Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM): a review of published case studies

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is gaining popularity worldwide as a system of collaboration and data management for the AEC sectors. However, the usefulness of BIM has largely been seen in the design and construction phases, rather than in post-construction - for example in facilities management or occupancy. As the concept of BIM has matured, there has been increasing interest in applying these concepts and technologies to heritage buildings (HBIM), despite some fundamental differences: heritage buildings usually have a long history of use, re-use and alteration; their management is often related to conservation rather than occupancy; and they are often a social and community resource. Therefore, HBIM is faced with a different set of stakeholders to ‘standard BIM’, which leads us to question the optimistic perceptions of its usefulness when BIM is applied to a historic built environment context. We investigate this question by thinking about how we can characterise HBIM, and what sort of information will give us further insights. Using published case studies as a source of secondary data, we have collected information about specific characteristics, which we analyse and use to discuss the uptake of HBIM, the purpose of HBIM and the role of stakeholders. We conclude that there needs to be a significant change in perception of HBIM by academics and technicians, before it is likely to be adopted by practitioners in the heritage sector

Protocol to manage heritage-building interventions using Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM)

[EN] The workflow in historic architecture projects presents problems related to the lack of clarity of processes, dispersion of information and the use of outdated tools. Different heritage organisations have showed interest in innovative methods to resolve those problems and improve cultural tourism for sustainable economic development. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a suitable computerised system for improving heritage management. Its application to historic buildings is named Historic BIM (HBIM). HBIM literature highlights the need for further research in terms of the overall processes of heritage projects, its practical implementation and a need for better cultural documentation. This work uses Design Science Research to develop a protocol to improve the workflow in heritage interdisciplinary projects. Research techniques used include documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. HBIM is proposed as a virtual model that will hold heritage data and will articulate processes. As a result, a simple and visual HBIM protocol was developed and applied in a real case study. The protocol was named BIMlegacy and it is divided into eight phases: building registration, determine intervention options, develop design for intervention, planning the physical intervention, physical intervention, handover, maintenance and culture dissemination. It contemplates all the stakeholders involved.We would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the support received to develop the project entitled: Design of a Database, Management Model for the Information and Knowledge of Architectural Heritage (HAR2013-41614-R), in kind support from the stakeholders involved. We would also like to thank the University of Huddersfield and the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for their support of this research.Jordán-Palomar, I.; Tzortzopoulos, P.; G-Valldecabres, J.; Pellicer Armiñana, E. (2018). Protocol to manage heritage-building interventions using Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). Sustainability. 10(4):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030908S11910

Protocol to manage heritage-building interventions using Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM)

