Prediktivno modeliranje distibucije potencijalnog staništa za anatolskog leoparda (Panthera pardus tulliana Valenciennes, 1856) u Turskoj korištenjem modela maksimalne entropije

The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana Valenciennes, 1856) is the largest surviving cat species in Türkiye. Despite the adversity they face, leopards still exist in Türkiye. In this study, using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), potentially suitable habitats for the Anatolian leopard in Türkiye was surveyed. When evaluating leopard habitat preference, the fact that the species can easily adapt to its habitat and live anywhere with sufficient vegetation and sufficient prey animals was taken into account; only data on climate which affects the geographic distribution patterns and population structures of flora and fauna were examined before. When the climatic variables affecting leopard’ distribution were examined, the following had the highest values: isothermally, seasonal temperature, average temperature of the coldest season, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and annual precipitation. Except for the Central Anatolia Region and coastal areas, almost every region in Türkiye contains habitats suitable for the leopard. There are scarce data on leopards’ populations and habitats in Türkiye. Therefore, even though ecological niche modelling (ENM) may generate important results when determining potentially suitable habitats, it is clear that this model cannot yield accurate results without considering the areas that the species is known to inhabit but in which no studies were previously conducted. The results that were obtained in the present study can also provide background information related to the long-term conservation of this species.Anatolski leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana Valenciennes, 1856.) je najveća preživjela vrsta mačaka u Turskoj. Unatoč nedaćama s kojima se suočavaju, leopardi još uvijek postoje u Turskoj. U ovoj studiji istražena su korištenjem modela maksimalne entropije (MaxEnt), potencijalno pogodna staništa za anatolskog leoparda u Turskoj. Prilikom procjene preferiranog staništa leoparda, u obzir je uzeta činjenica da se vrsta može lako prilagoditi svom staništu i živjeti bilo gdje ako ima dovoljno vegetacije i lovine; jedino su podaci o klimi koja utječe na zemljopisne obrasce rasprostranjenosti i populacijske strukture flore i faune prethodno ispitani. Nakon ispitivanja klimatskih varijabli koje utječu na distribuciju leoparda, dobivene su sljedeće najviše vrijednosti: izotermno, sezonska temperatura, prosječna temperatura najhladnijeg godišnjeg doba, minimalna temperatura najhladnijeg mjeseca i godišnja količina oborina. Osim regije središnje Anatolije i obalnih područja, gotovo svaka regija u Turskoj sadrži staništa pogodna za leoparda. Nema puno podataka o populacijama i staništima leoparda u Turskoj. Stoga, iako ekološko modeliranje niša (ENM) može proizvesti važne rezultate pri određivanju potencijalno prikladnih staništa, jasno je da ovaj model ne može dati točne rezultate ako ne uzmemo u obzir područja za koja znamo da ih ta vrsta naseljava, ali u kojima još nisu provedena istraživanja. Rezultati dobiveni u ovoj studiji mogu dodatno doprinijeti već poznatim informacijama vezano uz dugoročno očuvanje ove vrste

Efectos del cambio climático en la distribución geográfica de la especie invasora Asparagopsis Armata Harvey, 1855

Máster en Gestión integrada de Sistemas hídrico

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595-828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.Peer reviewe

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.PWB was supported by the J.H. Mullahy Endowment for Environmental Biology. TMR was partially supported by the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, and by the Academy of Finland (decision #324555). PJN was supported by the Smithsonian Institution. CEW was supported by NSF DEB 1754267, and NSF DEB 1950170. RGZ was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency—the views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ATB was supported by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and thanks M. en C. Laura Celis for help with literature searches. SH was supported by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Linnaeus University. MAKJ was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (16-IA-4418). JM-A was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (project PGC2018-093824-B-C42). KM was supported by ETH Zurich. LER was supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. SAR was supported by the Australian Research Council and the University of Wollongong’s Global Challenges Program. KCR was supported by NSF grants 1754265 and 1761805. Q-WW gratefully acknowledges fnancial support from the CAS Young Talents Program and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971148). SY was supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council CJ Martin Fellowship. We thank Emma Lesley (Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, for assistance with Fig. 1)

Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species in Horticultural and Ornamental Systems

This Special Issue contributes to filling knowledge gaps regarding NUS in horticultural and ornamental systems, as well as in landscapes, by collecting original research papers dealing with the relevance of NUS to the following topics: biodiversity and conservation; genetics and breeding; characterization, propagation, and ecophysiology; cultivation techniques and systems; landscape protection and restoration; product and process innovations; biochemistry and composition; and postharvest factors affecting their end-use quality

Environmental Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, UV Radiation, and interactions with Climate Change: 2022 Assessment Report

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was established 35 years ago following the 1985 Vienna Convention for protection of the environment and human health against excessive amounts of harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface due to a reduced UV-B-absorbing ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol, ratified globally by all 198 Parties (countries), controls ca 100 ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These substances have been used in many applications, such as in refrigerants, air conditioners, aerosol propellants, fumigants against pests, fire extinguishers, and foam materials. The Montreal Protocol has phased out nearly 99% of ODS, including ODS with high global warming potentials such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), thus serving a dual purpose. However, some of the replacements for ODS also have high global warming potentials, for example, the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Several of these replacements have been added to the substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol. The HFCs are now being phased down under the Kigali Amendment. As of December 2022, 145 countries have signed the Kigali Amendment, exemplifying key additional outcomes of the Montreal Protocol, namely, that of also curbing climate warming and stimulating innovations to increase energy efficiency of cooling equipment used industrially as well as domestically. As the concentrations of ODS decline in the upper atmosphere, the stratospheric ozone layer is projected to recover to pre-1980 levels by the middle of the 21st century, assuming full compliance with the control measures of the Montreal Protocol. However, in the coming decades, the ozone layer will be increasingly influenced by emissions of greenhouse gases and ensuing global warming. These trends are highly likely to modify the amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth\u27s surface with implications for the effects on ecosystems and human health. Against this background, four Panels of experts were established in 1988 to support and advise the Parties to the Montreal Protocol with up-to-date information to facilitate decisions for protecting the stratospheric ozone layer. In 1990 the four Panels were consolidated into three, the Scientific Assessment Panel, the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel. Every four years, each of the Panels provides their Quadrennial Assessments as well as a Synthesis Report that summarises the key findings of all the Panels. In the in-between years leading up to the quadrennial, the Panels continue to inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol of new scientific information