Research and Design in Unified Coding Architecture for Smart Grids

 Standardized and sharing information platform is the foundation of the Smart Grids. In order to improve the dispatching center information integration of the power grids and achieve efficient data exchange, sharing and interoperability, a unified coding architecture is proposed. The architecture includes coding management layer, coding generation layer, information models layer and application system layer. Hierarchical design makes the whole coding architecture to adapt to different application environments, different interfaces, loosely coupled requirements, which can realize the integration model management function of the power grids. The life cycle and evaluation method of survival of unified coding architecture is proposed. It can ensure the stability and availability of the coding architecture. Finally, the development direction of coding technology of the Smart Grids in future is prospected

A critical comparison of approaches to resource name management within the IEC common information model

Copyright @ 2012 IEEEElectricity network resources are frequently identified within different power systems by inhomogeneous names and identities due to the legacy of their administration by different utility business domains. The IEC 61970 Common Information Model (CIM) enables network modeling to reflect the reality of multiple names for unique network resources. However this issue presents a serious challenge to the integrity of a shared CIM repository that has the task of maintaining a resource manifest, linking network resources to master identities, when unique network resources may have multiple names and identities derived from different power system models and other power system applications. The current approach, using CIM 15, is to manage multiple resource names within a singular CIM namespace utilizing the CIM “IdentifiedObject” and “Name” classes. We compare this approach to one using additional namespaces relating to different power systems, similar to the practice used in CIM extensions, in order to more clearly identify the genealogy of a network resource, provide faster model import times and a simpler means of supporting the relationship between multiple resource names and identities and a master resource identity.This study is supported by the UK National Grid and Brunel University

MODELOWANIE SYSTEMU ELEKTROENERGETYCZNEGO Z UŻYCIEM STANDARDU CIM IEC61970

The article describes general power system modeling rules based on international standard IEC61970. Discussion has been divided on three stages. In the first case the genesis of standard has been shown. The second describes structure and dependencies. In the end of the article some practical example has been presented. Additionally, the classification of the various standard’s parts categories has been shown.W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono ogólne zasady posługiwania się normą IEC61970. Artykuł podzielono na trzy części. W pierwszej opisano genezę powstania standardu, w drugiej jego strukturę i zależności. Na koniec zaprezentowano praktyczny przykład użycia wspomnianej normy w oparciu o wybrany model SEE. Dodatkowo, przedstawiono klasyfikację poszczególnych części standardu oraz omówiono ich znaczenie i zastosowanie

Smart grid interoperability use cases for extending electricity storage modeling within the IEC Common Information Model

Copyright @ 2012 IEEEThe IEC Common Information Model (CIM) is recognized as a core standard, supporting electricity transmission system interoperability. Packages of UML classes make up its domain ontology to enable a standardised abstraction of network topology and proprietary power system models. Since the early days of its design, the CIM has grown to reflect the widening scope and detail of utility information use cases as the desire to interoperate between a greater number of systems has increased. The cyber-physical nature of the smart grid places even greater demand upon the CIM to model future scenarios for power system operation and management that are starting to arise. Recent developments of modern electricity networks have begun to implement electricity storage (ES) technologies to provide ancillary balancing services, useful to grid integration of large-scale renewable energy systems. In response to this we investigate modeling of grid-scale electricity storage, by drawing on information use cases for future smart grid operational scenarios at National Grid, the GB Transmission System Operator. We find current structures within the CIM do not accommodate the informational requirements associated with novel ES systems and propose extensions to address this requirement.This study is supported by the UK National Grid and Brunel Universit

Information standards to support application and enterprise interoperability for the smart grid

Copyright @ 2012 IEEE.Current changes in the European electricity industry are driven by regulatory directives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, at the same time as replacing aged infrastructure and maintaining energy security. There is a wide acceptance of the requirement for smarter grids to support such changes and accommodate variable injections from renewable energy sources. However the design templates are still emerging to manage the level of information required to meet challenges such as balancing, planning and market dynamics under this new paradigm. While secure and scalable cloud computing architectures may contribute to supporting the informatics challenges of the smart grid, this paper focuses on the essential need for business alignment with standardised information models such as the IEC Common Information Model (CIM), to leverage data value and control system interoperability. In this paper we present details of use cases being considered by National Grid, the GB transmission system operator for information interoperability in pan-network system management and planning.This study is financially supported by the National Grid, UK

