Analysis Dialogs and Machine Consciousness

Analysis dialogs aim at analyzing the operation of a chatbot or more generally of a question answering system to discover its limitations and maybe discover their nonhuman nature as in the case of the Turing test. The answers elicited from the system may be accompanied by explanations that are crucial for judging whether a system is self-aware. Self-awareness of question answering systems, or the so-called “artificial consciousness” require the recording of the actions that a system performs to generate its answer. These actions may be represented either as a path of state changes or as a sequence of reasoning steps. When this path or sequence is too long, an analysis dialog may aim at exploring the capability of a system to summarize the raw explanations and generate shorter explanations friendlier to the interrogating user. The real analysis dialogs of two Turing test champions, namely Chip Vivant and Mitsuku with the user are presented and commented on. The comments aim at clarifying the difficulty of these systems to answer reasonably some questions a fact that indicates their nonhuman nature. The methodology tested was applied to ChatGPT, and the results are presented with analogous comments. An appropriate subset of questions augmented by new ones was used

Applying science of learning in education: Infusing psychological science into the curriculum

The field of specialization known as the science of learning is not, in fact, one field. Science of learning is a term that serves as an umbrella for many lines of research, theory, and application. A term with an even wider reach is Learning Sciences (Sawyer, 2006). The present book represents a sliver, albeit a substantial one, of the scholarship on the science of learning and its application in educational settings (Science of Instruction, Mayer 2011). Although much, but not all, of what is presented in this book is focused on learning in college and university settings, teachers of all academic levels may find the recommendations made by chapter authors of service. The overarching theme of this book is on the interplay between the science of learning, the science of instruction, and the science of assessment (Mayer, 2011). The science of learning is a systematic and empirical approach to understanding how people learn. More formally, Mayer (2011) defined the science of learning as the “scientific study of how people learn” (p. 3). The science of instruction (Mayer 2011), informed in part by the science of learning, is also on display throughout the book. Mayer defined the science of instruction as the “scientific study of how to help people learn” (p. 3). Finally, the assessment of student learning (e.g., learning, remembering, transferring knowledge) during and after instruction helps us determine the effectiveness of our instructional methods. Mayer defined the science of assessment as the “scientific study of how to determine what people know” (p.3). Most of the research and applications presented in this book are completed within a science of learning framework. Researchers first conducted research to understand how people learn in certain controlled contexts (i.e., in the laboratory) and then they, or others, began to consider how these understandings could be applied in educational settings. Work on the cognitive load theory of learning, which is discussed in depth in several chapters of this book (e.g., Chew; Lee and Kalyuga; Mayer; Renkl), provides an excellent example that documents how science of learning has led to valuable work on the science of instruction. Most of the work described in this book is based on theory and research in cognitive psychology. We might have selected other topics (and, thus, other authors) that have their research base in behavior analysis, computational modeling and computer science, neuroscience, etc. We made the selections we did because the work of our authors ties together nicely and seemed to us to have direct applicability in academic settings

Second CLIPS Conference Proceedings, volume 1

Topics covered at the 2nd CLIPS Conference held at the Johnson Space Center, September 23-25, 1991 are given. Topics include rule groupings, fault detection using expert systems, decision making using expert systems, knowledge representation, computer aided design and debugging expert systems

An investigation on the relationship between the user model and graphic representations for the automated generation of multimedia presentations.

This thesis investigates a possible solution to adapting an automatically generated presentation to an anonymous user. We will explore the field of User Modeling, specifically Adaptive Hypermedia, to find suitable methods. In our case study, we combine the methods we find to develop a concept for generating user-adapted multimedia presentations about the virtual collection of the Rijksmuseum of Amsterdam in their websit

Multimedia capture of events to support passive virtual attendance

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).by Mohamed Atef Hendawi.M.S

Emotional engineering of artificial representations of sign languages

The fascination and challenge of making an appropriate digital representation of sign language for a highly specialised and culturally rich community such as the Deaf, has brought about the development and production of several digital representations of sign language (DRSL). These range from pictorial depictions of sign language, filmed video recordings to animated avatars (virtual humans). However, issues relating to translating and representing sign language in the digital-domain and the effectiveness of various approaches, has divided the opinion of the target audience. As a result there is still no universally accepted digital representation of sign language. For systems to reach their full potential, researchers have postulated that further investigation is needed into the interaction and representational issues associated with the mapping of sign language into the digital domain. This dissertation contributes a novel approach that investigates the comparative effectiveness of digital representations of sign language within different information delivery contexts. The empirical studies presented have supported the characterisation of the prescribed properties of DRSL's that make it an effective communication system, which when defined by the Deaf community, was often referred to as "emotion". This has led to and supported the developed of the proposed design methodology for the "Emotional Engineering of Artificial Sign Languages", which forms the main contribution of this thesis

FABRICating FORM: generating three-dimensional upholstery amid experiments in process driven design

As an artist and designer, I created works of art by actively researching, reflecting, experimenting, and producing projects which embodied theories, methods and processes of both practices. Additionally, my work utilized research from numerous disciplines, which include art, craft, furniture, fashion, graphics, mathematics, and architecture. I strived for the user/viewer to experience not only a physical connection with my designs, but to also have an emotional engagement with them. My research aimed to enhance the image of the upholstery trade by examining the design possibilities of the craft. Much of my process extended apparel fabric manipulation techniques to the upholstery and structural systems of furniture in order to reveal the potential of transferring the methods from fashion to furnishings. The techniques informed the design process through the introduction of alternative approaches to upholstery manipulation, sewing, and patterning. The method helped to transform two-dimensional flat upholstered surfaces into three-dimensional upholstered forms. I categorized my early experimental works as one-of-a-kind. However, I explored streamlining my processes of making in order to investigate other methods of construction. Additionally, I researched how fusing furniture design and traditional millinery processes allowed for small batch reproductions of my works. Ultimately, my approach gravitated toward balancing handcrafted techniques with digital methods of fabrication

Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology, Volume 1

These proceedings are organized in the same manner as the conference's contributed sessions, with the papers grouped by topic area. These areas are as follows: VE (virtual environment) training for Space Flight, Virtual Environment Hardware, Knowledge Aquisition for ICAT (Intelligent Computer-Aided Training) & VE, Multimedia in ICAT Systems, VE in Training & Education (1 & 2), Virtual Environment Software (1 & 2), Models in ICAT systems, ICAT Commercial Applications, ICAT Architectures & Authoring Systems, ICAT Education & Medical Applications, Assessing VE for Training, VE & Human Systems (1 & 2), ICAT Theory & Natural Language, ICAT Applications in the Military, VE Applications in Engineering, Knowledge Acquisition for ICAT, and ICAT Applications in Aerospace

A systematic review of whole class, subject based, pedagogies with reported outcomes for the academic and social inclusion of pupils with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms

Schools across the world have responded to international and national initiatives designed to further the development of inclusive education. In England, there is a statutory requirement for all schools to provide effective learning opportunities for all pupils (QCA, 2000) and children with special educational needs (SEN) are positioned as having a right to be within mainstream classrooms accessing an appropriate curriculum (SENDA, 2001). Previous reviews which have sought to identify classroom practices that support the inclusion of children with SEN have been technically non-systematic and hence a need for a systematic review within this area has been identified (Nind et al., 2004; Rix et al., 2006). This systematic literature review is the last in a series of three