Assessing the Effects of Communication Media Affordances and the Awareness of Media Security on Knowledge Sharing Behavior

Global Software Development (GSD) team members engage in intellectual activities that involve sharing business domain knowledge and technical knowledge across geographical areas, which is crucial to the successful development of software. In global software development, media choice may influence how virtual teams create and share knowledge. As digital technology advances and organizations become more digitally transformed, current communication theories for media selection lack the explanation to the complicated phenomena with the use of advanced media technologies. There have been many studies focused on the effectiveness of media, but they did not include user’s understanding of system security and its influence on knowledge sharing behavior. However, affordance theory explains the utility with both social actors and technical features. The use of media may be shaped by features of technologies and user’s perception on system security. The goal of this study was to empirically assess the effects of media affordances and media security awareness on knowledge sharing behaviors among GSD team members with the lens of affordance theory. In this study, data was collected through survey from 214 GSD employees, after inviting 1000 employees to participate. The survey data was analyzed to test the effects of communication media affordance and user’s awareness of media security on behavior in knowledge sharing. The analysis results show that awareness of media security had significant moderating effects on the relationships from some actualized media affordances to implicit knowledge sharing. The results of this study revealed positive relationships between perceived media affordances and actualized media affordances. The results also showed that organization tenure had a significant effect on implicit knowledge sharing, and professional tenure had a significant effect on explicit and implicit knowledge behavior. This study contributed to the body of knowledge in organizational communication literature by providing new insights into how technology properties and users’ awareness on technology security shape team members’ knowledge sharing practice

Social transmission of leadership preference:knowledge of group membership and partisan media reporting moderates perceptions of leadership ability from facial cues to competence and dominance

While first impressions of dominance and competence can influence leadership preference, social transmission of leadership preference has received little attention. The capacity to transmit, store and compute information has increased greatly over recent history, and the new media environment may encourage partisanship (i.e. ‘echo chambers’), misinformation and rumour spreading to support political and social causes and be conducive both to emotive writing and emotional contagion, which may shape voting behaviour. In our pre-registered experiment, we examined whether implicit associations between facial cues to dominance and competence (intelligence) and leadership ability are strengthened by partisan media and knowledge that leaders support or oppose us on a socio-political issue of personal importance. Social information, in general, reduced well-established implicit associations between facial cues and leadership ability. However, as predicted, social knowledge of group membership reduced preferences for facial cues to high dominance and intelligence in out-group leaders. In the opposite-direction to our original prediction, this ‘in-group bias’ was greater under less partisan versus partisan media, with partisan writing eliciting greater state anxiety across the sample. Partisanship also altered the salience of women’s facial appearance (i.e., cues to high dominance and intelligence) in out-group versus in-group leaders. Independent of the media environment, men and women displayed an in-group bias toward facial cues of dominance in same-sex leaders. Our findings reveal effects of minimal social information (facial appearance, group membership, media reporting) on leadership judgements, which may have implications for patterns of voting or socio-political behaviour at the local or national level

Knowledge will Propel Machine Understanding of Content: Extrapolating from Current Examples

Machine Learning has been a big success story during the AI resurgence. One particular stand out success relates to learning from a massive amount of data. In spite of early assertions of the unreasonable effectiveness of data, there is increasing recognition for utilizing knowledge whenever it is available or can be created purposefully. In this paper, we discuss the indispensable role of knowledge for deeper understanding of content where (i) large amounts of training data are unavailable, (ii) the objects to be recognized are complex, (e.g., implicit entities and highly subjective content), and (iii) applications need to use complementary or related data in multiple modalities/media. What brings us to the cusp of rapid progress is our ability to (a) create relevant and reliable knowledge and (b) carefully exploit knowledge to enhance ML/NLP techniques. Using diverse examples, we seek to foretell unprecedented progress in our ability for deeper understanding and exploitation of multimodal data and continued incorporation of knowledge in learning techniques.Comment: Pre-print of the paper accepted at 2017 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1610.0770

Who Watches the Watchdog? Understanding Media Systems as Information Regimes

This article explores institutions that monitor news media performance. It opens up critical inquiry into how knowledge about media systems is shaped, shared, and bounded in society. Using Sweden as an illustrative and data-rich case, we first map the overall media monitoring structure in Sweden. Second, we examine the kind of knowledge and data about media that monitoring institutions produce, including their motives and the underlying values they support. Third, we extrapolate questions about implicit and explicit motives to participate in an "information regime." Fourth, by means of media system theory, we discuss the international relevance of the Swedish case to understand media monitoring systems in other parts of the world

Baddies in the classroom: media education and narrative writing

When teachers allow pupils to write stories that include elements of popular media, we must ask what to do with media once it has entered the classroom. This article relates findings from a classroom study which focuses on children’s media-based story writing. The study looks at children as producers of new media texts and describes their activities as a form of ‘media education’. The research shows that through their production of media-based stories, children are reflecting on their consumption of media. Furthermore, children’s media-based stories make explicit some of their implicit knowledge of new media forms. Finally, children’s stories provide ample opportunities for teachers to engage in important discussions about media within the framework of existing writing programmes

