Robust eye tracking based on multiple corneal reflections for clinical applications

Postprint (published version

Answering a Questionnaire Using Eyetracking

The beginning of eye tracking research lies far back in the past. Since eye tracking costs decreased over the past years, the usage of an eye tracker for everyday matters, like the interaction with a personal device, becomes more and more attractive. In the present work, the realization of interacting with a computer interface with only the help of an eye tracker is illustrated. The conducted study examines the acceptance and usability of such a system. Therefore, three different interaction methods have been implemented. In a study, the participants had to complete a questionnaire with those interaction methods using a Windows application and a low-cost eye tracking device. All in all, the study results imply that the number of negative aspects about this system outweigh the positive ones. The biggest issue was the restriction of mobility during the usage of the tracking device. In addition, the usage of the system turned out to be rather exhausting for the eyes. Generally speaking, among the three implemented interaction methods, the interaction method that combines gaze with a second input modality (a keyboard) scored best in terms of interaction speed and usefulness considering the completion of a questionnaire

A Hybrid Gaze Pointer with Voice Control

Accessibility in technology has been a challenge since the beginning of the 1800s. Starting with building typewriters for the blind by Pellegrino Turri to the on-screen keyboard built by Microsoft, there have been several advancements towards assistive technologies. The basic tools necessary for anyone to operate a computer are to be able to navigate the device, input information, and perceive the output. All these three categories have been undergoing tremendous advancements over the years. Especially, with the internet boom, it has now become a necessity to point onto a computer screen. This has somewhat attracted research into this particular area. However, these advancements still have a lot of room for improvement for better accuracy and reduced latency. This project focuses on building a low-cost application to track eye gaze which in turn can be used to solve the navigation problem. The application is targeted to be helpful to people with motor disabilities caused by medical conditions such as Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, Arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, tremors, fatigue, and Cerebral Palsy. It may also serve as a solution for people with amputated limbs or fingers. For others, this could end up being a solution to situational impairments or a foundation for further research. This tool aims to help users feel independent and confident while using a computer system

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) advances: A review of configurations for individuals with a speech disability

High-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods are on a constant rise; however, the interaction between the user and the assistive technology is still challenged for an optimal user experience centered around the desired activity. This review presents a range of signal sensing and acquisition methods utilized in conjunction with the existing high-tech AAC platforms for individuals with a speech disability, including imaging methods, touch-enabled systems, mechanical and electro-mechanical access, breath-activated methods, and brain–computer interfaces (BCI). The listed AAC sensing modalities are compared in terms of ease of access, affordability, complexity, portability, and typical conversational speeds. A revelation of the associated AAC signal processing, encoding, and retrieval highlights the roles of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in the development of intelligent AAC solutions. The demands and the affordability of most systems hinder the scale of usage of high-tech AAC. Further research is indeed needed for the development of intelligent AAC applications reducing the associated costs and enhancing the portability of the solutions for a real user’s environment. The consolidation of natural language processing with current solutions also needs to be further explored for the amelioration of the conversational speeds. The recommendations for prospective advances in coming high-tech AAC are addressed in terms of developments to support mobile health communicative applications

LIMBUSTRACK: STABLE EYE-TRACKING IN IMPERFECT LIGHT CONDITIONS

We are aware of only one serious effort at development of a cheap, accurate, wearable eye tracker: the open source openEyes project. However, its method of ocular feature detection is such that it is prone to failure in variable lighting conditions. To address this deficiency, we have developed a cheap wearable eye tracker. At the heart of our development are novel techniques that allow operation under variable illumination

Uncertainty visualization of gaze estimation to support operator-controlled calibration

      In this paper, we investigate how visualization assets can support the qualitative evaluation of gaze estimation uncertainty. Although eye tracking data are commonly available, little has been done to visually investigate the uncertainty of recorded gaze information. This paper tries to fill this gap by using innovative uncertainty computation and visualization. Given a gaze processing pipeline, we estimate the location of this gaze position in the world camera. To do so we developed our own gaze data processing which give us access to every stage of the data transformation and thus the uncertainty computation. To validate our gaze estimation pipeline, we designed an experiment with 12 participants and showed that the correction methods we proposed reduced the Mean Angular Error by about 1.32 cm, aggregating all 12 participants’ results. The Mean Angular Error is 0.25° (SD=0.15°) after correction of the estimated gaze. Next, to support the qualitative assessment of this data, we provide a map which codes the actual uncertainty in the user point of view.

Improving sports vision diagnostics using wireless electro-oculography

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-94).Traditional techniques such as eye hand coordination tests have difficulty isolating the pure eye movement data as their results are reliant on subjects performing physical responses to visual stimuli. What is needed in this field is diagnostic equipment that can give information on eye motion alone. Electro-Oculography was investigated as a form of eye tracking as it is an inexpensive, simple, underdeveloped and primary method of eye tracking that required low data transmission rates