6 research outputs found

    An Ontology Approach for Knowledge Acquisition and Development of Health Information System (HIS)

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    This paper emphasizes various knowledge acquisition approaches in terms of tacit and explicit knowledge management that can be helpful to capture, codify and communicate within medical unit. The semantic-based knowledge management system (SKMS) supports knowledge acquisition and incorporates various approaches to provide systematic practical platform to knowledge practitioners and to identify various roles of healthcare professionals, tasks that can be performed according to personnel’s competencies, and activities that are carried out as a part of tasks to achieve defined goals of clinical process. This research outcome gives new vision to IT practitioners to manage the tacit and implicit knowledge in XML format which can be taken as foundation for the development of information systems (IS) so that domain end-users can receive timely healthcare related services according to their demands and needs

    Les relations entre l’acquisition des connaissances, la capacité d’absorption et la capacité d’innovation : une étude empirique sur les entreprises tunisiennes

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    Un tour d’horizon sur la littérature en matière de management stratégique, nous permet de remarquer une apparition massive des recherches et des études portant sur l’innovation qui est, sans doute, l’une des principales sources d’avantage concurrentiel. Plusieurs études ont montré qu’il existe un lien positif et significatif entre la capacité d’absorption et l’activité innovatrice des organisations, L’idée sous-jacente de ces études est qu’un degré élevé de la capacité d’absorption, d’une firme, accentue sa capacité d’innovation. L’acquisition des connaissances, la capacité d’absorption et la capacité d’innovation des firmes représentent des thèmes largement étudiés dans la littérature, ces études ont contribué à l’apparence d’une riche littérature sur ces notions. D’une part, l’importance de la capacité d’absorption et la nécessité d’innover au sein des entreprises nous ont incitées à s’approfondir dans ces thèmes de recherches. D’autre part, la majorité des travaux ont analysé chaque concept séparément, sans étudier les relations qu’existent entre eux. Dans ce cadre s’inscrit la présente étude qui vise à identifier la nature des relations entre trois variables principales qui sont : l’acquisition des connaissances, la capacité d’absorption et la capacité d’innovation. Pour ce faire un questionnaire a été adressé vers un échantillon de 92 entreprises tunisiennes. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’acquisition des connaissances influence positivement la capacité d’absorption et la capacité d’innovation, de plus la capacité d’absorption accentue la capacité d’innover des entreprises tunisiennes

    The Impact of Total Quality Management of Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance in Higher Education Institutions in Iraq

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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM); Knowledge Management (KM) and Organizational Performance (OP) in Iraqi higher-education institutions (HEIs). TQM core elements included leadership commitment, strategic planning, continuous improvement, customer focus, process focus, employee involvement, training and learning, rewards and recognition, and management by fact. KM processes included knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application. Meanwhile, measures of organizational performance included students related academic achievement and non-students related academic achievement. Based on the theoretical framework, four main hypotheses were developed, and statistically tested. The study used cross-sectional survey methodology. The samples were drawn from Iraqi HEIs (public universities) using a stratified random sampling procedure based on the directory provided by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq (MHESR-I). The final number of respondents, involved in this study, was 174 colleges (faculties) within 24 public universities. The hypotheses of the study were tested by applying multivariate statistical data analyses. This study reported a significant relationship between TQM core elements and KM processes, between TQM core elements and OP measures, and between KM processes and OP measures. In brief, the results supported all the four main hypotheses, and provided evidence that both TQM core elements and KM processes should be implemented holistically, rather than piecemeal. In addition, the study found that the KM fully mediates the relationship between TQM and OP. The current study provided insight regarding the relationship between TQM, KM and OP. Hence, this study was able to expand the boundary of existing literature. Finally, the findings from this study provided empirical evidence that TQM has a significant and positive impact on KM, which in turn, significantly affect organizational performance

    Modélisation de connaissances à partir de textes pour une recherche d'information sémantique

