Medical imaging analysis with artificial neural networks

Given that neural networks have been widely reported in the research community of medical imaging, we provide a focused literature survey on recent neural network developments in computer-aided diagnosis, medical image segmentation and edge detection towards visual content analysis, and medical image registration for its pre-processing and post-processing, with the aims of increasing awareness of how neural networks can be applied to these areas and to provide a foundation for further research and practical development. Representative techniques and algorithms are explained in detail to provide inspiring examples illustrating: (i) how a known neural network with fixed structure and training procedure could be applied to resolve a medical imaging problem; (ii) how medical images could be analysed, processed, and characterised by neural networks; and (iii) how neural networks could be expanded further to resolve problems relevant to medical imaging. In the concluding section, a highlight of comparisons among many neural network applications is included to provide a global view on computational intelligence with neural networks in medical imaging

Neural Network Computational Technique for High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Reconstruction with System Fusion

We address a new approach to the problem of improvement of the quality of scene images obtained with several sensing systems as required for remote sensing imagery, in which case we propose to exploit the idea of robust regularization aggregated with the neural network (NN) based computational implementation of the multi- sensor fusion tasks. Such a specific aggregated robust regularization problem is stated and solved to reach the aims of system fusion with a proper control of the NN’s design parameters (synaptic weights and bias inputs viewed as corresponding system-level and model-level degrees of freedom) which influence the overall reconstruction performances.Cinvesta

Quantum pattern recognition with liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

A novel quantum pattern recognition scheme is presented, which combines the idea of a classic Hopfield neural network with adiabatic quantum computation. Both the input and the memorized patterns are represented by means of the problem Hamiltonian. In contrast to classic neural networks, the algorithm can return a quantum superposition of multiple recognized patterns. A proof of principle for the algorithm for two qubits is provided using a liquid state NMR quantum computer.Comment: updated version, Journal-ref adde

Intelligent Processing of Remote Sensing Imagery for Decision Support in Environmental Resource Management: A Neural Computing Paradigm

In this study, we propose a new neural network (NN) computational paradigm to resolve the resource management decision support (DS) oriented problems based on reconstructive remote sensing (RS) imaging with the use/fusion of multi- sensor systems as required for enhanced DS in environmental resource management and other related fields in DS technologies. The developed NN paradigm addresses a framework for resolving the computational problems related to the end-user DS in environmental monitoring based on the intelligent RS image reconstruction/enhancement.Cinvesta

Computer-aided diagnosis tool for the detection of cancerous nodules in X-ray images

This thesis involves development of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool for the detection of cancerous nodules in X-ray images. Both cancerous and non-cancerous regions appear with little distinction on an X-ray image. For accurate detection of cancerous nodules, we need to differentiate the cancerous nodules from the non-cancerous. We developed an artificial neural network to differentiate them. Artificial neural networks (ANN) find a large application in the area of medical imaging. They work in a manner rather similar to the brain and have good decision making criteria when trained appropriately. We trained the neural network by the backpropagation algorithm and tested it with different images from a database of thoracic radiographs (chest X-rays) of dogs from the LSU Veterinary Medical Center. If we give X-ray images directly as input to the ANN, it incurs substantial complexity and training time for the network to process the images. A pre-processing stage involving some image enhancement techniques helps to solve the problem to a certain extent. The CAD tool developed in this thesis works in two stages. We pre-process the digitized images (by contrast enhancement, thresholding, filtering, and blob analysis) obtained after scanning the X-rays and then separate the suspected nodule areas (SNA) from the image by a segmentation process. We then input enhanced SNAs to the backpropagation-trained ANN. When given these enhanced SNAs, the neural network recognition accuracy, compared to unprocessed images as inputs, improved from 70% to 83.33%

Remote Sensing Imagery and Signature Fields Reconstruction via Aggregation of Robust Regularization With Neural Computing

The robust numerical technique for high-resolution reconstructive imaging and scene analysis is developed as required for enhanced remote sensing with large scale sensor array radar/synthetic aperture radar. First, the problem-oriented modification of the previously proposed fused Bayesian- regularization (FBR) enhanced radar imaging method is performed to enable it to reconstruct remote sensing signatures (RSS) of interest alleviating problem ill-poseness due to system-level and model-level uncertainties. Second, the modification of the Hopfield-type maximum entropy neural network (NN) is proposed that enables such NN to perform numerically the robust adaptive FBR technique via efficient NN computing. Finally, we report some simulation results of hydrological RSS reconstruction from enhanced real-world environmental images indicative of the efficiency of the devel- oped method.Cinvesta

Learning as a Nonlinear Line of Attraction for Pattern Association, Classification and Recognition

Development of a mathematical model for learning a nonlinear line of attraction is presented in this dissertation, in contrast to the conventional recurrent neural network model in which the memory is stored in an attractive fixed point at discrete location in state space. A nonlinear line of attraction is the encapsulation of attractive fixed points scattered in state space as an attractive nonlinear line, describing patterns with similar characteristics as a family of patterns. It is usually of prime imperative to guarantee the convergence of the dynamics of the recurrent network for associative learning and recall. We propose to alter this picture. That is, if the brain remembers by converging to the state representing familiar patterns, it should also diverge from such states when presented by an unknown encoded representation of a visual image. The conception of the dynamics of the nonlinear line attractor network to operate between stable and unstable states is the second contribution in this dissertation research. These criteria can be used to circumvent the plasticity-stability dilemma by using the unstable state as an indicator to create a new line for an unfamiliar pattern. This novel learning strategy utilizes stability (convergence) and instability (divergence) criteria of the designed dynamics to induce self-organizing behavior. The self-organizing behavior of the nonlinear line attractor model can manifest complex dynamics in an unsupervised manner. The third contribution of this dissertation is the introduction of the concept of manifold of color perception. The fourth contribution of this dissertation is the development of a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique by embedding a set of related observations into a low-dimensional space utilizing the result attained by the learned memory matrices of the nonlinear line attractor network. Development of a system for affective states computation is also presented in this dissertation. This system is capable of extracting the user\u27s mental state in real time using a low cost computer. It is successfully interfaced with an advanced learning environment for human-computer interaction