Wireless communication techniques, the right path to smart grid distribution systems: A review

The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key_index_factors in the development of a society. However, most of issues of worry are in the distribution system (DS), which, in the newest designs of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is being monitored by a central computer (CC). The CC in a DS is supplied by electronic devices, named Feeder_Remote Terminal_Units (FRTU), with operation data like current and voltage. The FRTUs found throughout the DS have the capabilities to start triggering actions to separate the portion of DS suffering an abnormal condition. However, the present grid suffers from its one way data communication installations. To address the challenges of the existing power grids, the use of the innovative communication technologies that have emerged over the recent past years along with wireless sensor network (WSN) play a fundamental role—leading eventually to the creation of smart grid Systems. This paper reviews the development of wireless communication technologies envisioned as full-duplex information exchange medium in the on-going discussion of Smart Grid Systems

Estudi comparatiu de la publicació científica de la UPC i l’ETSETB vs. altres universitats (2006-2016)

L'informe es centra en la publicació científica especialitzada en l'àmbit temàtic propi de l'ETSETB: l'enginyeria de telecomunicacions i l'electrònica. Es comparen indicadors bibliomètrics de la UPC i l'ETSETB amb els d'altres universitats nacionals, europees i internacionals amb activitat de recerca notable en l'àrea de les telecomunicacions i l'electrònica.Postprint (published version

Modelling and Synchronisation of Delayed Packet-Coupled Oscillators in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a Packet-Coupled Oscillators (PkCOs) synchronisation protocol is proposed for time-sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on Pulse-Coupled Oscillators (PCO) in mathematical biology. The effects of delays on synchronisation performance are studied through mathematical modelling and analysis of packet exchange and processing delays. The delay compensation strategy (i.e., feedforward control) is utilised to cancel delays effectively. A simple scheduling function is provided with PkCOs to allocate the packet transmission event to a specified time slot, by configuring reference input of the system to a non-zero value, in order to minimise the possibility of packet collision in synchronised wireless networks. The rigorous theoretical proofs are provided to validate the convergence and stability of the proposed synchronisation scheme. Finally, the simulations and experiments examine the effectiveness of PkCOs with delay compensation and scheduling strategies. The experimental results also show that the proposed PkCOs algorithm can achieve synchronisation with the precision of $26.3\mu s$ ($1$ tick)

Wavelet Transform Based Ball Bearing Fault Detection Scheme for Heavy Duty Mining Electrical Motors under Supply Frequency Regulation using MCSA

Most heavy duty mining electrical drives employ squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) which are subjected to various undesirable stresses. Therefore, condition monitoring of the SCIMs is indispensable for achieving production goals with minimum downtime in a fault-free working environment. Because bearing damage is the most frequently occurring fault in SCIMs, an effective fault detection scheme will aid in achieving production targets in an industrial mining scenario. In this regard, the present work intends to propose an effective fault monitoring algorithm, which is immune to supply frequency regulation, for the detection of ball bearing damage in an SCIM. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for the design of the fault detection scheme. Validation of the proposed scheme is done in a LabVIEW based laboratory interface. The complete analysis is carried out in MATLAB/ Simulink using a 5.5 kW, 3-phase, 415 V, 50 Hz SCIM

Cloud Based Remote FPGA Lab Platform: An Application of Internet of Things

IoT (Internet of Things) is the next generation of the Internet. The main goal of IoT is to connect each and every physical object to the Internet Cloud. This concept is introduced by bringing IoT technology to the laboratories, making expensive laboratory equipment available on-cloud for real-time experimentation. In this paper, an on CLP (Cloud Laboratory Platform) is presented by employing the concept of IoT to the academic experimentation environment. The CLP allows a rapid deployment of an online laboratory system enabling students and researchers to perform actual experiments on the on-Cloud laboratory equipment using a web interface. A web interface for end users to access front end of the system. This interface was developed for login purposes so that any user can perform experiments from anywhere. The interface also provides options for comments and feedback. Moreover, this research contribution also facilitate users to test their designs and record observations in real-time on the equipment. For demonstration purposes, a remote lab has been developed for high-tech Xilinx FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) development boards, namely Spartan-II and Spartan-III. This project aims to provide students a new tool to enhance their learning experience and encourage them to test their theoretical knowledge in practical applications

Optimizing Electricity Load and Cost for Demand Side Management in Smart Grid

This paper proposes a mechanism for OELC (Optimizing Electricity Load and Cost) for smart grid. The load of every smart home is predicted one-hour prior to their actual usage. To fulfill PL (Predicted Load) of each consumer, multiple resources of electricity are considered, including RE (Renewable Energy) resources. Furthermore, cost to get PL from multiple resources is calculated. In proposed model 3-4 smart homes are grouped in the form of clusters. To reduce the amount of electricity bills, system also allows privileges to share electricity between adjacent smart homes within a cluster. To validate the OELC mechanism, extensive numerical simulations are conducted which shows a significant reduction in electricity load and cost for electricity consumers. In future, to enhance the functionality of OELC, security from cyber-attacks can be considere

Modeling and Simulation of Five-Phase Induction Motor Fed With Pulse Width Modulated Five-Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter Topologies

