Man and Machine: Questions of Risk, Trust and Accountability in Today's AI Technology

Artificial Intelligence began as a field probing some of the most fundamental questions of science - the nature of intelligence and the design of intelligent artifacts. But it has grown into a discipline that is deeply entwined with commerce and society. Today's AI technology, such as expert systems and intelligent assistants, pose some difficult questions of risk, trust and accountability. In this paper, we present these concerns, examining them in the context of historical developments that have shaped the nature and direction of AI research. We also suggest the exploration and further development of two paradigms, human intelligence-machine cooperation, and a sociological view of intelligence, which might help address some of these concerns.Comment: Preprin

Towards the edge intelligence: Robot assistant for the detection and classification of human emotions

[EN] Deep learning is being introduced more and more in our society. Nowadays, there are very few applications that do not use deep learning as a classification tool. One of the main application areas is focused on improving people¿s life quality, allowing to create personal assistants with canned benefits. More recently, with the proliferation of mobile computing and the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), billions of mobile and IoT devices are connected to the Internet. This allows the generation of millions of bytes of information about sensors, images, sounds, etc. Driven by this trend, there is an urgent need to push the IoT frontiers to the edge of the network, in order to decrease this massive sending of information to large exchanges for analysis. As a result of this trend, a new discipline has emerged: edge intelligence or edge AI, a widely recognised and promising solution that attracts with special interest to the community of researchers in artificial intelligence. We adapted edge AI to classify human emotions. Results show how edge AI-based emotion classification can greatly benefit in the field of cognitive assistants for the elderly or people living alone.This work was partly supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2018/002) and by the Spanish Government (RTI2018-095390-B-C31). Universitat Politecnica de Valencia Research Grant PAID-10-19.Rincón Arango, JA.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Carrascosa Casamayor, C. (2020). Towards the edge intelligence: Robot assistant for the detection and classification of human emotions. Springer. 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51999-5_3S3141Chang, A.: The role of artificial intelligence in digital health. In: Wulfovich, S., Meyers, A. (eds.) Digital Health Entrepreneurship. HI, pp. 71–81. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12719-0_7Yang, L., Henthorne, T.L., George, B.: Artificial intelligence and robotics technology in the hospitality industry: current applications and future trends. In: George, B., Paul, J. (eds.) Digital Transformation in Business and Society, pp. 211–228. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-08277-2_13Khayyam, H., Javadi, B., Jalili, M., Jazar, R.N.: Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things for autonomous vehicles. In: Jazar, R.N., Dai, L. (eds.) Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications, pp. 39–68. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18963-1_2Liang, F., Yu, W., Liu, X., Griffith, D., Golmie, N.: Towards edge-based deep learning in industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things J. 7, 4329–4341 (2020)Nagaraju, P.B., Oliner, A.J., Gilmore, B.M., Dean, E.A., Wang, J.: Data analytics in edge devices. US Patent App. 16/573,745, 9 January 2020Eskandari, M., Janjua, Z.H., Vecchio, M., Antonelli, F.: Passban IDS: an intelligent anomaly based intrusion detection system for IoT edge devices. IEEE Internet of Things J. (2020)Harish, A., Jhawar, S., Anisha, B.S., Ramakanth Kumar, P.: Implementing machine learning on edge devices with limited working memory. In: Ranganathan, G., Chen, J., Rocha, Á. (eds.) Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies. LNNS, vol. 89, pp. 1255–1261. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0146-3_123Rincon, J.A., Martin, A., Costa, Â., Novais, P., Julián, V., Carrascosa, C.: EmIR: an emotional intelligent robot assistant. In: AfCAI (2018)Ke, R., Zhuang, Y., Pu, Z., Wang, Y.: A smart, efficient, and reliable parking surveillance system with edge artificial intelligence on IoT devices. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.00269 (2020)Mazzia, V., Khaliq, A., Salvetti, F., Chiaberge, M.: Real-time apple detection system using embedded systems with hardware accelerators: an edge AI application. IEEE Access 8, 9102–9114 (2020)Chollet, F., et al.: Keras (2015). https://github.com/fchollet/kerasHoward, A.G., et al.: MobileNets: efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04861 (2017

Internet of robotic things : converging sensing/actuating, hypoconnectivity, artificial intelligence and IoT Platforms

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is evolving rapidly and influencing newdevelopments in various application domains, such as the Internet of MobileThings (IoMT), Autonomous Internet of Things (A-IoT), Autonomous Systemof Things (ASoT), Internet of Autonomous Things (IoAT), Internetof Things Clouds (IoT-C) and the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) etc.that are progressing/advancing by using IoT technology. The IoT influencerepresents new development and deployment challenges in different areassuch as seamless platform integration, context based cognitive network integration,new mobile sensor/actuator network paradigms, things identification(addressing, naming in IoT) and dynamic things discoverability and manyothers. The IoRT represents new convergence challenges and their need to be addressed, in one side the programmability and the communication ofmultiple heterogeneous mobile/autonomous/robotic things for cooperating,their coordination, configuration, exchange of information, security, safetyand protection. Developments in IoT heterogeneous parallel processing/communication and dynamic systems based on parallelism and concurrencyrequire new ideas for integrating the intelligent “devices”, collaborativerobots (COBOTS), into IoT applications. Dynamic maintainability, selfhealing,self-repair of resources, changing resource state, (re-) configurationand context based IoT systems for service implementation and integrationwith IoT network service composition are of paramount importance whennew “cognitive devices” are becoming active participants in IoT applications.This chapter aims to be an overview of the IoRT concept, technologies,architectures and applications and to provide a comprehensive coverage offuture challenges, developments and applications

A Review of Verbal and Non-Verbal Human-Robot Interactive Communication

In this paper, an overview of human-robot interactive communication is presented, covering verbal as well as non-verbal aspects of human-robot interaction. Following a historical introduction, and motivation towards fluid human-robot communication, ten desiderata are proposed, which provide an organizational axis both of recent as well as of future research on human-robot communication. Then, the ten desiderata are examined in detail, culminating to a unifying discussion, and a forward-looking conclusion