A Novel Technique for Tuning PI -controller In Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Transportation Systems

This paper presents, an optimal basic speed controller for switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on ant colony optimization (ACO) with the presence of good accuracies and performances. The control mechanism consists of proportional-integral (PI) speed controller in the outer loop and hysteresis current controller in the inner loop for the three phases, 6/4 switched reluctance motor. Because of nonlinear characteristics of a SRM, ACO algorithm is employed to tune coefficients of PI speed controller by minimizing the time domain objective function. Simulations of ACO based control of SRM are carried out using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. The behavior of the proposed ACO has been estimated with the classical Ziegler- Nichols (ZN) method in order to prove the proposed approach is able to improve the parameters of PI chosen by ZN method. Simulations results confirm the better behavior of the optimized PI controller based on ACO compared with optimized PI controller based on classical Ziegler-Nichols method

Investigation of a non-linear suspension in a quarter car model

This thesis presents the study of a quarter car model which consists of a two-degree-of-freedom (2 DOF) with a linear spring and a nonlinear spring configuration. In this thesis, the use of non-linear vibration attachments is briefly explained, and a survey of the research done in this area is also discussed. The survey will show what have been done by the researches in this new field of nonlinear attachments. Also, it will be shown that this topic was not extensively researched and is a new type of research where no sufficient experimental work has been applied. As an application, a quarter car model was chosen to be investigated. The aim of the Thesis is to validate theoretically and experimentally the use of nonlinear springs in a quarter car model. Design the new type of suspension and insert it in the experimental set up, built from the ground up in the laboratory. A novel criterion for optimal ride comfort is the root mean square of the absolute acceleration specified by British standards ISO 2631-1997. A new way to reduce vibrations is to take advantage of nonlinear components. The mathematical model of the quarter-car is derived, and the dynamics are evaluated in terms of the main mass displacement and acceleration. The simulation of the car dynamics is performed using Matlab® and Simulink®. The realization of vibration reduction through one-way irreversible nonlinear energy localization which requires no pre-tuning in a quarter car model is studied for the first time. Results show that the addition of the nonlinear stiffness decreases the vibration of the sprung mass to meet optimal ride comfort standards. As the passenger is situated above the sprung mass, any reduction in the sprung mass dynamics will directly have the same effect on the passenger of the vehicle. The future is in the use of a nonlinear suspension that could provide improvement in performance over that realized by the passive, semi active and active suspension. The use of a quarter car model is simple compared to a half car model or a full car model, furthermore in the more complex models you can study the heave and the pitch of the vehicle. For the initial study of the nonlinear spring the quarter car model was sufficient enough to study the dynamics of the vehicle. Obtaining an optimum suspension system is of great importance for automotive and vibration engineer involved in the vehicle design process. The suspension affects an automobile’s comfort, performance, and safety. In this thesis, the optimization of suspension parameters which include the spring stiffness and damper coefficient is designed to compromise between the comfort and the road handling. Using Genetic algorithm an automated optimization of suspension parameters was executed to meet performance requirements specified. Results show that by optimizing the parameters the vibration in the system decreases immensely

Efficiency and Sustainability of the Distributed Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts-Volume II

The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems, and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications, such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain technology, and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above

Electromechanics of an Ocean Current Turbine

The development of a numeric simulation for predicting the performance of an Ocean Current Energy Conversion System is presented in this thesis along with a control system development using a PID controller for the achievement of specified rotational velocity set-points. In the beginning, this numeric model is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink® and it is used to predict the performance of a three phase squirrel single-cage type induction motor/generator in two different cases. The first case is a small 3 meter rotor diameter, 20 kW ocean current turbine with fixed pitch blades, and the second case a 20 meter, 720 kW ocean current turbine with variable pitch blades. Furthermore, the second case is also used for the development of a Voltage Source Variable Frequency Drive for the induction motor/generator. Comparison among the Variable Frequency Drive and a simplified model is applied. Finally, the simulation is also used to estimate the average electric power generation from the 720 kW Ocean Current Energy Conversion System which consists of an induction generator and an ocean current turbine connected with a shaft which modeled as a mechanical vibration system

Electromechanics of an Ocean Current Turbine

The development of a numeric simulation for predicting the performance of an Ocean Current Energy Conversion System is presented in this thesis along with a control system development using a PID controller for the achievement of specified rotational velocity set-points. In the beginning, this numeric model is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink® and it is used to predict the performance of a three phase squirrel single-cage type induction motor/generator in two different cases. The first case is a small 3 meter rotor diameter, 20 kW ocean current turbine with fixed pitch blades, and the second case a 20 meter, 720 kW ocean current turbine with variable pitch blades. Furthermore, the second case is also used for the development of a Voltage Source Variable Frequency Drive for the induction motor/generator. Comparison among the Variable Frequency Drive and a simplified model is applied. Finally, the simulation is also used to estimate the average electric power generation from the 720 kW Ocean Current Energy Conversion System which consists of an induction generator and an ocean current turbine connected with a shaft which modeled as a mechanical vibration system