[ES] Los proyectos de arquitectura patrimonial conllevan trabajo colaborativo entre diferentes agentes tales como arquitectos, ingenieros, arqueólogos, historiadores, restauradores, propietarios, etc. Tradicionalmente cada disciplina ha trabajado de manera independiente generando información dispersa. El flujo de trabajo en los proyectos patrimoniales presenta problemas relacionados con la desorganización de procesos, la dispersión de información y el uso de herramientas obsoletas. Diferentes organizaciones abogan por usar métodos innovadores para tratar de resolver estos problemas. BIM (Building Information Modelling) se ha postulado como una metodología adecuada para mejorar la gestión del patrimonio arquitectónico. La aplicación de BIM a construcciones históricas, denominada HBIM (Heritage BIM), ha probado tener múltiples ventajas para gestionar proyectos patrimoniales. Sin embargo, la literatura científica pone de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir investigando en los procesos de los proyectos patrimoniales, la implementación práctica de HBIM, la simplificación de la laboriosa tarea de modelado HBIM y la documentación de los proyectos HBIM. La finalidad de esta investigación es el desarrollo de un protocolo que ordene la gestión de proyectos patrimoniales usando HBIM y el diseño de una plataforma web que sincronice la información patrimonial. DSR (Design Science Research) es el método de investigación usado para desarrollar dicho protocolo que ayude a mejorar el flujo de trabajo en los proyectos patrimoniales. Las técnicas de investigación usadas han sido el análisis documental, casos de estudio, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Se analizaron los procesos HBIM y se estudiaron los requerimientos de los agentes patrimoniales. Como resultado, se desarrolló el protocolo BIMlegacy, dividido en ocho pasos y contemplando a todos los agentes que participan en proyectos patrimoniales. Dicho protocolo se aplicó en el caso de estudio de Fixby Hall, en Huddersfield (Reino Unido), y sus resultados fueron expuestos en un workshop interdisciplinar para validar y mejorar el protocolo BIMlegacy. Basado en este protocolo, se desarrolló la plataforma BIMlegacy como herramienta para poder llevar a cabo este flujo de trabajo donde agentes interdisciplinares pueden unificar y sincronizar la información patrimonial. Este innovador sistema en la nube conecta la base de datos intrínseca de los programas HBIM con bases de datos patrimoniales usando un plug in para Revit de Autodesk, una web API, un servidor SQL y un portal web. La plataforma BIMlegacy se diseñó como una web de trabajo, pero también como una web de difusión cultural donde el público generalista puede acceder a cierta información de los monumentos. El protocolo y la plataforma BIMlegacy fueron usados para gestionar el proyecto de Registro de San Juan del Hospital. El protocolo, la plataforma y los resultados del proyecto de San Juan del Hospital fueron expuestos en un grupo focal en Valencia con profesionales para su evaluación científica. La contribución teórica de esta investigación ha sido el descubrimiento de problemas en el modelado HBIM que no habían sido especificados antes, beneficios del HBIM (por ejemplo, el uso de plataformas online o el filtrado de información en sistemas HBIM) y requerimientos para implementar HBIM en la práctica tales como la necesidad de un protocolo simple e intuitivo y de ofrecer entrenamiento específico a los agentes no técnicos. Las contribuciones prácticas al conocimiento han sido la creación del protocolo BIMlegacy con la lista de agentes patrimoniales y la integración de procesos tradicionales, el diseño de la plataforma BIMlegacy con la sincronización de la información en tiempo real que permite que los agentes no técnicos puedan participar activamente en los modelos HBIM, el uso de HBIM como una herramienta de gestión, y la aportación de información rigurosa volcada por profe[CA] Els projectes d`arquitectura patrimonial comporten treballs col·laboratius entre diferents agents tals com arquitectes , enginyers ,arqueòlegs , historiadors, restauradors , propietaris , etc. Tradicionalment cada disciplina ha treballat de manera independent generant informació dispersa. El flux de treball en els projectes patrimonials presenta problemes relacionats amb la desorganització de processos, la dispersió d'informació i l'ús d'eines obsoletes. Diferents organitzacions promouen fer servir mètodes innovadors per a tractar de resoldre aquests problemes i fer del patrimoni cultural un motor de desenvolupament socioeconòmic. BIM (Building Information Modelling) s'ha postulat com una metodologia adequada per millorar la gestió del patrimoni arquitectònic. L'aplicació de BIM a construccions històriques, anomenada HBIM (Heritage BIM), ha demostrat tenir múltiples avantatges per gestionar projectes patrimonials. No obstant això, la literatura científica posa de manifest la necessitat de seguir investigant en els processos dels projectes patrimonials, la implementació pràctica de HBIM, la simplificació de la laboriosa tasca de modelatge HBIM i la documentació dels projectes HBIM. L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació és el desenvolupament d'un protocol que ordeni la gestió de projectes patrimonials usant HBIM i el disseny d'una plataforma web que sincronitzi la informació patrimonial. DSR (Design Science Research) és el mètode d'investigació utilitzat per desenvolupar aquest protocol que ajudi a millorar el flux de treball en els projectes patrimonials. Les tècniques d'investigació utilitzades han estat l'anàlisi documental, entrevistes semi-estructurades i grups focals. També es van analitzar els processos HBIM i es van estudiar els requeriments dels agents patrimonials. HBIM es va proposar com el model virtual que acull la informació patrimonial i que articula els processos. Com a resultat, es va desenvolupar el protocol BIMlegacy, dividit en vuit