Smart home technology for aging

The majority of the growing population, in the US and the rest of the world requires some degree of formal and or informal care either due to the loss of function or failing health as a result of aging and most of them suffer from chronic disorders. The cost and burden of caring for elders is steadily increasing. This thesis focuses on providing the analysis of the technologies with which a Smart Home is built to improve the quality of life of the elderly. A great deal of emphasis is given to the sensor technologies that are the back bone of these Smart Homes. In addition to the Analysis of these technologies a survey of commercial sensor products and products in research that are concerned with monitoring the health of the occupants of the Smart Home is presented. A brief analysis on the communication technologies which form the communication infrastructure for the Smart Home is also illustrated. Finally, System Architecture for the Smart Home is proposed describing the functionality and users of the system. The feasibility of the system is also discussed. A scenario measuring the blood glucose level of the occupant in a Smart Home is presented as to support the system architecture presented

Smart Home Automation System Using IOT

While the cost of living is going up, there is a growing focus to involve technology to lower those prices. With this in mind the Smart Home research allows the user to build and maintain a house that is smart enough to keep energy levels down while providing more automated applications. This concept can be suitably included to make our house smarter, saver, energy efficient and automated. This research focuses on building a save, automated system by using the internet connection that will smartly control the appliances like Lights, Fan, and other electrical appliances in our home. A smart home will take advantage of its environment and allow seamless control whether the user is present or away. This paper helps in saving the cost of electricity at home as well as saving the environment using wireless connections. With a home that has this advantage, you can know that your home is performing at its best in energy performance. By implementing this system, it is possible to explore a variety of different engineering challenges, including software programming arduino IDE, Wi-Fi, nodemcu, relay module, jumper wires and DC supply power. It can be control through smartphone. With prototype model, standard updates are basically a requirements. However, based on the result, this automation system provides great insights to the challenges of software and hardware design

Development of Wi-Fi based home energy monitoring system for green internet of things

Green Internet of things (IoT) has been heralded as the “next big thing” waiting to be realized in energy-efficient ubiquitous computing. Green IoT revolves around increased machine-to-machine communications and encompasses energy-efficient wireless embedded sensors and actuators that assist in monitoring and controlling home appliances. Energy efficiency in home applications can be achieved by better monitoring of the specific energy consumption by the appliances. There are many wireless standards that can be adopted for the design of such embedded devices in IoT. These communication technologies cater to different requirements and are classified as the short-range and long-range ones. To select the best communication method, this paper surveys various IoT communication technologies and discusses the advantages and disadvantages to develop an energy monitoring system. An IoT device based on the Wi-Fi technology system is developed and tested for usage in the home energy monitoring environment. The performance of this system is then evaluated by the measurement of power consumption metrics. In the efficient deep-sleep mode, the system saves up to 0.3 W per cycle with an average power dissipation of less than 0.1 W/s. Index Terms Energy efficiency, energy monitoring, Internet of things

