Digital Three-Dimensional Atlas of Quail Development Using High-Resolution MRI

We present an archetypal set of three-dimensional digital atlases of the quail embryo based on microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (µMRI). The atlases are composed of three modules: (1) images of fixed ex ovo quail, ranging in age from embryonic day 5 to 10 (e05 to e10); (2) a coarsely delineated anatomical atlas of the µMRI data; and (3) an organ system–based hierarchical graph linked to the anatomical delineations. The atlas is designed to be accessed using SHIVA, a free Java application. The atlas is extensible and can contain other types of information including anatomical, physiological, and functional descriptors. It can also be linked to online resources and references. This digital atlas provides a framework to place various data types, such as gene expression and cell migration data, within the normal three-dimensional anatomy of the developing quail embryo. This provides a method for the analysis and examination of the spatial relationships among the different types of information within the context of the entire embryo

The First Amendment in the Second Gilded Age

How do we pay for the digital public sphere? In the Second Gilded Age, the answer is primarily through digital surveillance and through finding ever new ways to make money out of personal data. Digital capitalism in the Second Gilded Age features an implicit bargain: a seemingly unlimited freedom to speak in exchange for the right to surveil and manipulate end users.To protect freedom of speech in the Second Gilded Age we must distinguish the values of free speech from the judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment. That is because the practical freedom to speak online depends on a privately owned and operated infrastructure of digital communication to which the First Amendment does not apply. As a result, the protection of digital free expression has increasingly begun to detach from the judicial doctrines of the First Amendment. This makes the First Amendment increasingly irrelevant to protecting digital speech. Indeed, in the Second Gilded Age, the judicially created doctrines of First Amendment law become most important as potential obstacles to reform. They create constitutional difficulties for attempts to regulate private infrastructure owners in order to protect free speech values and personal privacy.Protecting freedom of speech in the Second Gilded Age requires us to focus on the political economy of digital speech: how we pay for the digital public sphere, the dangers the digital political economy creates for end users, and the kinds of reforms that would best protect their interests in speech and privacy.This essay uses the Facebook/Cambridge Analytica scandal of March 2018 to explain how the conditions that make free speech possible have changed from the twentieth to the twenty-first centuries. That controversy is a characteristic scandal of the Second Gilded Age because it centers on how digital infrastructure companies make their money and how they affect the public sphere in the process. The scandal also highlights a central problem for freedom of speech in the Second Gilded Age: Digital privacy undergirds our freedom of expression, but the way we pay for freedom of expression perpetually threatens our digital privacy and subjects us to dangers of manipulation and overreaching.The great irony is that an era that promised unbounded opportunities for freedom of expression is also an era of increasing digital control and surveillance. The same technological advances allow both results. The essay concludes by briefly introducing a reform proposal advocated in my previous work: that we should consider digital media companies as information fiduciaries who have duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty toward their end users

The Future of Human Rights in the Digital Age: Indonesian Perspectives and Challenges

Protecting human rights in the digital age remains a significant challenge globally, including in Indonesia. Issues such as lack of regulation, censorship and surveillance, cybercrime, technological inequalities, online hate speech and misinformation, and lack of accountability continue to pose significant threats to the protection and promotion of human rights online. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing efforts to promote and defend human rights online through the development of effective legal frameworks, the strengthening of international human rights norms and standards, and efforts to bridge the digital divide and improve access to information and technologies. This research aims to find out the various challenges that arise in the digital era related to human rights by analyzing and synthesizing information obtained through literature studies. There are several important contexts that concern human rights in the digital era, namely, privacy, freedom of expression, access to information, cybersecurity, online discrimination. Challenges that arise globally and nationally are expected to be resolved by the formation of various regulations related to the digital world

PERAN PERPUSTAKAAN DIGITAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN RUANG PUBLIK (STUDI KASUS PERPUSTAKAAN DIGITAL UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG)