fases, contemplant a tots els agents que participen en projectes patrimonials. Aquest protocol es va aplicar en el cas d'estudi real de Fixby Hall, a Huddersfield (Regne Unit), i els seus resultats van ser exposats en un workshop interdisciplinari per validar i millorar el protocol. Basat en aquest protocol, el grup de recerca va desenvolupar la plataforma BIMlegacy com a eina per poder dur a terme aquest flux de treball on agents interdisciplinaris poden unificar i sincronitzar la informació patrimonial. Aquest innovador sistema en el núvol connecta la base de dades intrínseca dels programes HBIM amb les bases de dades patrimonials fent servir un plug-in per Revit d'Autodesk, un web API, un servidor SQL i un portal web. La plataforma BIMlegacy es va dissenyar com un web de treball, però també com un web de difusió cultural on el públic generalista pot accedir a certa informació dels monuments. El protocol i la plataforma BIMlegacy van ser utilitzats per gestionar el projecte de Registre de Sant Joan de l'Hospital. El protocol i la plataforma i els resultats del projecte de Sant Joan van ser exposats en un grup focal amb professionals per a la seva avaluació científica a València. La contribució teòrica d'aquesta investigació ha estat el descobriment de problemes en el modelatge HBIM que mai havien estat especificats abans, beneficis del HBIM (per exemple l'ús de plataformes en línia, el filtrat d'informació en sistemes HBIM, la integració de la divulgació cultural amb HBIM) i requeriments per implementar HBIM en la pràctica, com ara la necessitat d'un protocol intuïtiu i simple on oferir entrenament específic als agents no tècnics. Les contribucions pràctiques al coneixement han estat la creació del protocol BIMlegacy amb els agents patrimonials i la integració de processos tradicionals,el disseny de la plataforma BIMlegacy amb la sincronització de la informació a temps real que permet que els agents que no son tècnics pugu[EN] Heritage architectural projects involve collaborative work between different stakeholders, e.g. architects, engineers, archaeologists, historians, restorers, managers, etc. Traditionally, each discipline works independently, generating dispersed data. The workflow in historic architecture projects presents problems related to the lack of clarity of processes, dispersion of information, and the use of outdated tools. Different heritage organisations have showed interest in innovative methods to resolve those problems. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a suitable computerised system to improve the management of heritage projects. BIM application to historic buildings, named Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), has shown benefits in managing heritage projects. The HBIM literature highlights the need for further research in terms of the overall processes of heritage projects, its practical implementation, the need of simplifying the laborious modelling task, and need for better standards of cultural documentation. This investigation aims to develop a protocol for heritage project processes using HBIM and an online work platform prototype where interdisciplinary stakeholders can unify and synchronise heritage information. Design Science Research (DSR) is adopted to develop this protocol. Research techniques used include documentary analysis, case studies, semi-structured interviews, participative workshop, and focus groups. An analysis of HBIM processes and a study of heritage stakeholders' requirements were performed through documentary analysis and semi structured interviews with stakeholders involved with relevant monuments. HBIM is proposed as the virtual model which will hold heritage data and will articulate processes. As a result, a simple and visual HBIM protocol, BIMlegacy, was developed. It is divided in eight steps and it contemplates all the stakeholders involved. BIMlegacy was applied in the Fixby Hall case study and its results were evaluated in a workshop with interdisciplinary stakeholders. An online work platform prototype, also named BIMlegacy, was developed, where interdisciplinary stakeholders can unify and synchronise heritage information. This innovative in-cloud system connects the intrinsic HBIM software database with heritage documentary databases using a Revit Autodesk Plug-in, a web Application Program Interface, a Structured Query Language server, and a web portal. BIMlegacy is an online platform to facilitate working but also a cultural diffusion web where general visitors can access to the information of the monuments. The BIMlegacy protocol and platform were implemented in two case studies Fixby Hall in Huddersfield (United Kingdom) and San Juan del Hospital in Valencia (Spain). BIMlegacy and the results of San Juan project were revealed in a workshop and in a focus group with external professionals for its evaluation. This research contributes within the theoretical knowledge highlighting modelling issues that were unknown before, benefits of using HBIM (a.e. the use of online platforms, filtering the information in HBIM database systems, the integration of cultural divulgation with HBIM) and needs in terms of implementing HBIM in practice such as the importance to have a simple and intuitive protocol to be useful and that the non-designer stakeholders require specific HBIM training. The practical contributions are the creation of the BIMlegacy protocol with the list of stakeholders and processes, the design of the BIMlegacy platform with the synchronisation of information in real time allowing the non-technical stakeholders to actively participate in HBIM models, the use of HBIM as management system, and the benefit for society and local communities since the rigorous information uploaded by professionals will be accessible to the public.Jordán Palomar, I. (2019). Protocol to manage heritage-building interventions using Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/128416TESI

