerning such a sensitive topic as environmental issues, to highlightsomecrucial points of that debate. As is well known, one of the goals of the social constructionist movement has been to takea more critical stance towards taken-for-granted knowledge (Gergen,1985; Burr,1995). It aimsto show that our understanding of the world is by no means neutral or value-free;it is instead the result of historical and cultural specificities, which operate ideologically. In this vein, the social constructionist approach raises the question of social transformation and emancipation, as well as the problems of power and social inequality, in close consonance with the scope of the more general critical approach in psychology (Tolman&Maiers, 1991)

Henri Matisse’s Ecrits et propos sur l’art. A phenomenological inquiry on nature, feeling and origin

Through a phenomenological reading of Henri Matisse’s Ecrits et propos sur l’art the paper analyzes in their mutual connection the themes of nature, feeling and origin in relation to the Artist’s works (in particular the ones of the Fauvist period) and to his own reflection on art. Interpreting nature through feeling is something more than a solipsistic glance on reality linked to private emotions, it is, according to M. Merleau-Ponty’s theory of perception and expression, a way to create symbols of the living unity of consciousness and the external world. In conclusion, the paper shows the theme of the origin as Matisse’s pictorial way to meditate on the possibility of artistic creation in its necessary connection with the experience of the lifeworld. The constitutive ground of the lifeworld can only be represented into the effort of pure colors and arabesque to show a meditation on the temporal dimension of the origin in which a new disclosing sense can be expressed

SASTRA HIJAU PENYELAMAT BUMI

Natural conditions are getting worse. Damage to nature is everywhere. The water is no longer clean, the air is dirty, and the environment is no longer green. Unfortunately, human awareness of the preservation of nature is low. In the name of modernization and development, humans take massive actions regardless of their impact on the environment. This habit is considered normal. Now, nature, which is the carrying capacity for human survival, has become a killing force. Two different views, namely anthropocentrism and ecocentrism, are presented in interpreting nature. Green literature is here to campaign for saving the earth. Green literature not only contains beauty, but also brings people to reflect on the greatness and piety of humans towards the environment. The movement to save the environment through green literature is increasingly being echoed. The idea raised in this article is in the form of a green literary literacy movement. Through the green literary literacy movement, the call to love and care for nature is echoed. A noble act in response to increasingly sad natural conditions

The Impact of Systems Thinking as a Construct of Organizational Learning on Competitive Advantage in Kenya’s Oil Marketing Sector

Introduction: Systems thinking has emerged as the convergence point between sciences, a fundamental way of interpreting nature and mastering the ever increasing complexity of the products of human intelligence. Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of systems thinking as a construct of organizational learning on competitive advantage in Kenya’s Oil Marketing Sector. The latent aspects of competitive advantage; organization agility, innovation, barriers to entry, mass customization and inimitability (difficulty to duplicate) were investigated against the independent variable. Methodology: The research design was explanatory, non-contrived and cross-sectional study on Kenya’s oil marketing sector. A sample size of 425 was drawn from oil marketing companies that had a market share above 1% according to the Petroleum Institute of East Africa. Structured questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. Correlation, regression and SEM model were used to analyze the study findings. Findings: The study found that systems thinking significantly predicted competitive advantage which indicated rejection of the null hypothesis. Keywords: Organizational Learning, Systems Thinking, Competitive Advantage, Oil Marketing Sector

Forrest Clingerman, Brian Treanor, Martin Drenthen, and David Utsler (eds.), Interpreting Nature: The Emerging Field of Environmental Hermeneutics

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Equinox Publishing via the DOI in this recordThis is a book review of: Forrest Clingerman, Brian Treanor, Martin Drenthen, and David Utsler (eds.), Interpreting Nature: The Emerging Field of Environmental Hermeneutics (New York: Fordham University Press, 2013), ix + 384pp., $110.00 (cloth), ISBN: 978-0 8232-5425-5

The Role of Protestantism in the Emergence of Modern Science: Critiques of Harrison's Hypothesis

According to Peter Harrison's book The Bible, Protestantism and the Rise of Natural Science modern science came into existence as a result of the emphasis of Protestants on the literal sense of the Scripture, their refusal of the earlier symbolic or allegorical interpretation, and their efforts at fixing the meaning of the biblical text in which each passage was to be ascribed a single and unique meaning. This article tries to summarize the most significant critiques of Harrison's hypothesis and to acknowledge their legitimacy. However, the alternative explanation of the emergence of modern science as a result of disputes over the biblical interpretation and the subsequent discovery of the ambiguous character of the ordinary verbal language is not fully satisfactory either

The Natural History of The Silkewormes and their Flies

Images published with permission of The British Library Board (434.f.10), the Huntington Library and Proquest. Further reproduction is prohibited.Images published with permission of The British Library Board (434.f.10), the Huntington Library and Proquest. Further reproduction is prohibited.Images published with permission of The British Library Board (434.f.10), the Huntington Library and Proquest. Further reproduction is prohibited.Images published with permission of The British Library Board (434.f.10), the Huntington Library and Proquest. Further reproduction is prohibited.This study examines the overlap between natural philosophy and humanist imitation in two works by Thomas Moffet: his reference work Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalum Theatrum (written c.1589) and his poem The Silkewormes, and their Flies (1599). Both works draw extensively on contemporary and classical authors in order to create intertextual collages that look backwards towards the natural unity found in the Garden of Eden. This leads me to argue that The Silkewormes’ compositional style shares more in common with Guillaume de Saluste, Sieur Du Bartas's Sepmaine (1578, 1584) than with Virgilian didactic poetry. I consider throughout Elizabethan notions of authority, composition and originality, and conclude that Silkewormes merits critical attention for its skilful synthesis of diverse material in creating a work appropriate for Mary Herbert and her household at Wilton.Arts and Humanities Research Counci

Interpreting nature: shifts in the presentation and display of taxidermy in contemporary museums in Northern England

Taxidermy is an organised craft which synthesises preserved animal skins with man-made materials to recreate a resemblance of living animals. As products of a cultural practice, displayed and interpreted in museums for the public, taxidermied animals are material manifestations of contingent value judgements. Despite the now widely held view in museum studies that the meanings of museum objects are constructed through their interpretation and reception, and therefore can have a multiplicity of meanings, many museums today continue to present and interpret taxidermied animals as objective species representatives. Although scientific themes continue to be privileged by many museums which maintain natural science as a discrete discipline, various social, ethical and political themes relating to the environment and to relationships between people have become more pronounced in recently redeveloped museums. Using Leeds City Museum, the Great North Museum: Hancock, and Museums Sheffield: Weston Park as case studies, this thesis investigates these changes to trace wider cultural shifts in politics, ethics, education and science. By analysing the frameworks within which museums and their staff operate, this investigation is concerned with the relationship between discourse and social practice in the form of museum exhibitions as a means of creating knowledge. It highlights how the public understanding of the natural world is more mutable than some of the enduring traditions of science may suggest, and how the discourses on science, and the objects through which they are articulated, are subject to cultural shifts which put their meanings in flux. This study is both part of, and a response to, an expanding field in museum studies and material culture studies which re-frames taxidermy objects as culturally contingent and therefore reflective of the subject positions of their makers, and the broader contexts of their making. In collating and investigating a diverse collection of archival material, this study recovers some of taxidermy’s histories, and contributes to the historical discourse on the display and interpretation of museum collections