14,536 research outputs found
One-Class Classification: Taxonomy of Study and Review of Techniques
One-class classification (OCC) algorithms aim to build classification models
when the negative class is either absent, poorly sampled or not well defined.
This unique situation constrains the learning of efficient classifiers by
defining class boundary just with the knowledge of positive class. The OCC
problem has been considered and applied under many research themes, such as
outlier/novelty detection and concept learning. In this paper we present a
unified view of the general problem of OCC by presenting a taxonomy of study
for OCC problems, which is based on the availability of training data,
algorithms used and the application domains applied. We further delve into each
of the categories of the proposed taxonomy and present a comprehensive
literature review of the OCC algorithms, techniques and methodologies with a
focus on their significance, limitations and applications. We conclude our
paper by discussing some open research problems in the field of OCC and present
our vision for future research.Comment: 24 pages + 11 pages of references, 8 figure
Information systems evaluation: Navigating through the problem domain
Information systems (IS) make it possible to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness, which can provide
competitive advantage. There is, however, a great deal of difficulty reported in the normative literature when it comes to the
evaluation of investments in IS, with companies often finding themselves unable to assess the full implications of their IS
infrastructure. Although many of the savings resulting from IS are considered suitable for inclusion within traditional
accountancy frameworks, it is the intangible and non-financial benefits, together with indirect project costs that complicate the
justification process. In exploring this phenomenon, the paper reviews the normative literature in the area of IS evaluation, and
then proposes a set of conjectures. These were tested within a case study to analyze the investment justification process of a
manufacturing IS investment. The idiosyncrasies of the case study and problems experienced during its attempts to evaluate,
implement, and realize the holistic implications of the IS investment are presented and critically analyzed. The paper
concludes by identifying lessons learnt and thus, proposes a number of empirical findings for consideration by decisionmakers
during the investment evaluation process
Towards Adversarial Malware Detection: Lessons Learned from PDF-based Attacks
Malware still constitutes a major threat in the cybersecurity landscape, also
due to the widespread use of infection vectors such as documents. These
infection vectors hide embedded malicious code to the victim users,
facilitating the use of social engineering techniques to infect their machines.
Research showed that machine-learning algorithms provide effective detection
mechanisms against such threats, but the existence of an arms race in
adversarial settings has recently challenged such systems. In this work, we
focus on malware embedded in PDF files as a representative case of such an arms
race. We start by providing a comprehensive taxonomy of the different
approaches used to generate PDF malware, and of the corresponding
learning-based detection systems. We then categorize threats specifically
targeted against learning-based PDF malware detectors, using a well-established
framework in the field of adversarial machine learning. This framework allows
us to categorize known vulnerabilities of learning-based PDF malware detectors
and to identify novel attacks that may threaten such systems, along with the
potential defense mechanisms that can mitigate the impact of such threats. We
conclude the paper by discussing how such findings highlight promising research
directions towards tackling the more general challenge of designing robust
malware detectors in adversarial settings
A Taxonomy-Based Usability Study of an Intelligent Speed Adaptation Device
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction on 04 Apr 2014, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2014.907463[Abstract] Usability studies are often based on ad hoc definitions of usability. These studies can be difficult to generalize, they might have a steep learning curve, and there is always the danger of being inconsistent with the concept of usability as defined in standards and the literature. This alternative approach involves comprehensive, general-purpose, and hierarchically structured taxonomies that follow closely the main usability literature. These taxonomies are then instantiated for a specific product. To illustrate this approach, a usability study for a prototype of an Intelligent Speed Adaptation device is described. The usability study consists of usability requirements analysis, heuristic evaluation, and subjective analysis, which helped identify problems of clarity, operability, robustness, safety, and aesthetics. As a context-specific usability taxonomy for this particular field of application happened to exist, the way that real-world usability results can be mapped to that taxonomy compared to the taxonomy in this article is examined, with the argument that this study’s taxonomy is more complete and generalizable.Xunta de Galicia; CN2011/007Xunta de Galicia; CN2012/211European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency; Nº. 22835
The Survey, Taxonomy, and Future Directions of Trustworthy AI: A Meta Decision of Strategic Decisions
When making strategic decisions, we are often confronted with overwhelming
information to process. The situation can be further complicated when some
pieces of evidence are contradicted each other or paradoxical. The challenge
then becomes how to determine which information is useful and which ones should
be eliminated. This process is known as meta-decision. Likewise, when it comes
to using Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for strategic decision-making,
placing trust in the AI itself becomes a meta-decision, given that many AI
systems are viewed as opaque "black boxes" that process large amounts of data.
Trusting an opaque system involves deciding on the level of Trustworthy AI
(TAI). We propose a new approach to address this issue by introducing a novel
taxonomy or framework of TAI, which encompasses three crucial domains:
articulate, authentic, and basic for different levels of trust. To underpin
these domains, we create ten dimensions to measure trust:
explainability/transparency, fairness/diversity, generalizability, privacy,
data governance, safety/robustness, accountability, reproducibility,
reliability, and sustainability. We aim to use this taxonomy to conduct a
comprehensive survey and explore different TAI approaches from a strategic
decision-making perspective
Adapter module for self-learning production systems
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Electrotécnica, Sistemas e ComputadoresThe dissertation presents the work done under the scope of the NP7 Self-Learning
project regarding the design and development of the Adapter component as a foundation
for the Self-Learning Production Systems (SLPS). This component is responsible to confer additional proprieties to production systems such as lifecycle learning, optimization of process parameters and, above all, adaptation to different production contexts. Therefore, the SLPS will be an evolvable system capable to self-adapt and learn in response to
dynamic contextual changes in manufacturing production process in which it operates.
The key assumption is that a deeper use of data mining and machine learning techniques
to process the huge amount of data generated during the production activities will allow
adaptation and enhancement of control and other manufacturing production activities
such as energy use optimization and maintenance. In this scenario, the SLPS Adapter acts as a doer and is responsible for dynamically adapting the manufacturing production system parameters according to changing manufacturing production contexts and, most important, according to the history of the manufacturing production process acquired during SLPS run time.To do this, a Learning Module has been also developed and embedded into the SLPS Adapter. The SLPS Learning Module represents the processing unit of the SLPS Adapter and is responsible to deliver Self-learning capabilities relying on data mining and operator’s feedback to up-date the execution of adaptation and context extraction at run time.
The designed and implemented SLPS Adapter architecture is assessed and validated
into several application scenario provided by three industrial partners to assure industrial relevant self-learning production systems. Experimental results derived by the application of the SLPS prototype into real industrial environment are also presented
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