Diachronic and Synchronic Analysis for Knowledge Creation: Architectural Representation Geared to XR Building Archaeology (Claudius-Anio Novus Aqueduct in Tor Fiscale, the Appia Antica Archaeological Park)

This study summarises research progress to identify appropriate quality methodologies for representing, interpreting, and modelling complex contexts such as the Claudian Aqueduct in the Appian Way Archaeological Park. The goal is to intrinsically integrate (embed) geometric survey (Laser scanning and photogrammetric) with the materials and construction techniques (Stratigraphic Units-SU), semantic models in order to support the design with a better understanding of the artefact considered, and also to give indications that can be implemented in the future in a continuous cognitive process. Volume stratigraphic units in the form of architectural drawings, heritage building information modelling (HBIM) and extended reality (XR) environments have been oriented to comparative analyses based on the research case study's complex morphology. Analysis of geometries' intersection, construction techniques and materials open up new cognitive scenarios, self-feeding a progressive knowledge and making different studies correlatable, avoiding diaspora or incommunicability. Finally, an extended reality (XR) platform aims to enhance tangible and intangible values through new human-computer interaction and information sharing levels

The evolution of ontology in AEC: A two-decade synthesis, application domains, and future directions

Ontologies play a pivotal role in knowledge representation, particularly beneficial for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector due to its inherent data diversity and intricacy. Despite the growing interest in ontology and data integration research, especially with the advent of knowledge graphs and digital twins, a noticeable lack of consolidated academic synthesis still needs to be addressed. This review paper aims to bridge that gap, meticulously analysing 142 journal articles from 2000 to 2021 on the application of ontologies in the AEC sector. The research is segmented through systematic evaluation into ten application domains within the construction realm- process, cost, operation/maintenance, health/safety, sustainability, monitoring/control, intelligent cities, heritage building information modelling (HBIM), compliance, and miscellaneous. This categorisation aids in pinpointing ontologies suitable for various research objectives. Furthermore, the paper highlights prevalent limitations within current ontology studies in the AEC sector. It offers strategic recommendations, presenting a well-defined path for future research to address these gaps

HBIM tools for knowledge, maintenance and conservation of concrete built heritage

[EN] In the 20th century, reinforced concrete was one of the most popular building materials. It was formerly regarded as a material of outstanding durability and resilience, but over the past 50 years, it has revealed severe fundamental flaws. Main weaknesses of concrete include susceptibility to chemical agents and degradation brought on by poor design and construction. As a result, restoration interventions, recovery efforts, and re-functionalization of these artifacts have progressively grown in recent decades. Only when these improvements are combined with ongoing maintenance are they effective in extending the life of the structure. The most accurate knowledge of the building and all of its components can improve the efficiency of maintenance and recovery actions. Recently, the use of BIM tools for reinforced concrete buildings is spreading more and more, going beyond new construction to include built heritage. A BIM model of an existing asset may be used to assess the building's condition of conservation, pinpoint any issues, and assess the alternatives available for repair and conservation while projecting the impact of the adjustments on the structure. This data may be used to plan maintenance and restoration activities, track the building's condition of conservation through time, and assess the effects of any alterations on the structure. In this work, a workflow for "reverse engineering", enabling the creation of an HBIM model of an existing building, is proposed and then applied to a case study building. This technique may be regarded as a watershed moment in the management of reinforced concrete structures since it simplifies and organizes all of the information needed to preserve the existing architectural heritage while utilizing available resources.Agliata, R.; D'aponte, D.; Lione, R.; Mollo, L. (2023). HBIM tools for knowledge, maintenance and conservation of concrete built heritage. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability. 8:98-105. https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2023.1967498105