무선 통신 기반의 스마트 관개 모니터링 시스템

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 기계공학부, 2020. 8. 안성훈.농업은 개발 도상국들의 경제적 중추임에도 불구하고 대부분의 개발 도상국에서는 자동화된 장비나 데이터 모니터링 등의 지능형 시스템이 거의 적용되지 못한 상태에서 인력에 의해 농업의 모든 과정을 수행하고 있다. 관개는 농작물의 생산성에 결정적 영향을 미치는 필수적인 농업 공정중 하나로서, 연중 강우량의 변동에 대한 대응을 위하여 대부분의 농촌지역에는 농업용수 관개 시스템의 구축을 위해 노력하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 인력에 의한 농업 방법에서의 관개 시스템은 스마트 센서를 이용한 모니터링 및 제어 등의 기술적 요소가 적용되지 못하여 효율적인 수자원의 활용이 제한되고 이로 인해 농작물의 생산성 또한 낮은 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 개발 도상국의 농촌 지역에서 적용 가능한 무선통신(RF: Radio Frequency) 기반의 스마트 관개 모니터링 시스템 및 요금 선불 시스템을 제안한다. 본 연구는 탄자니아 아루샤(Arusha) 지역의 응구루도토(Ngurudoto) 마을을 대상으로 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 시스템은 기상 데이터와 토양 수분 데이터를 하이브리드로 분석하여 농업 용수의 소요를 모니터링한다. 하드웨어 시스템은 기상 측정 컨트롤러, 토양 수분 센서, 수류 센서, 솔레노이드 밸브 및 요금 선불 시스템 등으로 구성된다. 시스템의 각 센서는 무선 통신을 통해 서버로 수집된 데이터를 전송하도록 구축되었는데, 이러한 무선 통신 시스템 아키텍처는 인터넷의 운용이 제한되는 네트워크 오지 지역에 적합하도록 설계되었다. 수집된 데이터에 대한 분석 및 예측은 데이터 분석 알고리즘을 통해 수행되는데, 이를 통하여 농장에 용수를 공급할 시기 및 수량과 함께 요구되는 전력량이 자동으로 판단된다. 한편, 선불시스템은 데이터 분석 결과에 기반하여 용수 사용자가 용수를 공급받기 전에 비용을 우선 지불하도록 개발되었다. 본 시스템의 모든 센서에서 수집된 정보는 실시간으로 모니터링되도록 그래픽 기반의 사용자 인터페이스를 활용하여 정보를 제공한다. 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 무선 통신 기반 스마트 관개 모니터링 시스템은 사용자 중심의 편의성과 경제적인 관개 및 모니터링 시스템을 제공하여 개발 도상국의 경제적 기반인 농업 분야의 발전에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠것으로 기대한다.Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of most developing countries. In these countries, agriculture or farming is mostly done manually with little integration of machinery, intelligent systems and data monitoring. Irrigation is an essential process that influences crop production. The fluctuating amount of rainfall per year has led to the adaption of irrigation systems in most farms. This manual type of farming has proved to yield fair results, however, due to the absence of smart sensors monitoring methods and control, it has failed to be a better type of farming and thus leading to low harvests and draining water sources. In this paper, we introduce an RF (Radio Frequency) based Smart Irrigation Meter System and a water prepayment system in rural areas of Tanzania. Specifically, Ngurudoto area in Arusha region where it will be used as a case study for data collection. The proposed system is hybrid, comprising of both weather data (evapotranspiration) and soil moisture data. The architecture of the system has on-site weather measurement controllers, soil moisture sensors buried on the ground, water flow sensors, solenoid valve, and a prepayment system. These sensors send data to the server through wireless RF based communication architecture, which is suitable for areas where the internet is not reliable and, it is interpreted and decisions and predictions are made on the data by our data analysis algorithm. The decisions made are, when to automatically irrigate a farm and the amount of water and the power needed. Then, the user has to pay first before being supplied with water. All these sensors and water usage are monitored in real time and displaying the information on a custom built graphical user interface. The RF-based smart irrigation monitoring system has both economical and social impact on the developing countries' societies by introducing a convenient and affordable means of Irrigation system and autonomous monitoring.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Background of the study and Literature review 3 1.1.Purpose of Research 17 Chapter 3. Requirements and System Design 21 3.1. Key Components 21 3.1.1. System Architecture 21 3.1.2. The Smart Irrigation Meter 22 3.1.2. Parts of Smart Irrigation Meter 23 3.1.3. The pre-paid system and the monitoring device 26 3.2. The Monitoring Application and Cloud Server. 27 Chapter 4. Experiment Setup 30 4.1. Testing Location 30 4.2. Hardware & Software Setup 31 Chapter 5 Results and Analysis 36 5.1 Optimization and anomaly detection algorithm 36 5.1.1 Dynamic Regression Model 36 5.1.2 Nave classifier algorithm for anomaly detection. 38 Chapter 6. Conclusion 44 References 46 초 록 49Maste

Internet of Things: Architecture and Services for Healthcare

Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent prominent collaboration of various technologies that enables spatially distributed devices (“things”) to sense, communicate and share information, thus generating a variety of applications and services in Healthcare. IoT is implemented in multiple domains like Smart city, energy and smart grid, Smart home, weather forecasting, Agriculture, Market and Transportation, Manufacturing and testing industries, Healthcare and many more. IoT serves the purpose of making tasks more efficient and productive and at the same time ensuring quality and reliability. IoT technologies provide an enabling framework for inter-connecting devices, systems, and services that go beyond Machine-to-Machine scenarios within today’s internet infrastructure. Healthcare industry is among the fastest fields to embrace IoT for numerous health services. IoT technologies will enable doctors / physicians / caretakers to be in touch with patients all the time. Various physiological parameters and markers can be monitored on a real-time basis for early detection of serious health symptoms that could endanger the life of patients. Diagnosis of diseases can be more accurate and in time for early treatment which will significantly improve recovery time. Diagnostic medical devices, sensors, and imaging devices that are integrated within the network for building an efficient and real-time system. The market for IoT in the healthcare sector is expected to grow rapidly in terms of connecting hospitals with patients for remote monitoring, emergency care services and remote surgery through augmented virtual reality. This thesis explores advances in IoT- based technologies in the healthcare environment. The thesis presents an architecture that defines a possible reference platform for seamless inter-connectivity between devices and software systems to enable new services. The architecture has multiple layers each of which performs specific functions to enable the realization of novel healthcare services. The thesis provides a comprehensive comparison between different Short range communication technologies, Mobile communication and Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies. Based upon different scenarios of IoT healthcare services implementation, data computation capabilities provided by various cloud computing models and edge computing models are also discussed. The thesis provides a survey on various healthcare services that are implemented inside (and outside) hospital premises, e.g., remote health monitoring, Ambient Assisted Living among others. The impact of two prominent key technologies: Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) has been discussed and showed the benefits of implementing control and management function-especially at the edge network- utilizing SDN/NFV. This provides a flexible approach for deployment of healthcare services in close proximity to computing resources and improves communication control. IoT acknowledges a reliable and secure data exchange in real-time and oriented to improve Quality of Life (QoL). Internet of Things (IoT) serves the purpose of the advance concatenation of devices, systems, and services that go beyond the Machine-to-Machine scenario within today’s internet infrastructure with extended benefits

