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Lexical patterns, features and knowledge resources for coreference resolution in clinical notes
Generation of entity coreference chains provides a means to extract linked narrative events from clinical notes, but despite being a well-researched topic in natural language processing, general- purpose coreference tools perform poorly on clinical texts. This paper presents a knowledge-centric and pattern-based approach to resolving coreference across a wide variety of clinical records comprising discharge summaries, progress notes, pathology, radiology and surgical reports from two corpora (Ontology Development and Information Extraction (ODIE) and i2b2/VA). In addition, a method for generating coreference chains using progressively pruned linked lists is demonstrated that reduces the search space and facilitates evaluation by a number of metrics. Independent evaluation results show an F-measure for each corpus of 79.2% and 87.5%, respectively, which offers performance at least as good as human annotators, greatly increased performance over general- purpose tools, and improvement on previously reported clinical coreference systems. The system uses a number of open-source components that are available to download
Coding and behaviour of Estonian subjects
This study is a construction-specific approach to subjecthood in Estonian. It has grown out of Croft’s (2001) view that due to the diversity of the syntactic roles’ distribution across constructions, there is a need for a shift in grammars to construction- specific syntactic roles. However, in order to compare different arguments, it is also necessary to employ a global cross-constructional subject category. This study treats subjecthood as a set of properties that is represented on arguments to a different degree. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of Estonian prototypical subjects and subject-like arguments (10 in total) from the viewpoint of a large number of morphosyntactic criteria (16). The study is an attempt to apply multivariate analysis on the arguments’ syntactic behaviour research. The paper claims that most Estonian subject-like arguments only show subjecthood properties to a limited degree. Supportive data is provided for the Hierarchy of Grammatical Relations Constructions
Thoughts on grammaticalization
"Thoughts on grammaticalization" was first published in a working-paper
version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it
was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book
can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though
its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number
of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history
of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to
grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of
grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by
grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere
and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of
grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign
with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis
of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They
are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of
grammaticalization measurable
Thoughts on grammaticalization
"Thoughts on grammaticalization" was first published in a working-paper
version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it
was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book
can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though
its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number
of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history
of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to
grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of
grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by
grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere
and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of
grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign
with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis
of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They
are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of
grammaticalization measurable
Processing long-distance dependencies: an experimental investigation of grammatical illusions in English and Spanish
A central concern in the study of sentence comprehension has to do with defining the role that
grammatical information plays during the incremental interpretation of language. In order to
successfully achieve the complex task of understanding a linguistic message, the language
comprehension system (the parser) must – among other things – be able to resolve the wide
variety of relations that are established between the different parts of a sentence. These relations
are known as linguistic dependencies. Linguistic dependencies are subject to a diverse range of
grammatical constraints (e.g. syntactic, morphological, lexical, etc.), and how these constraints
are implemented in real-time comprehension is one of the fundamental questions in
psycholinguistic research. In this quest, the focus has been often placed on studying the
sensitivity that language users exhibit to grammatical contrasts during sentence processing. The
grammatical richness with which the parser seems to operate makes it even more interesting
when the results of sentence processing do not converge with the constraints of the grammar.
Misalignments between grammar and parsing provide a unique window into the principles that
guide language comprehension, and their study has generated a fruitful research program
Thoughts on grammaticalization
"Thoughts on grammaticalization" was first published in a working-paper
version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it
was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book
can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though
its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number
of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history
of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to
grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of
grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by
grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere
and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of
grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign
with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis
of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They
are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of
grammaticalization measurable
Thoughts on grammaticalization
"Thoughts on grammaticalization" was first published in a working-paper
version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it
was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book
can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though
its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number
of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history
of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to
grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of
grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by
grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere
and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of
grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign
with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis
of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They
are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of
grammaticalization measurable
Thoughts on grammaticalization
"Thoughts on grammaticalization" was first published in a working-paper
version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it
was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book
can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though
its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number
of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history
of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to
grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of
grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by
grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere
and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of
grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign
with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis
of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They
are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of
grammaticalization measurable
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