Digital Twins. HBIM information repositories to centralize knowledge and interdisciplinary management of architectural heritage

[EN] It is obvious that the primary document will always be the building itself, but within the field of conservation, restoration or maintenance it is necessary to have a large documentary archive where the interventions are recorded. The older the monument is, the greater the knowledge of the built element must be before any intervention and this requires a lot of time in prior research and which can develop prior studies, in addition to the economic cost that it entails. This is why with the advancement of technology and digital repositories, digital platforms can be created within Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). This article reflects the experience of an eight-century-old monument, San Juan of Hospital of Valencia (Spain), in which a virtual twin has been made with software and specific web platforms in facility management such as Archibus©, EcoDomus©, Zutec© that allow the integration of information from BIM models and data acquired through sensors. With this work, although it is economically expensive and requires a lot of time for people specialized in the required programs, is improving the efficiency of facility management. and maintenance planning for large buildings and infrastructure.Thanks to the european research project PROMETHEUS: Protocols for information Models libraries tested on heritage of Upper Kama SiteCortés Meseguer, L.; García Valldecabres, J. (2023). Digital Twins. HBIM information repositories to centralize knowledge and interdisciplinary management of architectural heritage. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability. 8(2):64-75. https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2023.20534647582Antonopoulu, S., Bryan (2017). Historic England. BIM for Heritage. Developing a Historic Building Information Model. https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/recording-heritage/Ayuntamiento de Valencia, (2010). Catálogo de Bienes y Espacios Protegidos. [URL] www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/urbanismo/inicio (accesed 25 january 2009)British Standards Institution (2014). PAS1192-3:2014. Specification for information management for the operational phase of assets using building information modelling. [URL]. https://bim-level2.org/standards/ (accesed 25 january 2009)Buildingsmart Spanish Chapter, (2018). Guía de usuarios BIM aplicado al Patrimonio Cultural. [URL] https://www.buildingsmart.es/bim/guías-ubim/ (accesed 25 january 2009)BuildingSMART Spanish Chapter, nº 14. (2018).Bulgarelli-Bolaños, J.P., Malavassi-Aguilar, R.E., Hernández-Salazar, I., Salazar Ceciliano, E., Valverde-Solano, M. del C., & Pinto Puerto, F. (2022). Propuesta de protocolo para la formulación de Planes de Conservación Programada en Costa Rica, Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración, (35), pp. 28-39. https://doi.org/10.4995/loggia.2022.16320Castellano-Román, M., & Pinto-Puerto, F. (2019). Dimensions and Levels of Knowledge in Heritage Building Information Modelling, HBIM: The model of the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain). Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 14, e00110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00110Fassi, F., Achille, C, Mandelli, A., Rechichi, F., & Parri, S. (2015). A New idea of bim system for visualization, web sharing and using huge complex 3d models for facility management. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 40(5W4), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4-359-2015Fregonese, L., Achille,C., Adami, A., Fassi, F., Spezzoni, A., & Taffurelli, L. (2015). BIM: an integrated model for planned and preventive maintenance of architectural heritage. Digital Heritage. Granada: IEEE, 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7413832García-Valldecabres, J.L., López-González, M.C., Salvador-García, E., March, R., & Jordán-Palomar, I. (2016). El diseño de una base de datos, modelo para la gestión de la información y del conocimiento del Patrimonio Arquitectónico. Unpublished.Hernández-Salazar, I., & Bulgarelli-Bolaños, J.P. (2023). Identification and characterization of the foyer of the national theater of Costa Rica as part of the methodological strategy for the three-dimensional modeling of the future Digital Twin. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. XLVIII-M-2-2023:709-719. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-709-2023Jordán-Palomar, I., Tzortzopoulos, P., García-Valldecabres, J., & Pellicer E., (2018). Protocol to Manage Heritage-Building Interventions Using Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). Sustainability, 10(908), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040908Lo Turco, M., Mattone, M., & Rinaudo, F. (2017). Metric survey and BIM technologies to record decay conditions. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 42(5W1), 261-268. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-5-W1-261-2017López-Menchero Bendicho, V.M. (2011). Propuesta para profundizar en La Carta de Londres y mejorar su aplicabilidad en el campo del patrimonio arqueológico. Virtual Archaeology Review, 2(4), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2011.4557Maxwell, I. (2016). COTAC BIM4C Integrating Report Part 1: Conservation Parameters.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, (2012). Estrategia española de ciencia y tecnología y de innovación 2013-2020.Muñoz Cosme, A. (2014). Catálogos e inventarios del Patrimonio en España. E-rph, 14, 15-37.Neuman, W.L., & Kreuger, L. (2003). Social work research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Allyn and Bacon.Parrinello, S., Dell'Amico, A. (2019). "Experience of Documentation for the Accessibility of Widespread Cultural Heritage" Heritage, 2, no. 1: 1032-1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010067Parrinello, S., Picchio, F., De Marco, R., & Dell'Amico, A. Documentando las rutas del patrimonio cultural. la creación de modelos informativos de las iglesias históricas rusas en la región superior de Kama, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2/W15, 887-894. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W15-887-2019Salvador-García, E. (2020). Protocolo HBIM para una gestión eficiente del uso público del patrimonio arquitectónico. Universitat Politècnica de València, València. PhD Tesis. Master thesis. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/146811Salvador-García, E. (2015). Nuevas propuestas de puesta en valor para la visita pública interpretativa del Conjunto de San Juan del Hospital de Valencia. TFM. Unpublished.Santoni, A., Martín-Talaverano, R., Quattrini, R., & Murillo-Fragero, J. (2020). HBIM approach to implement the historical and constructive knowledge. The case of the Real Colegiata of San Isidoro (León, Spain). Virtual Archaeology Review, 12, 24. pp. 49-65. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.13661Sánchez, A., Hampson, K.D. & Sherif, M. (2015). Sydney Opera House. Case study report. 2015. Sustainable Built Environment. National Research Centre.UNESCO (2009). Carta sobre la preservación del patrimonio digital. [URL] https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000179529.page=2Volk, R., Stengel, J., & Schultmann, F. (2014). Building Information Modeling (BIM) for existing buildings-Literature review and future needs. Automation in construction, 38, 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.023VV.AA., (2000). Plan Director del Templo de San Juan del Hospital de Valencia.Webb, C., coord. 2003. Directrices para la preservación del patrimonio digital. Biblioteca Nacional Australia. División Sociedad de la Información. UNESCO. CI-2003/WS/3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277267631Yin, R.K., (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Los Ángeles. California: SAGE Publications