New trends in electrical vehicle powertrains

The electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle play a fundamental role in the forthcoming new paradigms of mobility and energy models. The electrification of the transport sector would lead to advantages in terms of energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but would also be a great opportunity for the introduction of renewable sources in the electricity sector. The chapters in this book show a diversity of current and new developments in the electrification of the transport sector seen from the electric vehicle point of view: first, the related technologies with design, control and supervision, second, the powertrain electric motor efficiency and reliability and, third, the deployment issues regarding renewable sources integration and charging facilities. This is precisely the purpose of this book, that is, to contribute to the literature about current research and development activities related to new trends in electric vehicle power trains.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Computer aided design of 3D of renewable energy platform for Togo's smart grid power system infrastructure

The global requirement for sustainable energy provision will become increasingly important over the next fifty years as the environmental effects of fossil fuel use become apparent. Therefore, the issues surrounding integration of renewable energy supplies need to be considered carefully. The focus of this work was the development of an innovative computer aided design of a 3 Dimensional renewable energy platform for Togo’s smart grid power system infrastructure. It demonstrates its validation for industrial, commercial and domestic applications. The Wind, Hydro, and PV system forming our 3 Dimensional renewable energy power generation systems introduces a new path for hybrid systems which extends the system capacities to include, a stable and constant clean energy supply, a reduced harmonic distortion, and an improved power system efficiency. Issues requiring consideration in high percentage renewable energy systems therefore includes the reliability of the supply when intermittent sources of electricity are being used, and the subsequent necessity for storage and back-up generation The adoption of Genetic algorithms in this case was much suited in minimizing the THD as the adoption of the CHB-MLI was ideal for connecting renewable energy sources with an AC grid. Cascaded inverters have also been proposed for use as the main traction drive in electric vehicles, where several batteries or ultra-capacitors are well suited to serve as separate DC sources. The simulation done in various non-linear load conditions showed the proportionality of an integral control based compensating cascaded passive filter thereby balancing the system even in non-linear load conditions. The measured total harmonic distortion of the source currents was found to be 2.36% thereby in compliance with IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-3 standards for harmonics This work has succeeded in developing a more complete tool for analysing the feasibility of integrated renewable energy systems. This will allow informed decisions to be made about the technical feasibility of supply mix and control strategies, plant type, sizing and storage sizing, for any given area and range of supply options. The developed 3D renewable energy platform was examined and evaluated using CAD software analysis and a laboratory base mini test. The initial results showed improvements compared to other hybrid systems and their existing control systems. There was a notable improvement in the dynamic load demand and response, stability of the system with a reduced harmonic distortion. The derivatives of this research therefore proposes an innovative solution and a path for Togo and its intention of switching to renewable energy especially for its smart grid power system infrastructure. It demonstrates its validation for industrial, commercial and domestic applicationsN/

Review on auto-depth control system for an unmanned underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) using intelligent controller

This paper presents a review of auto-depth control system for an Unmanned Underwater Remotely operated Vehicle (ROV), focusing on the Artificial Intelligent Controller Techniques. Specifically, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is utilized in auto-depth control system for the ROV. This review covered recently published documents for auto-depth control of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV). This paper also describes the control issues in UUV especially for the ROV, which has inspired the authors to develop a new technique for auto-depth control of the ROV, called the SIFLC. This technique was the outcome of an investigation and tuning of two parameters, namely the break point and slope for the piecewise linear or slope for the linear approximation. Hardware comparison of the same concepts of ROV design was also discussed. The ROV design is for smallscale, open frame and lower speed. The review on auto-depth control system for ROV, provides insights for readers to design new techniques and algorithms for auto-depth control

Transient stability enhancement of wind farms connected to a multi-machine power system by using an adaptive ANN-controlled SMES

This paper presents a novel adaptive artificial neural network (ANN)-controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to enhance the transient stability of wind farms connected to a multi-machine power system during network disturbances. The control strategy of SMES depends mainly on a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage source converter (VSC) and an adaptive ANN-controlled DC-DC converter using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ANN-controlled SMES is then compared with that of proportional-integral (PI)-controlled SMES optimized by response surface methodology and genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) considering both of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. For realistic responses, real wind speed data and two-mass drive train model of wind turbine generator system is considered in the analyses. The validity of the proposed system is verified by the simulation results which are performed using the laboratory standard dynamic power system simulator PSCAD/EMTDC. Notably, the proposed adaptive ANN-controlled SMES enhances the transient stability of wind farms connected to a multi-machine power system

Rotor Position Estimation of a Pseudo Direct Drive PM machine using Extended Kalman Filter

The paper describes an improved method to control a Pseudo Direct Drive (PDD) permanent magnet machine with only one sensor on the low-speed rotor (LSR). Due to the magnetic coupling between the two rotors, the PDD machine exhibits low stiffness and non-linear torque transmission characteristics, and hence, the position of the high-speed rotor (HSR) cannot be determined using a simple gear ratio relationship. An extended kalman filter is proposed to accurately estimate the position of the HSR which is used to provide electronic commutation for the drive. The technique has been implemented on a prototype PDD subjected to various speed and load torque profiles