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The role of HG in the analysis of temporal iteration and interaural correlation
Experimental and computational analyses reveal that environmental restrictions shape HIV-1 spread in 3D cultures
Here, using an integrative experimental and computational approach, Imle et al. show how cell motility and density affect HIV cell-associated transmission in a three-dimensional tissue-like culture system of CD4+ T cells and collagen, and how different collagen matrices restrict infection by cell-free virions
Nonlocal Models in Biology and Life Sciences: Sources, Developments, and Applications
Nonlocality is important in realistic mathematical models of physical and
biological systems at small-length scales. It characterizes the properties of
two individuals located in different locations. This review illustrates
different nonlocal mathematical models applied to biology and life sciences.
The major focus has been given to sources, developments, and applications of
such models. Among other things, a systematic discussion has been provided for
the conditions of pattern formations in biological systems of population
dynamics. Special attention has also been given to nonlocal interactions on
networks, network coupling and integration, including models for brain dynamics
that provide us with an important tool to better understand neurodegenerative
diseases. In addition, we have discussed nonlocal modelling approaches for
cancer stem cells and tumor cells that are widely applied in the cell migration
processes, growth, and avascular tumors in any organ. Furthermore, the
discussed nonlocal continuum models can go sufficiently smaller scales applied
to nanotechnology to build biosensors to sense biomaterial and its
concentration. Piezoelectric and other smart materials are among them, and
these devices are becoming increasingly important in the digital and physical
world that is intrinsically interconnected with biological systems.
Additionally, we have reviewed a nonlocal theory of peridynamics, which deals
with continuous and discrete media and applies to model the relationship
between fracture and healing in cortical bone, tissue growth and shrinkage, and
other areas increasingly important in biomedical and bioengineering
applications. Finally, we provided a comprehensive summary of emerging trends
and highlighted future directions in this rapidly expanding field.Comment: 71 page
A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established
hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and
vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the
LHC interaction points. With the High Luminosity-LHC upgrade now in sight, for
which the tracking detectors will be completely replaced, new generations of
pixel detectors are being devised. They have to address enormous challenges in
terms of data throughput and radiation levels, ionizing and non-ionizing, that
harm the sensing and readout parts of pixel detectors alike. Advances in
microelectronics and microprocessing technologies now enable large scale
detector designs with unprecedented performance in measurement precision (space
and time), radiation hard sensors and readout chips, hybridization techniques,
lightweight supports, and fully monolithic approaches to meet these challenges.
This paper reviews the world-wide effort on these developments.Comment: 84 pages with 46 figures. Review article.For submission to Rep. Prog.
Phy
Effect of curing conditions and harvesting stage of maturity on Ethiopian onion bulb drying properties
The study was conducted to investigate the impact of curing conditions and harvesting stageson the drying quality of onion bulbs. The onion bulbs (Bombay Red cultivar) were harvested at three harvesting stages (early, optimum, and late maturity) and cured at three different temperatures (30, 40 and 50 oC) and relative humidity (30, 50 and 70%). The results revealed that curing temperature, RH, and maturity stage had significant effects on all measuredattributesexcept total soluble solids
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