Hybrid systems in automotive electronics design

Automotive electronic design is certainly one of the most attractive and promising application domains for hybrid system techniques. Some successful hybrid system applications to automotive model development and control algorithm design have already been reported in the literature. However, despite the significant advances achieved in the past few years, hybrid methods are in general still not mature enough for their effective introduction in the automotive industry design processes at large. In this paper, we take a broad view of the development process for embedded control systems in the automotive industry with the purpose of identifying challenges and additional opportunities for hybrid systems. We identify critical steps in the design flow and extract a number of open problems where hybrid system technology might play an important role

Development and Implementation of a Fault Mitigating Control System for a Biodiesel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle for the EcoCar: The NeXt Challenge Competition

The automotive industry is continuously developing, and with it hybrid vehicle technology is a growing field of interest. The design of the electric vehicle is a pressing matter and grows in complexity with new powertrain components such as power inverters and transmission systems that use electric motors. As a control system develops, the architecture always comes back to systems engineering documentation to find safety protocols, solutions to problems through fault testing, and validating and verifying the control architecture throughout the whole process. Testing and evaluation plans are required more than ever and are constantly being updated and implemented in today\u27s automotive production standards. The paper discusses the development and implementation of the control system through the use of systems engineering of a hybrid vehicle as part of a competition called EcoCar: The NeXt Challenge

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEV)- DC MOTOR COUPLE THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

An electric vehicle control system controls motor response based upon monitored vehicle characteristics to provide consistent vehicle performance under a variety of conditions for a given accelerator manipulation. With emphasis on a cleaner environment and efficient operation, vehicles today rely more and more heavily on electrical power generation for success. With the oil price shocks of the past few decades, as well as an increasing awareness of the emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases from cars and trucks, the interest to investigate alternative vehicle propulsion systems has grown. This challenge of fuel economy standards is promoting optimised and sometimes novel vehicle power automotive architectures, which combine the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) with various forms of electric drives. The different types of the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are real competitors of the classical ICE driven cars. The controller of induction motor (IM) is designed based on input-output feedback linearization technique. It allows greater electrical generation capacity and the fuel economy and emissions benefits of hybrid electric automotive propulsion. Finally, a typical series hybrid electric vehicle is modelled and investigated. Control system integrated starter dc motor couple three phase induction motor for automotive applications. Various tests, such as acceleration traversing ramp, and fuel consumption and emission are performed on the proposed model of 3 phase induction motor coupler dc motor in electric hybrid vehicles drive

Table 1. Quick reference data Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Intermediate level gate drive N-channel enhancement mode Field-Effect Transistor (FET) in a plastic package using advanced TrenchMOS technology. This product has been designed and qualified to the appropriate AEC Q101 standard for use in high performance automotive applications. 1.2 Features and benefits � AEC Q101 compliant � Suitable for standard and logic level gate drive sources � Suitable for thermally demanding environments due to 175 °C rating 1.3 Applications � 12 V Automotive systems � Electric and electro-hydraulic power steering � Motors, lamps and solenoid control � Start-Stop micro-hybrid applications � Transmission control � Ultra high performance power switching 1.4 Quick reference dat

A framework for cooperative engineering

This paper discusses a framework for Cooperative Engineering (CE) and itsprototype implementation. Cooperative Engineering concerns the application ofConcurrent Engineering techniques to the design and development of products and oftheir manufacturing systems by a network of companies coming together exclusively forthat purpose. CE is a common practice in many industries such as automotive, aerospace,shipbuilding, defence, and pharmaceutical. This framework provides a formal model forCE. This is done in the context of distributed hybrid systems (DHS), a modelling andcontrol framework for networked systems introduced recently by the control andcomputer science communities

PREDICTIVE POWERTRAIN – N EW OPPORTUNITIES BY NETWORKING SYSTEMS

International audienceThese days it is not enough to think about downsizing of engines or the use of hybrid systems to keep upcoming CO 2 regulations as well as customer demands. Furthermore most of the vehicles’ components are highly optimized. The realization of further significant optimizations is only possible through a connection between these components. Intensive research activities play a major role in making Bosch a market and innovation leader in electronic powertrain and safety systems. And in diesel and gasoline engines as well, there are technological possibilities for reducing consumption evenfurther. What all powertrains have in common is the potential to reduce emissions and fuel consumption even further through networking of existing vehicle systems across all vehicle domains. The advent of electromobility is bringing together two areas of automotive technology that were traditionally regarded in isolation from one another – powertrains and chassis. Furthermore Bosch links automotive systems with data from the electronic horizon, which senses the vehicle’s environment and provides a detailed preview of the road ahead. Bosch Engineering GmbH is using cross-system networking within a concept vehicle as well as with external systems to develop new functions. The networking of vehicle systems encompasses the ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control), the electronic stability program ESP® and the whole powertrain (ICE and hybrid). Going beyond vehicle systems, automotive systems are also linked to data from the electronic horizon (interface to navigation system), this feature acts as a sensor to the environment to provide a detailed virtual preview of the route ahead. New functions thereby reduce fuel consumption and increase the level of comfort and safety. This paper provides an overview on the system approach and practical developments of Bosch Engineering in this area

Heterogeneous and hybrid control with application in automotive systems

Control systems for automotive systems have acquired a new level of complexity. To fulfill the requirements of the controller specifications new technologies are needed. In many cases high performance and robust control cannot be provided by a simple conventional controller anymore. In this case hybrid combinations of local controllers, gain scheduled controllers and global stabilisation concepts are necessary. A considerable number of state-of-the-art automotive controllers (anti-lock brake system (ABS), electronic stabilising program (ESP)) already incorporate heterogeneous and hybrid control concepts as ad-hoc solutions. In this work a heterogeneous/hybrid control system is developed for a test vehicle in order to solve a clearly specified and relevant automotive control problem. The control system will be evaluated against a state-of-the-art conventional controller to clearly show the benefits and advantages arising from the novel approach. A multiple model-based observer/estimator for the estimation of parameters is developed to reset the parameter estimate in a conventional Lyapunov based nonlinear adaptive controller. The advantage of combining both approaches is that the performance of the controller with respect to disturbances can be improved considerably because a reduced controller gain will increase the robustness of the approach with respect to noise and unmodelled dynamics. Several alternative resetting criteria are developed based on a control Lyapunov function, such that resetting guarantees a decrease in the Lyapunov function. Since ABS systems have to operate on different possibly fast changing road surfaces the application of hybrid methodologies is apparent. Four different model based wheel slip controllers will be presented: two nonlinear approaches combined with parameter resetting, a simple linear controller that has been designed using the technique of simultaneously stabilising a set of linear plants as well as a sub-optimal linear quadratic (LQ)-controller. All wheel slip controllers operate as low level controllers in a modular structure that has been developed for the ABS problem. The controllers will be applied to a real Mercedes E-class passenger car. The vehicle is equipped with a brake-by-wire system and electromechanical brake actuators. Extensive real life tests show the benefits of the hybrid approaches in a fast changing environment

Car Industry developments – oil industry challenges

Automotive industry of Europe is one of the greatest economical powers, the „engine of Europe”. It employs directly 2.2 million people and 10 million in related industries and services. Combined turnover of automotive manufacturers reaches 700 billion EUR (retail another 520 billion EUR). The industry is the largest R&D investor in EU. On the other hand the transport sector carries a huge safety and environmental risk. Thanks to this fact the automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in the EU. As a result of these regulations: one average car built in 1970s produced as many pollutant elements as one hundred cars manufactured today. These achievements are based on struggles of both the auto and oil industry as parallel with technology development in car industry fuel quality developments achieved by the oil industry drove to a much “cleaner” fuel quality (unleaded sulphur free petrol, reduction of aromatics, benzene; sulphur free diesel, reduction of density, poly-aromatics, etc.). In the end of the 1990s, and especially for the last few years new challenges came into the focus of the auto and oil industry of the EU and the world. Concerns about high energy prices and price volatility, security of worldwide oil supply and climate change became a main policy agenda of the EU and the world. This new policy is reflected in new regulatory initiatives requiring cars using less energy more efficiently, emitting less carbondioxide and using growing proportion of renewable fuels. The European Commission declared the idea of “Cars for Fuels” instead of “Fuels for Cars”. This article discusses in detail the regulations and challenges that rose towards oil and car industry during the recent years. It describes the possible solutions in order to fulfil the requirements of the EU. After that a wide picture is presented without going into much detail on developments of the automotive industry. Developments are divided between vehicle level, engine level and fuel level technologies, also paying attention to technologies that are less known or rather futuristic

Modular switched reluctance machines to be used in automotive applications

In the last decades industry, including also that of electrical machines and drives, was pushed near to its limits by the high market demands and fierce competition. As a response to the demanding challenges, improvements were made both in the design and manufacturing of electrical machines and drives. One of the introduced advanced technological solutions was the modular construction. This approach enables on a hand easier and higher productivity manufacturing, and on the other hand fast repairing in exploitation. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are very well fitted for modular construction, since the magnetic insulation of the phases is a basic design requirement. The paper is a survey of the main achievements in the field of modular electrical machines, (especially SRMs), setting the focus on the machines designed to be used in automotive applications