Implementasi Kombinasi Metode AFF dan FBET Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Citra

Image enhancement is one of the most popular research topics currently in the field of image processing. Often image has poor quality caused by various factors such as lighting factor, enviromental factor or low quality of camera, and others. A number of these disturbances often become a barrier in improving the image quality where handling is the main objective of this research is done in the form of methodology base on the combination of AFF dan FBET algorithm. The result of the test on the proposed methodology show that in the process of noise loss continued with the image sharpening process obtained the value of PSNR = 18.56 dB is more optimal than the first done image sharpening process with the value of PSNR = 18.10 dB

Analisis Kualitas Citra Hasil Reduksi Noise Menggunakan Spatial Median Filter dan Adaptive Fuzzy Filter Terhadap Variasi Kedalaman Citra

Algoritma reduksi noise salt pada citra mampu mengurangi sebagian atau keseluruhan noise, tapi berdampak pada keragaman informasi dan kualitas citra. Persentase noise yang lebih besar juga membuat perubahan yang besar pada citra, namun hasilnya dapat berbeda untuk citra dengan kedalaman bit yang berbeda-beda. Kemampuan algoritma reduksi noise mampu bekerja maksimal untuk noise di bawah 20%. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai proses reduksi noise citra diantaranya menggunakan algoritma Adaptive Fuzzy Filter (AFF) dan Spatial Median Filter (SMF) yang mampu menghilangkan noise. Keduanya mampu mereduksi noise dengan hasil maksimal di bawah 45% pada citra 8 bit, namun menyisakan beberapa noise. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji kinerja algoritma dan dampaknya terhadap citra dengan noise yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini khusus mengatasi noise jenis salt and pepper dengan persentase noise di atas 45% pada citra warna bitmap. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis citra hasil mulai dari kualitas citra dan keragaman informasi setelah proses reduksi noise dengan menggunakan Algoritma SMF dan AFF. Dari hasil pengujian citra untuk persentase noise salt 45%, 55%, 65%, dan 75% pada kedalaman citra 8, 16, dan 24 bit, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Algoritma AFF lebih baik dibandingkan SMF mengacu pada nilai Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), sebaliknya algoritma SMF lebih baik untuk keragaman informasi, mengacu pada nilai shannon entropy. Kedua hal ini berlaku untuk semua variasi kedalaman citra warna

High-stability AWFM filter for signal restoration and its hardware design

[[abstract]]An adaptive weighted fuzzy mean (AWFM) filter with high stability is proposed for signal restoration in this paper. AWFM is an extension of weighted fuzzy mean (WFM) filter by linking a fuzzy detector and a dynamic selection procedure to WFM in order to overcome the drawback of WFM in fine signal preservation. The fuzzy detector detects the amplitude of impulse noise, which will be used as the argument of the dynamic selection procedure, by referring to two fuzzy intervals and the WFM-filtered outputs. Then, the dynamic selection procedure applies four heuristic decision rules to determine the final filtering output. AWFM not only preserves the high performance of WFM on removing heavy additive impulse noise, but also improves the performance of WFM on light additive impulse noise. Moreover, it results in a high stability on the full range of noise occurrence probability. Compared with the other filters, AWFM exhibits better performance in the criteria of mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE). On the subjective evaluation of those filtered images, AWFM also results in a higher quality of global restoration. For the dedicated hardware implementation, the kernel of AWFM filter, WFM, is synthesized with the generic LR fuzzy cells which realize high-speed fuzzy inference. The hardware complexity is much simpler than the conventional median filter, and simulation result exhibits that up to 6.6M pixels per second can be filtered by a WFM filter with small chip area

An NMR Study of Helium-3 Adsorbed on Hexagonal Boron Nitride

A Pulse-NMR study of helium-3 adsorbed on hexagonal boron-nitride (BN) powder has been performed. Structurally very similar to graphite, the exposed basalplanes present a very smooth, ideal adsorbing surface and lack its undesirable strong anisotropic diamagnetism. The relaxation times T1 and T2 of helium-3 have been measured as a function of coverage, temperature and frequency. A variety of two dimensional phases have been observed including: a fluid, commensurate solid, incommensurate solid plus a separate crystallite edge film. 2D melting in the incommensurate solid and an order-disorder transition in the commensurate solid have been observed. Evidence for a low temperature, low coverage fluid+commensurate solid coexistence which transforms to a single phase at higher temperatures plus a possible domain-wall phase at higher coverages has been identified. Coupled magnetic relaxation between the helium-3 film and substrate boron-11 spins has been noted. Boron-11 relaxation times have been measured against coverage and temperature. Heteronuclear relaxation is particularly important in the commensurate phases where it can dominate homonuclear spin-lattice relaxation, providing a powerful new probe of the low coverage phases. Based on the detailed theory of coupled magnetic dipolar relaxation a model has been developed which quantitatively describes all the important features of the data many of which are unique to the BN/3He system. Presented separately in chapter 8, it concludes the magnetic properties of registered helium 3 spins are dominated by 14N�� 3He cross relaxation processes, mediated by the €14N quadrupole splitting at FQ(14N) and driven by exchange motion in the film. Using a computer for unattended, real-time experimental control has allowed substantial quantities of high quality relaxation data to be taken. Off-line, automated, numerical analysis of raw spin-echo and processed data has been extensively used. Modelling relaxation data with a stretched-exponential function, h(t) = h(0) exp(ta/T1,2) has provided a exceptionally sensitive indicator of physical changes in the film