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    Avec l'avĂšnement d'Internet et des rĂ©seaux d'entreprise, les documents numĂ©riques ont subi de profondes transformations, tant dans la diversification de leur support (texte, image, son, vidĂ©o), que dans la forte augmentation de leur nombre accessible informatiquement. La Recherche d'Information (RI) a alors pris une importance capitale : l'utilisateur en quĂȘte de donnĂ©es rĂ©pondant Ă  ses besoins veut disposer de logiciels capables d'exploiter les contenus textuels et de trouver automatiquement tout document pertinent pour la requĂȘte. Pour comparer selon leur sens requĂȘte et documents, la RI sĂ©mantique nĂ©cessite deux opĂ©rations prĂ©alables : l'obtention d'un modĂšle des connaissances manipulĂ©es et, grĂące Ă  lui, l'indexation sĂ©mantique des donnĂ©es textuelles. Dans ce mĂ©moire, nous Ă©tudions les modĂšles de Ressources Termino-Ontologiques (RTO) adaptĂ©s Ă  la RI et dĂ©veloppons un formalisme qui, contrairement aux approches classiques, dĂ©crit explicitement la relation entre termes du lexique et concepts de l'ontologie, tout en respectant le standard OWL-DL. Nous abordons ensuite la problĂ©matique de maintenance d'une RTO pour la RI : quand un domaine Ă©volue dans le temps, sa RTO correspondante doit ĂȘtre modifiĂ©e en consĂ©quence. L'originalitĂ© de notre approche rĂ©side dans la mise en parallĂšle entre maintenance de RTO et indexation sĂ©mantique : l'ontographe dĂ©finit des rĂšgles Ă©valuant automatiquement la correction de la RTO en fonction des rĂ©sultats d'indexation attendus ; appliquĂ©es aux documents Ă  indexer, ces rĂšgles aident Ă  repĂ©rer ceux qui tĂ©moignent de la nĂ©cessitĂ© de maintenance. L'outil prĂ©sente alors ces documents avec des conseils de modification. Notre derniĂšre contribution inclut notre formalisme de RTO et le cycle de maintenance au sein d'un processus global de RI sĂ©mantique. Nous nous intĂ©ressons notamment Ă  la comparaison sĂ©mantique d'un document Ă  une requĂȘte en langue naturelle. Nous proposons une mesure de similaritĂ© tenant compte de la proximitĂ© taxonomique de deux notions, ainsi que de la maniĂšre dont chacune est reliĂ©e sĂ©mantiquement Ă  d'autres Ă©lĂ©ments. La pertinence de nos contributions a Ă©tĂ© principalement mise Ă  l'Ă©preuve par la rĂ©alisation et l'utilisation d'un prototype d'outil pour la RI sĂ©mantique dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec Actia, une sociĂ©tĂ© spĂ©cialiste du diagnostic automobile.With the spreading of Internet and local networks, numerical documents have been undergoing deep mutations, mainly due to the diversification of supports (text, image, sound, video) and their high number accessible by computers. Information Retrieval (IR) has thus become crucial: any user of a search engine wants it to be able to process textual contents to find automatically all documents relevant for their query. In order to compare a query with a document, semantic IR needs two prior operations to be carried out: obtaining a model for the handled knowledge and using it to index semantically the textual data. In this thesis, we study Ontological and Terminological Resources (OTR) adapted for IR and we develop a formalism which, unlike classical approaches, explicitly describes the relationship between terms and concepts, while respecting OWL-DL standard. Afterwards, we broach the topic of maintaining an OTR for IR: when a domain evolves in time, its corresponding OTR must be modified accordingly. The originality of our approach lies in the parallel computing of OTR maintenance and semantic indexing: the engineer can define rules which evaluate automatically the correctness of the OTR with respect to the expected indexing results; applied to the documents to be indexed, these rules help to spot the ones which show the necessity of maintaining the OTR. The tool then displays these documents with evolution advice. Our last contribution consists in integrating our OTR formalism and the maintenance cycle into a global semantic IR process. We especially focus on the semantic matching between a document and a keyword based query. We propose a semantic similarity measure which takes into account both the taxonomical proximity of two notions and the way each one is semantically connected to other entities. The relevance of our contributions was mainly tested by the implementation and use of a prototype tool for semantic IR as part of a partnership with ACTIA, a company specialized in automotive diagnosi
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