A machine learning taxonomic classifier for science publications

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engineering and Management of Information SystemsThe evolution in scientific production, associated with the growing interdomain collaboration of knowledge and the increasing co-authorship of scientific works remains supported by processes of manual, highly subjective classification, subject to misinterpretation. The very taxonomy on which this same classification process is based is not consensual, with governmental organizations resorting to taxonomies that do not keep up with changes in scientific areas, and indexers / repositories that seek to keep up with those changes. We find a reality distinct from what is expected and that the domains where scientific work is recorded can easily be misrepresentative of the work itself. The taxonomy applied today by governmental bodies, such as the one that regulates scientific production in Portugal, is not enough, is limiting, and promotes classification in areas close to the desired, therefore with great potential for error. An automatic classification process based on machine learning algorithms presents itself as a possible solution to the subjectivity problem in classification, and while it does not solve the issue of taxonomy mismatch this work shows this possibility with proved results. In this work, we propose a classification taxonomy, as well as we develop a process based on machine learning algorithms to solve the classification problem. We also present a set of directions for future work for an increasingly representative classification of evolution in science, which is not intended as airtight, but flexible and perhaps increasingly based on phenomena and not just disciplines.A evolução na produção de ciência, associada à crescente colaboração interdomínios do conhecimento e à também crescente coautoria de trabalhos permanece suportada por processos de classificação manual, subjetiva e sujeita a interpretações erradas. A própria taxonomia na qual assenta esse mesmo processo de classificação não é consensual, com organismos estatais a recorrerem a taxonomias que não acompanham as alterações nas áreas científicas, e indexadores/repositórios que procuram acompanhar essas mesmas alterações. Verificamos uma realidade distinta do espectável e que os domínios onde são registados os trabalhos científicos podem facilmente estar desenquadrados. A taxonomia hoje aplicada pelos organismos governamentais, como o caso do organismo que regulamenta a produção científica em Portugal, não é suficiente, é limitadora, e promove a classificação em domínios aproximados do desejado, logo com grande potencial para erro. Um processo de classificação automática com base em algoritmos de machine learning apresenta-se como uma possível solução para o problema da subjetividade na classificação, e embora não resolva a questão do desenquadramento da taxonomia utilizada, é apresentada neste trabalho como uma possibilidade comprovada. Neste trabalho propomos uma taxonomia de classificação, bem como nós desenvolvemos um processo baseado em machine learning algoritmos para resolver o problema de classificação. Apresentamos ainda um conjunto de direções para trabalhos futuros para uma classificação cada vez mais representativa da evolução nas ciências, que não pretende ser hermética, mas flexível e talvez cada vez mais baseada em fenómenos e não apenas em disciplinas

Proximity of firms to scientific production

Following Bergeaud et al. (2022), we construct a new measure of proximity between industrial sectors and public research laboratories. Using this measure, we explore the underlying network of knowledge linkages between scientific fields and industrial sectors in France. We show empirically that there exists a significant negative correlation between the geographical distance between firms and laboratories and their scientific proximity, suggesting strongly localized spillovers. Moreover, we uncover some important differences by field, stronger than when using standard patent-based measures of proximity

Dynamic Study and PI Control of Milk Cooling Process

The background of this research is to understand the operation process, which is the main goal of developing the process model. This model is often used for operator training, process design, safety system analysis, or control system design. The dynamic model of the milk cooling process from 36˚C to 4˚C using chilled water available at 2˚C was performed. Chilled water was maintained at a constant temperature by using a refrigerant unit. The process being investigated was a Packo brand milk cooling tank belonging to KUD SAE Pujon (Malang - Indonesia). A fundamental heat balance method was used to derive the model, leading to a first-order transfer function process. For a 2-hr cooling process, the gain and time constant values are 1.00 and 42.3548 mins, respectively. Heat balance was then extended to continuous processes so that its transfer function could also be obtained. This study simulated and investigated the behavior of batch and continuous processes. Process Identification via input-output data was also introduced for continuous process. The process model obtained from the system identification toolbox was very useful in control, such as for determining tuning parameters via the Ziegler-Nichol method for Proportional-Integral control. However, a small delay was required to be introduced to the system as the first order process without time Ziegler Nichol method cannot be implemented. Further research may include other system identification methods, such as ARX, ARMAX, Output-Error, Box Jenkins etc., or implementing advanced process control for milk cooling

Assessing the sustainability of indigenous food systems in Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health Nutrition & Food Systems at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand

