On the security of the Mobile IP protocol family

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has worked on\ud network layer mobility for more than 10 years and a number\ud of RFCs are available by now. Although the IETF mobility\ud protocols are not present in the Internet infrastructure as of\ud today, deployment seems to be imminent since a number\ud of organizations, including 3GPP, 3GPP2 and Wimax, have\ud realized the need to incorporate these protocols into their architectures.\ud Deployment scenarios reach from mobility support\ud within the network of a single provider to mobility support\ud between different providers and technologies. Current Wimax\ud specifications, for example, already support Mobile IPv4,\ud Proxy Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. Future specifications will\ud also support Proxy Mobile IPv6. Upcoming specifications in\ud the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) will include the use of\ud Mobile IPv4, Dual Stack MIPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6 for\ud interworking between 3GPP and non 3GPP networks.\ud This paper provides an overview on the state-of-the-art\ud in IETF mobility protocols as they are being considered by\ud standardization organizations outside the IETF and focusing\ud on security aspects

Interworking Architectures in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: An Algorithmic Overview

The scarce availability of spectrum and the proliferation of smartphones, social networking applications, online gaming etc., mobile network operators (MNOs) are faced with an exponential growth in packet switched data requirements on their networks. Haven invested in legacy systems (such as HSPA, WCDMA, WiMAX, Cdma2000, LTE, etc.) that have hitherto withstood the current and imminent data usage demand, future and projected usage surpass the capabilities of the evolution of these individual technologies. Hence, a more critical, cost-effective and flexible approach to provide ubiquitous coverage for the user using available spectrum is of high demand. Heterogeneous Networks make use of these legacy systems by allowing users to connect to the best network available and most importantly seamlessly handover active sessions amidst them. This paper presents a survey of interworking architectures between IMT 2000 candidate networks that employ the use of IEFT protocols such as MIP, mSCTP, HIP, MOBIKE, IKEV2 and SIP etc. to bring about this much needed capacity

ADAPTIVE ROUTING BASED ON DELAY TRUSTED ROUTING IN ADHOC NETWORK

Existing network hardware is constantly being improved and new communication technology continues to be developed. Together with the trend that computing hardware becomes smaller and portable, this network technology progress has led to dynamic networks. Next generation wireless networks are characterized as heterogeneous networks, particularly in terms of its underlying technology. One of the challenges of these heterogeneous networks is to manage handoff. Mobile IP is chosen for managing the handoff to accommodate the all-IP vision of the future interconnected networks. However, the handoff management of the mobile IP is mainly for data services where delay is not of a major concern. Therefore, it would be considerable challenge to achieve low latency handoff for real-time services. In this paper, we propose a multicasting scheme for delay-sensitive applications

Macro/micro-mobility fast handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6

Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in the new era of Internet by handling routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. Users will move frequently between networks, as they stay connected to the Internet. Thus, as mobility increases across networks, handovers will significantly impact the quality of the connection and user application. However, MIPv6 only defines means of managing global (macro)-mobility but does not address micro-mobility separately. Instead, it uses the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long handover delay and signaling load. The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol has been proposed as an extension of basic MIPv6 to solve this problem by splitting the handover management into macro-mobility and micro-mobility schemes. HMIPv6 introduced a new protocol agent called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) to manage mobility and serve as a local entity to aid in mobile handover. The handover (or registration) operation is the operation when MN registers its presence to its Home Agent (HA) and Correspondent Node (CN). This paper proposes a mechanism to perform fast handover in HMIPv6 by adopting the multicast technique to the MAP for both macromobility and micro-mobility management. Our proposal is designed to minimize service disruption that occurs during the registration operation. We simulate the performance using network simulator (NS-2) and we present and analyze the performance testing for our proposal by comparing it with the basic hierarchical mobile IPv6. The results show that our scheme allows the MN to receive packets faster than the basic HMIPv6

Opportunistic mobility with multipath TCP

Proceedings of: ACM MobiArch 2011, The 6th ACM International Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture, June 28, 2011, Washington, D.C.Host mobility has traditionally been solved at the network layer, but even though Mobile IP has been standardised for 15 years, it hasn’t been supported by operators. IP’s double role as a location identif er and communication endpoint identif er brings a number of functional and performance problems. We argue that the best place to handle mobility is at the transport layer. While this is not a new argument, we believe that the emerging standard of Multipath TCP (MPTCP) can be used to solve many issues related to mobility. MPTCP naturally implements make-before-break, can be incrementally deployed, is backwards compatible with standard TCP, and could even ease incremental adoption of IPv6. Using simulations and indoor experiments with WiFi and 3G, we show that MPTCP gives better throughput, achieves smoother handoffs, and can be tuned to lower energy consumption.This research was supported by Trilogy (http://www.trilogy-project.org), a research project (ICT-216372) partially funded by the European Community under its Seventh Framework Programme. European Community's Seventh Framework ProgramThis work was partly funded by POSDRU/89/1.5/S/62557Publicad

Bootstrapping Real-world Deployment of Future Internet Architectures

The past decade has seen many proposals for future Internet architectures. Most of these proposals require substantial changes to the current networking infrastructure and end-user devices, resulting in a failure to move from theory to real-world deployment. This paper describes one possible strategy for bootstrapping the initial deployment of future Internet architectures by focusing on providing high availability as an incentive for early adopters. Through large-scale simulation and real-world implementation, we show that with only a small number of adopting ISPs, customers can obtain high availability guarantees. We discuss design, implementation, and evaluation of an availability device that allows customers to bridge into the future Internet architecture without modifications to their existing infrastructure

Control plane handoff analysis for IP mobility

Seamless host mobility is vital to future network mobility, and has been an active research area for a long time. Much research focuses on the performance of the data plane. In this paper, we present comprehensive analyses on the control (signalling) plane in the IETF Mobile IPv6, and compare it with the IRTF Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP). The control plane behaviour is important in order to assess the robustness and scalability of the mobility protocol. ILNP has a different mobility model from Mobile IPv6: it isa host-based, end-to-end architecture and does not require additional network-layer entities. Hence, the control signals are exchanged only between the end systems. We provide model-based analyses for handoff signalling, and show that ILNP is more efficient than MIPv6 in terms of robustness and scalability. The analytical models we present could also be adapted for other mobility solutions, for comparative assessment.Postprin

Multi RAT (WiFi/ LTE/ 5G) Mobile Network featuring RoF Fronthaul, 60 GHz Beam-Switching and Mobile IP

We report on a public field trial demonstrating seamless handover in a multi Radio Access Technology mobile network supporting WiFi, LTE, and new 5G radio access in the 60 GHz band for full-duplex enhanced mobile broadband and 5G broadcast hotspots