From persuasive messages to tactics : exploring children’s knowledge and judgment of new advertising formats

Despite that contemporary advertising is decreasingly about persuading children through persuasive messages and increasingly about influencing them through implicit tactics, little attention has been given to how children may cope with advertising by understanding and evaluating the new advertising tactics. Drawing on 12 focus groups entailing 60 European children of ages 9-11, this article investigates children’s advertising literacy by exploring their knowledge and judgments (and according reasoning strategies) of the new advertising formats. In particular, insight is provided into children’s critical reflection on the tactics of brand integration, interactivity and personalization in the advertising formats brand placement, advergames and retargeted pre-roll video ads on social media. It is shown that while children not spontaneously do so, they appear to have the ability to understand these tactics and form judgments about their (moral) appropriateness, thereby considering a wide range of societal actors

Implicit Community in Online Social Groups: Understand Consumer Network and Purchase Behavior

Social networking platforms, such as WeChat and Facebook, increasingly become an important channel for advertising and transaction. Despite the growing importance of social network in facilitating social commerce, there has been limited research focusing on the dynamic implicit communities within the social network. This paper proposes a framework for gathering business intelligence from one popular social media platform in China (WeChat) by collecting and analyzing social network contents and consumer’s interaction networks. It is one of the first studies to our knowledge that identifies and analyzes implicit communities from social media platform for social commerce. We conduct case studies in a relationship-based online social group of WeChat. We first extract and analyze implicit communities, representing interactions among users and product vendors, from a large dataset. This is then combined with interaction-based content analysis to identify position of product vendors from these identified implicit communities. After examining the influence of network properties and community structures on consumer’s purchase, we propose a chat log-based content analysis to identify product-related information (including product attribute information, user experience information, social support information, and entertainment information). Finally, by combining those information and network structure, we build weighted implicit communities and calculate the influence of these weighted implicit communities on product vendors’ income. Our case studies demonstrate how to use the framework and appropriate techniques to effectively collect, extract, and analyze implicit communities related to the topics of interest, reveal novel patterns in the interactions and communities, and answer important business intelligence questions in the domains

A Public Health Critical Race Praxis Approach to Anti-Racism in Nursing Academia

Structural racism persists through every level of society, from housing, economic participation, education, criminal justice, access to healthcare, to poor healthcare outcomes. A critical dimension of structural racism is the persistent normalization of negative racial attitudes towards people of color, a manifestation of which is negative and harmful racist stereotypes presented in media, literature, and outdated medical knowledge. Internalization of structural racism gives rise to implicit and explicit bias towards different racial groups which poses health risks to patients of color. Studies have shown that health disparities persist for people of color even when controlling for socioeconomic differences among races, highlighting the harm of racial bias. A survey of 15 cross-sectional studies found that most healthcare providers carry a negative implicit bias towards patients of color and a positive implicit bias towards White patients. These harmful negative racial attitudes exist in medical and nursing academia, and novel efforts to address implicit bias are ongoing. There exists a large knowledge gap between social determinants of health and structural racism. Implementing a case-study workshop to address implicit bias among nursing faculty and their curriculums are a low-cost and effective method to close this gap. The purpose of this project is to address implicit bias in nursing academia through a Public Health Critical Race Praxis framework as faculty are directly responsible for preparing nurses and clinicians of the future for a diverse patient population

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF INSTAGRAM SPONSORED ADS: MESSAGE EXPLICITNESS AND MODERATING FACTORS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BEHAVIOR

This experimental study aims to explore how Instagram sponsored advertisements impact consumer perception and behaviors, focusing on the overarching Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) theory. The study consists of two distinct experiments, each examining different moderators while maintaining a central emphasis on message explicitness and its interaction with other variables. In Study 1, participants were exposed to Instagram sponsored ads featuring different levels of message explicitness (explicit vs. implicit) and varying product types (utilitarian vs. hedonic). The main outcome variable assessed was immediate purchase intent. The mediators, persuasion knowledge, and perceived deceptiveness, were also analyzed to understand their impact on the correlation between message explicitness, product type, and purchase intent. The results supported the impact of perceived deceptiveness on immediate purchase intent. In Study 2, the focus remained on message explicitness (explicit vs. implicit), but the moderator shifted to ad skepticism, a continuous variable. Like the first study, the analysis included mediation by persuasion knowledge and perceived deceptiveness. The findings revealed a noteworthy difference between explicit and implicit messages concerning perceived deceptiveness. Both studies employed random participant assignment to distinct experimental conditions to ensure unbiased outcomes. Data collection occurred through online surveys, and a total of 298 participants took part in the study. The discoveries from this dissertation furnish valuable insights into the efficacy of Instagram sponsored ads and illuminate the significance of message explicitness and moderating factors in shaping consumer perceptions and behaviors. The findings of the study enhance our understanding of PKM in the realm of social media sponsored advertising, providing meaningful guidance to marketers and advertisers in crafting more impactful and targeted ad campaigns across Instagram and other social platforms. Ultimately, this research aids in advancing knowledge within the realm of sponsored advertising on social media and its impact on consumer behavior