La metodología HBIM en el estudio de inmuebles patrimoniales, Caso Hacienda Isla Bejucal, Baba, Ecuador

Heritage architecture represents the historical memory of peoples, is part of the national heritage and encourages cultural tourism. Therefore, it is a right of every citizen to access and disseminate it, however, in Ecuador there are abandoned assets with a high degree of deterioration, because of ignorance, lack of maintenance, as well as the use of inappropriate technologies in the tasks of intervention, conservation and management. The analysis of the case study Casa Hacienda Isla El Bejucal (Baba, Ecuador), considered a patrimonial asset according to the official inventory and current file No. IBI-12-02-52-000-000002 of the year 2012, illustrates this situation. Information is collected through literature review, and the inclusion of methods and techniques such as field observation, interviews with key actors and assessment data sheets. It also seeks to know similar experiences and realities, to make an information management model through the HBIM methodology, therefore, the three-dimensional model of the patrimonial asset is built through parameters of families that make up the levels LOD 100, LOD 200 and LOD 350. These products provide fundamental information for the disciplines involved in HBIM management and the actions of conservation, dissemination, management, and integration of architectural projects, such as those associated with the houses of individual haciendas, but also of those cocoa farms in the Vinces area, which define a circuit of architectural, urban, social, and cultural interest.La arquitectura patrimonial representa la memoria histórica de los pueblos, forma parte del patrimonio nacional e incentiva el turismo cultural. Por lo tanto, es un derecho de todo ciudadano acceder y difundirla, sin embargo, en el Ecuador existen bienes abandonados con alto grado de deterioro, producto del desconocimiento, la falta de mantenimiento, así como del empleo de tecnologías inapropiadas en las tareas de intervención, conservación y gestión. El análisis del caso de estudio Casa Hacienda Isla El Bejucal (Baba, Ecuador), considerada un bien patrimonial según el inventario oficial y ficha vigente No. IBI-12-02-52-000-000002 del año 2012, ilustra esta situación. Se recopila información mediante la revisión bibliográfica, y la inclusión de métodos y técnicas como la observación de campo, las entrevistas a actores clave y las fichas técnicas de valoración. También se busca conocer experiencias y realidades similares, a fin de realizar un modelo de gestión de la información mediante la metodología HBIM, por tal, el modelo tridimensional del bien patrimonial se construye mediante parámetros de familias que conforman los niveles LOD 100, LOD 200 y LOD 350. Estos productos proporcionan información fundamental para las disciplinas involucradas en la gestión HBIM y las acciones de conservación, difusión, gestión e integración de proyectos arquitectónicos, tales como los asociados a las casas de haciendas individuales, pero también de aquellas haciendas cacaoteras del área de Vinces, las cuales definen un circuito de interés arquitectónico, urbano, social y cultural