Interoperability Framework for Data Exchange between Legacy and Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Performance of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is improving due to the introduction of International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) 61850 standard based smart meters and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs).  Whereas, legacy metering infrastructure and devices can not be ignored due to their wide spread use and substantial capital investment, but at the same time advance technology based smart meters are forcing utilities to adopt new technology in metering.  Middle path, before complete transformation takes place, seems to be to make legacy and AMI interoperable. This paper proposes a solution where applications from different manufacturers can access a standard interoperable metered data. A novel solution is also provided for accessing the meter metadata without manually inputting the address parameters of a particular meter to reduce the development time involved in deploying the AMI head-ends. Keywords: AMI, AMI Head-end, IEC 61850, Interoperability, Metadata, Smart Grid, XML Databas

Decentralized TSO-DSO coordination for voltage regulation purposes based on renewable energy sources management – Sensitivity and robustness analyses

Copyright © 2022 The Author. The increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in distribution networks has led traditional voltage regulation to their boundaries. In order to develop advanced techniques for voltage control in this new context, an adequate and real-time coordination and communication between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) is needed. In this paper, a decentralized TSO-DSO coordination approach for scheduling and deploying optimal reactive power exchanges in the DSO's boundary for improved voltage control in the TSO's networks is proposed. The proposed approach is implemented via a standardized Business Use Case (BUC). The interoperability between the TSO, the DSO, and other stakeholders is solved by designing and developing the BUC within the framework of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Common Information Model (CIM) family of standards IEC61970, IEC61968, and IEC62325. In view of the lack of pilot tests in the field, the proposed standardized BUC is demonstrated on real-world Slovenian TSO's and DSO's networks. The simulation experiments presented in this paper are twofold. On one hand, the proposed data exchange mechanism based on the standardized BUC demonstrates the feasibility of successfully exchanging data between the TSO, the DSO, and other stakeholders, such as the Significant Grid Users (SGUs) and Meter Operators, as a CIM Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES) format. On the other hand, the capability of the proposed decentralized TSO-DSO coordination approach to regulate the High Voltage (HV) by managing the reactive power injected by different RES, such as capacitor banks and different Distributed Generators (DGs), viz. hydropower, Photovoltaic (PV), and thermal (co-generation) units, is validated via sensitivity and robustness analyses for different network topologies, DGs’ operating scenarios, and capacitor banks’ sizes and locations. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can manage DGs toward contributing additional (positive or negative) reactive power to reduce the voltage deviations in the grid, improve the power quality at the DSO's boundary by reducing the flow of reactive power from the TSO's to the DSO's networks and vice versa, and keep the HV voltage within safe values. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the capacitor banks, where the capability of the proposed approach to manage their injected reactive power to regulate the HV voltage is highly dependent on their sizes and location, being necessary to be studied on a case-by-case basis.This paper is based on TDX-ASSIST project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 774500

A Survey on Cyber Security for Smart Grid Networks

Smart grid is a electrical grid in which power generation units, transmission units, distribution units and electricity consumers are connected using advanced communication and information technologies. It is a new form of next generation power grid. Most of the countries across the globe are transforming their existing electrical grids to smart grid and hence smart grid technology is progressing worldwide. Smart grid provides a bi-directional flow of electricity and information from generation to transmission to distribution and hence more exposed to attacks. Many advanced communication technologies have been identified for smart grid usages. A secure communication infrastructure is a critical component of smart grid systems. Success of smart grids highly depends on secure communication network. Thus cyber security of smart grid networks is very important. In this paper, we summarize the cyber security threats, possible vulnerabilities and existing standards and solutions available for cyber security in smart grids networks based on the available reference material. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15050