Chapter 2 is reproduced with the publisher's permission. This article was published in Vogliano, C., Murray, L., Coad, J., Wham, C., Maelaua, J., Kafa, R., & Burlingame, B., Progress towards SDG 2: Zero hunger in Melanesia – A state of data scoping review, Global Food Security, 29, 100519, © Elsevier 2021. Chapter 3 is reproduced with permission. This article was published as Chapter 4, From the ocean to the mountains: Storytelling in the Pacific Islands, in FAO and Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Indigenous Peoples’ food systems: Insights on sustainability and resilience from the front line of climate change, Rome, 2021, http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb5131en. Chapters 4 & 5 are re-used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Appendices A & H are re-used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/. Appendix B was removed for copyright reasons. Appendix C is re-used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Indigenous Peoples living in Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) who have traditionally relied on locally grown, biodiverse foods for their primary source of nutrition are now seeing the adverse impacts of changing diets and climate change. Shifts away from traditional diets towards modern, imported and ultra-processed foods are likely giving rise to noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which are now the leading causes of mortality. Climate change is magnifying health inequities and challenging food and nutrition security through heavier rains, longer droughts, and rising sea levels. COVID-19 has highlighted additional challenges for those living in PSIDS, exposing vulnerabilities across global food systems. Using Solomon Islands as a proxy for the broader Pacific, this thesis aims to assess PSIDS food system sustainability, including diet quality and diversity, as well as perceived food system transitions. Findings from this thesis can help strengthen discourse around promoting sustainable and resilient food systems and help achieve food and nutrition security targets set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Study on open science: The general state of the play in Open Science principles and practices at European life sciences institutes

Nowadays, open science is a hot topic on all levels and also is one of the priorities of the European Research Area. Components that are commonly associated with open science are open access, open data, open methodology, open source, open peer review, open science policies and citizen science. Open science may a great potential to connect and influence the practices of researchers, funding institutions and the public. In this paper, we evaluate the level of openness based on public surveys at four European life sciences institute

Los sistemas de organización del conocimiento en la evaluación científica: implicaciones para las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales

[Resumen] La finalidad de esta tesis consiste en averiguar si la evaluación de la investigación en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales en España se ve afectada por las múltiples clasificaciones del conocimiento que intervienen en el proceso. Con este objetivo, se ha profundizado en el estudio de los sistemas de organización del conocimiento y de los criterios de evaluación utilizados por parte de las tres agencias estatales de evaluación –ANECA, ANEP y CNEAI–, tanto a nivel interno (organización de los expedientes de aquellos que van a ser evaluados y organización de comisiones y comités de evaluación según áreas de conocimiento), como en lo que se refiere a las fuentes de información externa que sirven como referencia para la evaluación de la calidad de las publicaciones aportadas por los investigadores. En los análisis se han identificado conflictos que denotan la existencia de conexiones entre la organización del conocimiento y la evaluación científica en España, pero no se ha demostrado si se corresponden con una relación de interdependencia.[Abstract]The aim of this thesis is to find out if the assessment of research in the areas of Humanities and Social Sciences in Spain has been affected by the multiple knowledge classifications involved in the process. With the objective of developing that idea, knowledge organization systems and evaluation criteria used by the three state agencies in charge of evaluation –ANECA, ANEP and CNEAI– have been studied, both at internal level (organization of the files of those who are going to be assessed, and organization of evaluation committees and commissions according to knowledge areas) and in relation to those external information sources that are used as a reference by the agencies to assess the quality of researcher’s publications. Results show the existence of several conflicts that denote the presence of connections between knowledge organization and scientific evaluation in Spain, but it has not been stablished whether they correspond to an interdependency relationship.[Resumo] A finalidade principal de esta tese, consiste en descubrir se as múltiples clasificacións do coñecemento que interveñen no proceso de avaliación da investigación en Humanidades e Ciencias Sociais en España afectan ós resultados da avaliación da ciencia. Con dito obxectivo, afóndase no estudo dos sistemas de organización do coñecemento e dos criterios de avaliación utilizados polas tres axencias estatais de avaliación –ANECA, ANEP e CNEAI–, tanto a nivel interno (organización dos expedientes daqueles que optan á avaliación e organización de comisións e comités de avaliación segundo as áreas de coñecemento), como no que se refire ás fontes de información externa que serven como referencia para a avaliación da calidade das publicacións achegadas polos investigadores. Os resultados do análise amosan a existencia de conflitos que denotan a presenza de conexións entre a organización do coñecemento e a avaliación científica en España, pero sen establecer se se corresponden cunha relación de interdependencia