MODELLING IN HBIM TO DOCUMENT MATERIALS DECAY BY A THEMATIC MAPPING TO MANAGE THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE CASE OF "CHIESA DELLA PIETÀ" IN FERMO

Abstract. Relevant, historically, it is the role of the Diocese of Fermo (Italy) in the Vatican organization dedicated to vast ecclesiastical patrimony on the territory of the Marche region. In this context, for the peculiarity of its identity and its property, the object of this study is the "Chiesa della Pietà". This research starts with the photogrammetric survey to document and analyse the existing condition of the church. The data acquisition provides many scans following a network schema and the photographic survey allows to create orthoimages to make more realistic the 3D representation. Once acquired the geometric and material survey, a series of investigations have been carried out to assess the surface degradation and the material decay of the external façades and internal environments. Furthermore, some structural problems have been occurred, investigating and verifying the presence of advanced stages of deterioration of the wooden structures and the restoration of these structural elements must be mandatory. To take under control the decay and to propose a restoration step, we have arranged the 3D model in HBIM software with different LOD, according to the BIM Forum Level of Development Specification (2016), suitable to develop a well-structured information system. Before the 3D modelling phase, a decomposition of the building is useful to implement a semantic classification of the architectural elements. Basing on a hierarchy of classes and subclasses, the dedicated database organizes the building components assigning an ID-code to the features, putting in evidence materials decay by a thematic mapping.</p

POINT CLOUD EXPLOITATION FOR STRUCTURAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS: A RELIABLE WORKFLOW

none4noThe digitization and geometric knowledge of the historical built heritage is currently based on point cloud, that rarely or only partially is used as digital twin for structural analysis. The present work deals with historical artefacts survey, with particular reference to masonry structures, aimed to their structural analysis and assessment. In detail, the study proposes a methodology capable of employing semi-directly the original data obtained from the 3D digital survey for the generation of a Finite Element Model (FEM), used for structural analysis of masonry buildings. The methodology described presents a reliable workflow with twofold purpose: the improvement of the transformation process of the point cloud in solid and subsequently obtain a high-quality and detailed model for structural analyses. Through the application of the methodology to a case study, the method consistency was assessed, regarding the smoothness of the whole procedure and the dynamic characterization of the Finite Element Model. The main improvement in respect with similar or our previous workflows is obtained by the introduction of the retopology in data processing, allowing the transformation of the raw data into a solid model with optimal balancing between Level of Detail (LOD) and computational weight. Another significant aspect of the optimized process is undoubtedly the possibility of faithfully respecting the semantics of the structure, leading to the discretization of the model into different parts depending on the materials. This work may represent an excellent reference for the study of masonry artefacts belonging to the existing historical heritage, starting from surveys and with the purpose to structural and seismic evaluations, in the general framework of knowledge-based preservation of heritage.openLucidi, A.; Giordano, E.; Clementi, F.; Quattrini, R.Lucidi, A.; Giordano, E.; Clementi, F.; Quattrini, R