Design of an efficient binary phase-shift keying based IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver architecture and its performance analysis

The IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer (PHY) standard is one of the communication standards with wireless features by providing low-power and low-data rates in wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications. In this paper, an efficient IEEE 802.15.4 digital transceiver hardware architecture is designed using the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) technique. The transceiver mainly has transmitter and receiver modules along with the error calculation unit. The BPSK modulation and demodulation are designed using a digital frequency synthesizer (DFS). The DFS is used to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) signals and also provides better system performance than the conventional voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and look up table (LUT) based memory methods. The differential encoding-decoding mechanism is incorporated to recover the bits effectively and to reduce the hardware complexity. The simulation results are illustrated and used to find the error bits. The design utilizes less chip area, works at 268.2 MHz, and consumes 108 mW of total power. The IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver provides a latency of 3.5 clock cycles and works with a throughput of 76.62 Mbps. The bit error rate (BER) of 2×10-5 is achieved by the proposed digital transceiver and is suitable for real-time applications. The work is compared with existing similar approaches with better improvement in performance parameters

Wireless distributed intelligence in personal applications

Tietokoneet ovat historian kuluessa kehittyneet keskustietokoneista hajautettujen, langattomasti toimivien järjestelmien suuntaan. Elektroniikalla toteutetut automaattiset toiminnot ympärillämme lisääntyvät kiihtyvällä vauhdilla. Tällaiset sovellukset lisääntyvät tulevaisuudessa, mutta siihen soveltuva tekniikka on vielä kehityksen alla ja vaadittavia ominaisuuksia ei aina löydy. Nykyiset lyhyen kantaman langattoman tekniikan standardit ovat tarkoitettu lähinnä teollisuuden ja multimedian käyttöön, siksi ne ovat vain osittain soveltuvia uudenlaisiin ympäristöälykkäisiin käyttötarkoituksiin. Ympäristöälykkäät sovellukset palvelevat enimmäkseen jokapäiväistä elämäämme, kuten turvallisuutta, kulunvalvontaa ja elämyspalveluita. Ympäristöälykkäitä ratkaisuja tarvitaan myös hajautetussa automaatiossa ja kohteiden automaattisessa seurannassa. Tutkimuksen aikana Seinäjoen ammattikorkeakoulussa on tutkittu lyhyen kantaman langatonta tekniikkaa: suunniteltu ja kehitetty pienivirtaisia radionappeja, niitten ohjelmointiympäristöä sekä langattoman verkon synkronointia, tiedonkeruuta ja reititystä. Lisäksi on simuloitu eri reititystapoja, sisäpaikannusta ja kaivinkoneen kalibrointia soveltaen mm. neurolaskentaa. Tekniikkaa on testattu myös käytännön sovelluksissa. Ympäristöälykkäät sovellusalueet ovat ehkä nopeimmin kasvava lähitulevaisuuden ala tietotekniikassa. Tutkitulla tekniikalla on runsaasti uusia haasteita ihmisten hyvinvointia, terveyttä ja turvallisuutta lisäävissä sovelluksissa, kuten myös teollisuuden uusissa sovelluksissa, esimerkiksi älykkäässä energiansiirtoverkossa.The development of computing is moving from mainframe computers to distributed intelligence with wireless features. The automated functions around us, in the form of small electronic devices, are increasing and the pace is continuously accelerating. The number of these applications will increase in the future, but suitable features needed are lacking and suitable technology development is still ongoing. The existing wireless short-range standards are mostly suitable for use in industry and in multimedia applications, but they are only partly suitable for the new network feature demands of the ambient intelligence applications. The ambient intelligent applications will serve us in our daily lives: security, access control and exercise services. Ambient intelligence is also adopted by industry in distributed amorphous automation, in access monitoring and the control of machines and devices. During this research, at Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, we have researched, designed and developed short-range wireless technology: low-power radio buttons with a programming environment for them as well as synchronization, data collecting and routing features for the wireless network. We have simulated different routing methods, indoor positioning and excavator calibration using for example neurocomputing. In addition, we have tested the technology in practical applications. The ambient intelligent applications are perhaps the area growing the most in information technology in the future. There will be many new challenges to face to increase welfare, health, security, as well as industrial applications (for example, at factories and in smart grids) in the future.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Low-Power Pıc-Based Sensor Node Devıce Desıgn And Theoretıcal Analysıs Of Energy Consumptıon In Wıreless Sensor Networks