This paper presents modelling and simulation of five-phase induction motor fed with pulse width modulated five-phase multilevel voltage source inverter. The conventional and diode clamped multilevel five-phase inverter configurations are reviewed with pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. A hybrid three-level inverter topology with less number of components count is proposed for five-phase induction motor drive. The dynamic analysis of five-phase voltage equations in d-q axis of the induction motor are stated and modelled usingMatlab/Simulink/Simscape blocks. The simulation results based on conventional and threelevel five-phase inverters are displayed while the hybrid inverter topology showed some better performance based on the following: : at 0.0127secs maximum torque of 34.54Nm occurred, maximum stator current occurred for 0.18secs with a value of 10A, 9.99% total harmonic distortion was obtained and 15KW power rating was obtained

HVDC Control and operation for the integration of extremely high-RES systems with focus on permanent DC faults

This master thesis presents the control and analysis of a DC fault on a zero inertia offshore grid integrating multiple Voltage Source Converters. The system analyzed consists in an offshore grid which includes two wind power plants and two offshore converter platforms. These two offshore converter platforms are connected to two different onshore grids through High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) point-to-point connections. First, the modeling and control of Voltage Source Converters for offshore wind energy HVDC systems are presented. Two control strategies are described for them depending on their operating mode which can be grid-forming or grid-following. Then, the complete model of the system, including the onshore grids, is presented. For simulation purposes an aggregated model is used for the WPPs. Further, two control methods for power reduction for the system to be able to perform correctly under DC faults are proposed. Finally, a simulation of the modelled system under a pole-to-pole DC fault on one of the HVDC transmission links is performed and evaluated by means of time domain simulations using Matlab Simulink®.Outgoin

Síntese de controladores droop para paralelismo de UPS

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de controladores droop para a operação de sistemas ininterruptos de energia em paralelo em uma configuração off-grid. O sistema foi dividido em dois laços, um interno responsável pela regulação da tensão de saída e um externo responsável pela regulação das potências. Dois controladores internos distintos foram implementados para o seguimento da referência, um PID projetado para atender as atenuações das distorções harmônicas especificadas na IEC 62040-3 e um ressonante projetado por LMI (do termo em inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities). O laço externo é composto por um controlador do tipo droop que altera a fase da referência do controlador interno para regular a potência ativa e a amplitude da mesma para o controle da potência reativa. O controle da potência reativa se dá por um controlador proporcional, enquanto o ajuste da potência ativa é realizado por um controlador proporcional integral da fase para ambos controladores internos. Para fins de comparação, foi também implementado um ajuste de fase do sinal de referência puramente proporcional à potência ativa. Verificou-se o comportamento do sistema para duas UPS de 3,5kVA partido com defasagem de 1,5 graus entre suas referências e aplicou-se os testes de carga especificados na norma IEC 62040-3 para uma carga de 7kVA. Todos resultados foram obtidos mediante co-simulações computacionais realizadas com os software Matlab/Simulink e PSIM.This paper presents the development of droop controllers applied to the parallelism of uninterrupted power supplies systems in off-grid configuration. The system was divided in two loops, the inner one responsible for the output voltage regulation and the external one responsible for the power regulation. Two different inner controllers were implemented in order to track the reference, a PID designed to comply the individual harmonic distortions attenuations specified by the norm IEC 62040-3 and a resonant designed by the solution of an optimization problem unde linear matrix inequalities - lmi constraints. The external loop is composed of a droop controller that changes the phase of the inner controller reference to control the active power and its amplitude to control the reactive power. The reactive power control is purely proportional, while the active power controller assumes a proportional integral structure. Also a purely proportional adjust of the phase was implemented for the resonant controller. The behavior of the system was verified for two UPS of 3,5kVA starting with a gap of 1,5 degrees between their references and load tests were applied as specified in the norm IEC 62040-3 for a 7kVA load. All results were obtained through a co-simulation with the software Matlab/Simulink and PSIM

Smart grid framework analysis and artificial neutral network in load forecast

Power system is the one of the most critical parts of the whole energy utilization around the world. Recently people pay more attention to the energy utilization, new types of generations, storages and power utilization need to increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission. Due to the power grid currently is still mainly under the old-designed approach, it is increasingly exposed limitation on efficiency enhancement, security and reliability improvement, new technologies compatibility and meeting larger power capacity requirements. Thus, Smart Grid is 'born' to improve power grid for these requirements. It is an overlapping area between power system and digital technology, intelligent technology, communication technology and so on. Smart Grid can provide updates for nearly all sections of traditional power grid. It is a systematic framework that new technologies integration, system development strategy and planning, customers' awareness improvements and supports from all relevant areas. The areas must be operated in coordination and parallel. Firstly, this thesis introduces Smart Grid and Smart Metering on its definition, characteristics and deployment. Secondly, this thesis describes a load forecasting system for macro-grid. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was introduced to achieve this work for its excellent mapping approximation ability. In the third section, thesis focuses on load forecasting for micro-grid. BackPropagation method is used to train the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN and its results were compared to that from Radial Basis Function (RBF) ANN. Analysis was focused not only on the two networks but also ANN generalization problems and differences between micro-grid load and macro-grid load prediction