Joint received signal strength, angle-of-arrival, and time-of-flight positioning

This paper presents a software positioning framework that is able to jointly use measured values of three parameters: the received signal strength, the angle-of-arrival, and the time-of-flight of the wireless signals. Based on experimentally determined measurement accuracies of these three parameters, results of a realistic simulation scenario are presented. It is shown that for the given configuration, angle-of-arrival and received signal strength measurements benefit from a hybrid system that combines both. Thanks to their higher accuracy, time-of-flight systems perform significantly better, and obtain less added value from a combination with the other two parameters

A Survey of Positioning Systems Using Visible LED Lights

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.As Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot provide satisfying performance in indoor environments, indoor positioning technology, which utilizes indoor wireless signals instead of GPS signals, has grown rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, visible light communication (VLC) using light devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been deemed to be a promising candidate in the heterogeneous wireless networks that may collaborate with radio frequencies (RF) wireless networks. In particular, light-fidelity has a great potential for deployment in future indoor environments because of its high throughput and security advantages. This paper provides a comprehensive study of a novel positioning technology based on visible white LED lights, which has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. The essential characteristics and principles of this system are deeply discussed, and relevant positioning algorithms and designs are classified and elaborated. This paper undertakes a thorough investigation into current LED-based indoor positioning systems and compares their performance through many aspects, such as test environment, accuracy, and cost. It presents indoor hybrid positioning systems among VLC and other systems (e.g., inertial sensors and RF systems). We also review and classify outdoor VLC positioning applications for the first time. Finally, this paper surveys major advances as well as open issues, challenges, and future research directions in VLC positioning systems.Peer reviewe

Distributed and adaptive location identification system for mobile devices

Indoor location identification and navigation need to be as simple, seamless, and ubiquitous as its outdoor GPS-based counterpart is. It would be of great convenience to the mobile user to be able to continue navigating seamlessly as he or she moves from a GPS-clear outdoor environment into an indoor environment or a GPS-obstructed outdoor environment such as a tunnel or forest. Existing infrastructure-based indoor localization systems lack such capability, on top of potentially facing several critical technical challenges such as increased cost of installation, centralization, lack of reliability, poor localization accuracy, poor adaptation to the dynamics of the surrounding environment, latency, system-level and computational complexities, repetitive labor-intensive parameter tuning, and user privacy. To this end, this paper presents a novel mechanism with the potential to overcome most (if not all) of the abovementioned challenges. The proposed mechanism is simple, distributed, adaptive, collaborative, and cost-effective. Based on the proposed algorithm, a mobile blind device can potentially utilize, as GPS-like reference nodes, either in-range location-aware compatible mobile devices or preinstalled low-cost infrastructure-less location-aware beacon nodes. The proposed approach is model-based and calibration-free that uses the received signal strength to periodically and collaboratively measure and update the radio frequency characteristics of the operating environment to estimate the distances to the reference nodes. Trilateration is then used by the blind device to identify its own location, similar to that used in the GPS-based system. Simulation and empirical testing ascertained that the proposed approach can potentially be the core of future indoor and GPS-obstructed environments

A Review of pedestrian indoor positioning systems for mass market applications

In the last decade, the interest in Indoor Location Based Services (ILBS) has increased stimulating the development of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS). In particular, ILBS look for positioning systems that can be applied anywhere in the world for millions of users, that is, there is a need for developing IPS for mass market applications. Those systems must provide accurate position estimations with minimum infrastructure cost and easy scalability to different environments. This survey overviews the current state of the art of IPSs and classifies them in terms of the infrastructure and methodology employed. Finally, each group is reviewed analysing its advantages and disadvantages and its applicability to mass market applications

Optical Channel Impulse Response-Based Localization Using An Artificial Neural Network

Visible light positioning has the potential to yield sub-centimeter accuracy in indoor environments, yet conventional received signal strength (RSS)-based localization algorithms cannot achieve this because their performance degrades from optical multipath reflection. However, this part of the optical received signal is deterministic due to the often static and predictable nature of the optical wireless channel. In this paper, the performance of optical channel impulse response (OCIR)-based localization is studied using an artificial neural network (ANN) to map embedded features of the OCIR to the user equipment's location. Numerical results show that OCIR-based localization outperforms conventional RSS techniques by two orders of magnitude using only two photodetectors as anchor points. The ANN technique can take advantage of multipath features in a wide range of scenarios, from using only the DC value to relying on high-resolution time sampling that can result in sub-centimeter accuracy

Wi-Fi Fingerprinting for Indoor Positioning

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Fingerprinting is a remarkable approach developed by modern science to detect the user’s location efficiently. Today, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to keep track of our current location for outdoor positioning. In GPS technology, satellite signals cannot reach indoor environments as they are shielded from obstructions so that indoor environments with a lack of Line of Sight (LoS) do not provide enough satellite signal accuracy. Since indoor environments are very difficult to track, thus, a wide variety of techniques for dealing with them have been suggested. The best way to offer an indoor positioning service with the current technology is Wi-Fi since the most commercial infrastructure is well equipped with Wi-Fi routers. For indoor positioning systems (IPS), Wi-Fi fingerprinting approaches are being extremely popular. In this paper, all the approaches for Wi-Fi fingerprinting have been reviewed for indoor position localization. Related to Wi-Fi fingerprinting, most of the algorithms have been interpreted and the previous works of other researchers have been critically analyzed in this paper to get a clear view of the Wi-Fi fingerprinting process

Wi-Fi Fingerprinting for Indoor Positioning

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Fingerprinting is a remarkable approach developed by modern science to detect the user’s location efficiently. Today, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to keep track of our current location for outdoor positioning. In GPS technology, satellite signals cannot reach indoor environments as they are shielded from obstructions so that indoor environments with a lack of Line of Sight (LoS) do not provide enough satellite signal accuracy. Since indoor environments are very difficult to track, thus, a wide variety of techniques for dealing with them have been suggested. The best way to offer an indoor positioning service with the current technology is Wi-Fi since the most commercial infrastructure is well equipped with Wi-Fi routers. For indoor positioning systems (IPS), Wi-Fi fingerprinting approaches are being extremely popular. In this paper, all the approaches for Wi-Fi fingerprinting have been reviewed for indoor position localization. Related to Wi-Fi fingerprinting, most of the algorithms have been interpreted and the previous works of other researchers have been critically analyzed in this paper to get a clear view of the Wi-Fi fingerprinting process