Design of decorative 3D models: from geodesic ornaments to tangible assemblies

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è sviluppare strumenti utili per creare opere d'arte decorative digitali in 3D. Uno dei processi decorativi più comunemente usati prevede la creazione di pattern decorativi, al fine di abbellire gli oggetti. Questi pattern possono essere dipinti sull'oggetto di base o realizzati con l'applicazione di piccoli elementi decorativi. Tuttavia, la loro realizzazione nei media digitali non è banale. Da un lato, gli utenti esperti possono eseguire manualmente la pittura delle texture o scolpire ogni decorazione, ma questo processo può richiedere ore per produrre un singolo pezzo e deve essere ripetuto da zero per ogni modello da decorare. D'altra parte, gli approcci automatici allo stato dell'arte si basano sull'approssimazione di questi processi con texturing basato su esempi o texturing procedurale, o con sistemi di riproiezione 3D. Tuttavia, questi approcci possono introdurre importanti limiti nei modelli utilizzabili e nella qualità dei risultati. Il nostro lavoro sfrutta invece i recenti progressi e miglioramenti delle prestazioni nel campo dell'elaborazione geometrica per creare modelli decorativi direttamente sulle superfici. Presentiamo una pipeline per i pattern 2D e una per quelli 3D, e dimostriamo come ognuna di esse possa ricreare una vasta gamma di risultati con minime modifiche dei parametri. Inoltre, studiamo la possibilità di creare modelli decorativi tangibili. I pattern 3D generati possono essere stampati in 3D e applicati a oggetti realmente esistenti precedentemente scansionati. Discutiamo anche la creazione di modelli con mattoncini da costruzione, e la possibilità di mescolare mattoncini standard e mattoncini custom stampati in 3D. Ciò consente una rappresentazione precisa indipendentemente da quanto la voxelizzazione sia approssimativa. I principali contributi di questa tesi sono l'implementazione di due diverse pipeline decorative, un approccio euristico alla costruzione con mattoncini e un dataset per testare quest'ultimo.The aim of this thesis is to develop effective tools to create digital decorative 3D artworks. Real-world art often involves the use of decorative patterns to enrich objects. These patterns can be painted on the base or might be realized with the application of small decorative elements. However, their creation in digital media is not trivial. On the one hand, users can manually perform texture paint or sculpt each decoration, in a process that can take hours to produce a single piece and needs to be repeated from the ground up for every model that needs to be decorated. On the other hand, automatic approaches in state of the art rely on approximating these processes with procedural or by-example texturing or with 3D reprojection. However, these approaches can introduce significant limitations in the models that can be used and in the quality of the results. Instead, our work exploits the recent advances and performance improvements in the geometry processing field to create decorative patterns directly on surfaces. We present a pipeline for 2D and one for 3D patterns and demonstrate how each of them can recreate a variety of results with minimal tweaking of the parameters. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of creating decorative tangible models. The 3D patterns we generate can be 3D printed and applied to previously scanned real-world objects. We also discuss the creation of models with standard building bricks and the possibility of mixing standard and custom 3D-printed bricks. This allows for a precise representation regardless of the coarseness of the voxelization. The main contributions of this thesis are the implementation of two different decorative pipelines, a heuristic approach to brick construction, and a dataset to test the latter

PAVEL: Decorative Patterns with Packed Volumetric Elements

Many real-world hand-crafted objects are decorated with elements that are packed onto the object's surface and deformed to cover it as much as possible. Examples are artisanal ceramics and metal jewelry. Inspired by these objects, we present a method to enrich surfaces with packed volumetric decorations. Our algorithm works by first determining the locations in which to add the decorative elements and then removing the non-physical overlap between them while preserving the decoration volume. For the placement, we support several strategies depending on the desired overall motif. To remove the overlap, we use an approach based on implicit deformable models creating the qualitative effect of plastic warping while avoiding expensive and hard-to-control physical simulations. Our decorative elements can be used to enhance virtual surfaces, as well as 3D-printed pieces, by assembling the decorations onto real-surfaces to obtain tangible reproductions.Comment: 11 page

圆组填充算法驱动的平面马赛克模拟

为了生成不规则嵌片排列紧凑的马赛克图案,提出一种基于圆组排列的平面马赛克模拟方法.首先借助嵌片多边形的直骨架得到一组逼近嵌片轮廓的圆;然后以圆半径的平方为权值,在平面上生成关于圆组的Power图,使每组圆各自对应一个Power区域;最后采用松弛法,将圆组在其对应Power区域内尽可能增长到最大.通过不断迭代生成Power图和放大圆组,最后得到嵌片紧凑排列的结果.实验结果表明,该方法得到的马赛克图案有较高的覆盖率,能适应不同嵌片,具有较强的鲁棒性和灵活性.国家自然科学基金(61472332);;福建省自然科学基金(2018J01104);;中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(20720150002

Autocomplete element fields and interactive synthesis system development for aggregate applications.

Aggregate elements are ubiquitous in natural and man-made objects and have played an important role in the application of graphics, design and visualization. However, to efficiently arrange these aggregate elements with varying anisotropy and deformability still remains challenging, in particular in 3D environments. To overcome such a thorny issue, we thus introduce autocomplete element fields, including an element distribution formulation that can effectively cope with diverse output compositions with controllable element distributions in high production standard and efficiency as well as an element field formulation that can smoothly orient all the synthesized elements following given inputs, such as scalar or direction fields. The pro- posed formulations can not only properly synthesize distinct types of aggregate elements across various domain spaces without incorporating any extra process but also directly compute complete element fields from partial specifications without requiring fully specified inputs in any algorithmic step. Furthermore, in order to reduce input workload and enhance output quality for better usability and interactivity, we further develop an interactive synthesis system, centered on the idea of our autocomplete element fields, to facilitate the creation of element aggregations within different output do- mains. Analogous to conventional painting workflows, through a palette- based brushing interface, users can interactively mix and place a few aggregate elements over a brushing canvas and let our system automatically populate more aggregate elements with intended orientations and scales for the rest of outcome. The developed system can empower the users to iteratively design a variety of novel mixtures with reduced workload and enhanced quality under an intuitive and user-friendly brushing workflow with- out the necessity of a great deal of manual labor or technical expertise. We validate our prototype system with a pilot user study and exhibit its application in 2D graphic design, 3D surface collage, and 3D aggregate modeling

PATEX: Exploring Pattern Variations

Patterns play a central role in 2D graphic design. A critical step in the design of patterns is evaluating multiple design alternatives. Exploring these alternatives with existing tools is challenging because most tools force users to work with a single fixed representation of the pattern that encodes a specific set of geometric relationships between pattern elements. However, for most patterns, there are many different interpretations of its regularity that correspond to different design variations. The exponential nature of this variation space makes the problem of finding all variations intractable. We present a method called PATEX to characterize and efficiently identify distinct and valid pattern variations, allowing users to directly navigate the variation space. Technically, we propose a novel linear approximation to handle the complexity of the problem and efficiently enumerate suitable pattern variations under proposed element movements. We also present two pattern editing interfaces that expose the detected pattern variations as suggested edits to the user. We show a diverse collection of pattern edits and variations created with PATEX. The results from our user study indicate that our suggested variations can be useful and inspirational for typical pattern editing tasks