The purpose of this study is to find out how the information age community understands digital public space and how the role of the University of Lampung's digital library in creating virtual public spaces. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research builds on the critical theory of public space proposed by Jurgen Habermas and Henry Lefebvre. Data collection through literature study and interviews. Data analysis includes three stages namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the public space in the information society is interpreted as a space where there is an infinite process of interaction. The role of the University of Lampung's digital library in creating public spaces includes (1) Providing freedom of access to systems and content, (2) giving freedom of expression to users through communication facilities between users and managers (3) Providing equality for anyone to access and utilize digital library applications The University of Lampung (4) has a legal umbrella in managing digital libraries (5) has a shared commitment to turn the University of Lampung's digital library into an ideal public space. Keywords: Digital Library, Public Spaces, Information Society.

Analysis and application of ERTS-1 data for regional geological mapping

Combined visual and digital techniques of analysing ERTS-1 data for geologic information have been tried on selected areas in Pennsylvania. The major physiolographic and structural provinces show up well. Supervised mapping, following the imaged expression of known geologic features on ERTS band 5 enlargements (1:250,000) of parts of eastern Pennsylvania, delimited the Diabase Sills and the Precambrian rocks of the Reading Prong with remarkable accuracy. From unsupervised mapping, transgressive linear features are apparent in unexpected density, and exhibit strong control over river valley and stream channel directions. They are unaffected by bedrock type, age, or primary structural boundaries, which suggests they are either rejuvenated basement joint directions on different scales, or they are a recently impressed structure possibly associated with a drifting North American plate. With ground mapping and underflight data, 6 scales of linear features have been recognized

The Changing Role of Urdu News Media with Digital Communication in Pakistan

The growing use of digital media has influenced significantly the communication channels of society during recent years in the globe. The media and communication in Pakistan is transforming with information technology. The marvelous boost of digital media devices has changed the communication channels. With digital media revolution, the people in society who formerly had no chance to participate, now they have a great opportunity of to contribute. They can give feedback on news content, comment on stories and share information. If we talk about Urdu news in Pakistan, technology has not left it unchanged. The great revolution in technological field has modified the way public receives information on various aspects. This research work will boost our understanding of how effects of fast spreading technological means have affected traditional modes of Urdu news. During the past decades, western world has got a great benefit from immense development in information communication technology. Furthermore, developing world is widely seen accepting access to internet computer and mobile phone technology. Today's media organizations are extensively using various technological sources. This study also explore the phenomenon of adoption of information technology, role played by media in this digital age and to address the global audience and news collection, influence of internet and extent of freedom of expression to which it has impacted todays media in accessing and delivering information. Though traditional modes of information have got a great jolt by new digital platform and have brought great opportunities for information gathering ofUrdu news in Pakistan.</p

A Right to Read Anonymously: A Closer Look at Copyright Management in Cyberspace

It has become commonplace to say that we have entered the age of information. The words conjure up images of a reader’s paradise—an era of limitless access to information resources and unlimited interpersonal communication. In truth, however, the new information age is turning out to be as much an age of information about readers as an age of information for readers. The same technologies that have made vast amounts of information accessible in digital form are enabling information providers to amass an unprecedented wealth of data about who their customers are and what they like to read. In the new age of digitally transmitted information, the simple, formerly anonymous acts of reading, listening, and viewing—scanning an advertisement or a short news item, browsing through an online novel or a collection of video clips—can be made to speak volumes, including, quite possibly, information that the reader would prefer not to share. This Article focuses specifically on digital monitoring of individual reading habits for purposes of so-called “copyright management” in cyberspace, and evaluates the import of this monitoring for traditional notions of freedom of thought and expression. A fundamental assumption underlying our discourse about the activities of reading, thinking, and speech is that individuals in our society are guaranteed the freedom to form their thoughts and opinions in privacy, free from intrusive oversight by governmental or private entities. The new copyright management technologies force us to examine anew the sources and extent of that freedom. Part I of this Article describes the various copyright management technologies that are being developed to enable copyright owners to monitor readers’ activities in cyberspace and the uses they make of reading materials acquired there. Part II provides an overview of proposed federal legislation designed to reinforce copyright owners’ power unilaterally to institute intrusive copyright management systems. Part III considers, and rejects, the possibility that the impending digital copyright management regime constitutes no more than legitimate private ordering regarding the terms and conditions of access to copyrighted works. Part IV discusses the sources and justifications for an individual right to read anonymously, and argues that reading is so intimately connected with speech and freedom of thought that the First Amendment should be understood to guarantee such a right. Part V suggests that proposed federal protection for digital copyright management technologies may be unconstitutional to the extent that it penalizes individuals who seek only to exercise their rights to read anonymously, or to enable others to do so. Finally, Part VI argues that rather than seeking to enshrine a set of practices designed to negate reader anonymity, Congress should, instead, adopt comprehensive legislation designed to shield individual reading habits from scrutiny