Teknolojinin ilerlemesi, daha enerji verimli ve daha ucuz elektronik bileşenlerinin daha küçük üretilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu nedenle, daha önce mevcut birçok bilgisayar ve elektronik bilim-mühendislik fikirleri uygulanabilir hale gelmiştir. Bunlardan birisi de kablosuz sensör ağları teknolojisidir. Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar, düşük enerji tüketimi ve gerekli teknik gereksinimlerin gerçekleşmesi ile uygulanabilir hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca, Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlarının tasarımında iletişim algoritmaları, enerji tasarruf protokolleri ve yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri gibi diğer bilimsel çalışmalar zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu tez, mikroelektronik sistemler, kablosuz iletişim ve dijital elektronik teknolojisinin ilerlemesiyle uygulanabilir hale gelmiş sensör ağları teknolojisini kapsamaktadır. Birincisi, algılama görevleri ve potansiyel algılayıcı ağ uygulamaları araştırılmış ve algılayıcı ağlarının tasarımını etkileyen faktörlerin gözden geçirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Ardından sensör ağları için iletişim mimarisi ana hatlarıyla belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, tek bir düğümün WLAN ile iletişim kurabilmesi için yeni donanım mimarisi tasarlanmış ve düğümlerde yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanılmıştır. Bu tezde WSN, analitik bilim ve uygulamalı bilim açısından incelenmiştir. Düşük enerji tüketimi ve iletişim protokolleri arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiş ve bilimsel sonuçlara varılmıştır. Teorik analizler bilimsel uygulamalarla desteklenmiştir. Çalışmalar, düşük enerji ve maksimum verimlilik prensibinin gerçekleştirilmesine dayalı kablosuz sensör ağları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kablosuz sensör ağlari sistemi tasarlandıktan sonra; sensör düğümlerinin enerji tüketimi ve kablosuz ağdaki davranışları test ve analiz edilmiştir. Düşük enerji tüketimi ile sensör düğümleri arasındaki ilişki detaylı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. PIC Tabanlı mikro denetleyiciler sensör düğümlerinin tasarımında kullanılmış ve çok düşük maliyetli tasarım için ultra düşük güçte, nanoWatt teknolojisi ile desteklenen sensör düğümleri tasarlanmıştır. İşleme birimi, bellek birimi ve kablosuz iletişim birimi sensör viii düğümlerine entegre edilmiştir. Tasarlanan sensör düğümünün işletim sistemi PIC C dili ile yazılmıştır ve PIC işletim sistemi nem, sıcaklık, ışığa duyarlılık ve duman sensörü gibi farklı özelliklerin ölçülmesine izin vermiştir. Sensörlerden gelen verilerin merkezi bir konumdan kaydedilmesi ve izlenebilmesi için, C# programlama dili ile bilgisayar yazılımı geliştirilmiştir. Gelişmiş algılayıcı düğümler tarafından alınan kararların uygulanması için yazılım algoritması ve donanım modüllerini içeren karar verme sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Gelişmiş PIC Tabanlı sensör düğümleri, enerji üretimi ve enerji tasarrufu için, güneş enerjisi paneli, şarj edilebilir pil ve süper kapasitör gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile benzersiz bir PIC Kontrollü voltaj birimi ile desteklenmiştir. Geliştirilmiş kablosuz sensör ağları sistemi, endüstri uygulamaları, akıllı fabrikalar ve akıllı evler gibi günlük hayat uygulamaları için de kullanılabilecektir. Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar geniş bir aralıkta kullanılmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Tezin sonuçları, özellikle yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile WSN'nin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır