115,266 research outputs found
Quantify resilience enhancement of UTS through exploiting connect community and internet of everything emerging technologies
This work aims at investigating and quantifying the Urban Transport System
(UTS) resilience enhancement enabled by the adoption of emerging technology
such as Internet of Everything (IoE) and the new trend of the Connected
Community (CC). A conceptual extension of Functional Resonance Analysis Method
(FRAM) and its formalization have been proposed and used to model UTS
complexity. The scope is to identify the system functions and their
interdependencies with a particular focus on those that have a relation and
impact on people and communities. Network analysis techniques have been applied
to the FRAM model to identify and estimate the most critical community-related
functions. The notion of Variability Rate (VR) has been defined as the amount
of output variability generated by an upstream function that can be
tolerated/absorbed by a downstream function, without significantly increasing
of its subsequent output variability. A fuzzy based quantification of the VR on
expert judgment has been developed when quantitative data are not available.
Our approach has been applied to a critical scenario (water bomb/flash
flooding) considering two cases: when UTS has CC and IoE implemented or not.
The results show a remarkable VR enhancement if CC and IoE are deploye
A Storm in an IoT Cup: The Emergence of Cyber-Physical Social Machines
The concept of social machines is increasingly being used to characterise
various socio-cognitive spaces on the Web. Social machines are human
collectives using networked digital technology which initiate real-world
processes and activities including human communication, interactions and
knowledge creation. As such, they continuously emerge and fade on the Web. The
relationship between humans and machines is made more complex by the adoption
of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and devices. The scale, automation,
continuous sensing, and actuation capabilities of these devices add an extra
dimension to the relationship between humans and machines making it difficult
to understand their evolution at either the systemic or the conceptual level.
This article describes these new socio-technical systems, which we term
Cyber-Physical Social Machines, through different exemplars, and considers the
associated challenges of security and privacy.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
āSmart Citiesā ā Dynamic Sustainability Issues and Challenges for āOld Worldā Economies: A Case from the United Kingdom
The rapid and dynamic rate of urbanization, particularly in emerging world economies, has resulted in a need to ļ¬nd sustainable ways of dealing with the excessive strains and pressures that come to bear on existing infrastructures and relationships. Increasingly during the twenty-ļ¬rst century policy makers have turned to technological solutions to deal with this challenge and the dynamics inherent within it. This move towards the utilization of technology to underpin infrastructure has led to the emergence of the term āSmart Cityā. Smart cities incorporate technology based solutions in their planning development and operation. This paper explores the organizational issues and challenges facing a post-industrial agglomeration in the North West of England as it attempted to become a āSmart Cityā. In particular the paper identiļ¬es and discusses the factors that posed signiļ¬cant challenges for the dynamic relationships residents, policymakers and public and private sector organizations and as a result aims to use these micro-level issues to inform the macro-debate and context of wider Smart City discussions. In order to achieve this, the paper develops a range of recommendations that are designed to inform Smart City design, planning and implementation strategies
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