A Meme is Worth a Thousand Words: Universal Communication Through Memes

With the rise of the digital age has come about a new form of communicating concepts—the meme: repeatable, transferable information. The purpose of this project is to understand the inclusive nature of internet communication not restricted by barriers. This format plays with the boundaries to imagination, creating a new form of communication not relying on language, color, or shape, but the interchange of these within an established concept. Memes have created a universal, living form of expression irrelevant of culture, region, age, or language in which individuals cross normal borders of expression and communication. We attempt to define the modern meme through its philosophical etymology and its evolved application. We then examine how memes, based on this definition, can be used as a legitimate form of communication. With this project we propose that the meme has potential to have real world, expressive effects to cross barriers to communication

The Media and Human Rights: Mapping the Field

The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights offers a comprehensive and contemporary survey of the key themes, approaches and debates in the field of media and human rights. Organised into five parts - Communication, Expression and Human Rights, Media Performance and Human Rights: Political Processes, Media Performance and Human Rights: News and Journalism, Digital Activism, Witnessing and Human Rights, and Media Representation of Human Rights: Cultural, Social, and Political – and forty-nine original chapters, this volume examines the universal principals of freedom of expression, legal instruments, the right to know, media as a human right, digital activism, witnessing, and media representation of human rights, including the role of media organisations and journalistic work. With coverage of an array of topics, including mass-surveillance, LGBT advocacy, press law, freedom of information, and children’s rights in the digital age, this Companion offers both an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to media and human rights allowing for international comparisons and varying perspectives. This volume is also the first to bring together scholarship examining media as a human right and essays examining media coverage of human rights. With its scope and ambition, The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights sets out to chart the field and define the agenda for future research

Political Participation in Digital World: Transcending Traditional Political Culture in India

Information technology and communication has reshaped the existing socio-economic and political systems. Change in Political Participation is explicit especially among the youth and women in this age of ITC. This is because digital age provides ample opportunities for public response in a lightening pace. Public discourses taking place through website have evolved into not only a medium for personal expression and mutual support but also challenges the old political cultures.   Now citizen is not shear listener but also a speaker who can influence the public decision making. In the Delhi Rape case the public protest through internet has influenced justice Verma Committee which finally led to Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance 2013 providing death penalty in case of rape. Transforming the ways and means of interest aggregation and interest articulation, ICT has strengthened the inputs of political system.  A shift from representative democracy (prone to elitism as observed by Mitchels) to participatory democracy in the digital world is expected by certain scholars.  However, Digital divide arising out of poor accessibility and affordability of hi-tech devices and cyber crimes such as hacking create formidable challenge to digital democracy.  The future and continuing well-being of level of political participation and civic engagement falls on the shoulders of its youngest citizens. Despite the apathy of youth towards the traditional democratic practices and the cultural displacement some scholars view that the young people may become politically socialized with in the media environment. The expected change in the Political spectrum would be visible by the participation of women and youth.  Demographic reports show that by 2020 India would become the youngest country with an average age of 29. As a result of this overwhelming change in the political life a decisive shift in the political culture is certain. Key words: Digital Democracy, Political Culture, Social Network, Digital divid