Hybrid Neural Network and Linear Model for Natural Produce Recognition Using Computer Vision

Natural produce recognition is a classification problem with various applications in the food industry. This paper proposes a natural produce recognition method using computer vision. The proposed method uses simple features consisting of statistical color features and the derivative of radius function. A hybrid neural network and linear model based on a Kalman filter (NN-LMKF) was employed as classifier. One thousand images from ten categories of natural produce were used to validate the proposed method by using 5-fold cross validation. The experimental result showed that the proposed method achieved classification accuracy of 98.40%. This means it performed better than the original neural network and k-nearest neighborhood

Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-based Corn Kernel Detection and Counting

Precise in-season corn grain yield estimates enable farmers to make real-time accurate harvest and grain marketing decisions minimizing possible losses of profitability. A well developed corn ear can have up to 800 kernels, but manually counting the kernels on an ear of corn is labor-intensive, time consuming and prone to human error. From an algorithmic perspective, the detection of the kernels from a single corn ear image is challenging due to the large number of kernels at different angles and very small distance among the kernels. In this paper, we propose a kernel detection and counting method based on a sliding window approach. The proposed method detect and counts all corn kernels in a single corn ear image taken in uncontrolled lighting conditions. The sliding window approach uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for kernel detection. Then, a non-maximum suppression (NMS) is applied to remove overlapping detections. Finally, windows that are classified as kernel are passed to another CNN regression model for finding the (x,y) coordinates of the center of kernel image patches. Our experiments indicate that the proposed method can successfully detect the corn kernels with a low detection error and is also able to detect kernels on a batch of corn ears positioned at different angles.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Networks Data Transfer Classification Based On Neural Networks

Data transmission classification is an important issue in networks communications, since the data classification process has the ultimate impact in organizing and arranging it according to size and area to prepare it for transmission to minimize the transmission bandwidth and enhancing the bit rate. There are several methods and mechanisms for classifying the transmitted data according to the type of data and to the classification efficiency. One of the most recent classification methods is the classification of artificial neural networks (ANN). It is considered one of the most dynamic and up-to-date research in areas of application. ANN is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI). The neural network is trained by backpropagation algorithm. Various combinations of functions and their effect while utilizing ANN as a file, classifier was studied and the validity of these functions for different types of datasets was analyzed. Back propagation neural university (BPNN) supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function might be utilized with as a successful data classification tool with a suitable set of training and learning functions which operates, when the probability is maximum. Whenever the maximum likelihood method was compared with backpropagation neural network method, the BPNN supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function was further accurate than maximum likelihood method. A high predictive ability against stable and well-functioning BPNN is possible. Multilayer feed-forward neural network algorithm is also used for classification. However BPNN supported with Levenberg Marqurdte (LM) activation function proves to be more effective than other classification algorithms

Multiple Sclerosis Identification Based on Fractional Fourier Entropy and a Modified Jaya Algorithm

Aim: Currently, identifying multiple sclerosis (MS) by human experts may come across the problem of “normal-appearing white matter”, which causes a low sensitivity. Methods: In this study, we presented a computer vision based approached to identify MS in an automatic way. This proposed method first extracted the fractional Fourier entropy map from a specified brain image. Afterwards, it sent the features to a multilayer perceptron trained by a proposed improved parameter-free Jaya algorithm. We used cost-sensitivity learning to handle the imbalanced data problem. Results: The 10 × 10-fold cross validation showed our method yielded a sensitivity of 97.40 ± 0.60%, a specificity of 97.39 ± 0.65%, and an accuracy of 97.39 ± 0.59%. Conclusions: We validated by experiments that the proposed improved Jaya performs better than plain Jaya algorithm and other latest bioinspired algorithms in terms of classification performance and training speed. In addition, our method is superior to four state-of-the-art MS identification approaches

A comprehensive review of fruit and vegetable classification techniques

Recent advancements in computer vision have enabled wide-ranging applications in every field of life. One such application area is fresh produce classification, but the classification of fruit and vegetable has proven to be a complex problem and needs to be further developed. Fruit and vegetable classification presents significant challenges due to interclass similarities and irregular intraclass characteristics. Selection of appropriate data acquisition sensors and feature representation approach is also crucial due to the huge diversity of the field. Fruit and vegetable classification methods have been developed for quality assessment and robotic harvesting but the current state-of-the-art has been developed for limited classes and small datasets. The problem is of a multi-dimensional nature and offers significantly hyperdimensional features, which is one of the major challenges with current machine learning approaches. Substantial research has been conducted for the design and analysis of classifiers for hyperdimensional features which require significant computational power to optimise with such features. In recent years numerous machine learning techniques for example, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Trees, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been exploited with many different feature description methods for fruit and vegetable classification in many real-life applications. This paper presents a critical comparison of different state-of-the-art computer vision methods proposed by researchers for classifying fruit and vegetable

Aplicación de técnicas de teledetección en ecosistemas macaronésicos.

The climatic and orographic conditions of Tenerife Island (Canaray Islands, Spain) have allowed the development of a rich biodiversity and different ecosystems. However, such a fragmented territory, the spectral similarity and complex spatial distribution of the species of vegetation, complicates the task of maintaining updated cartography using the traditional, costly and time-consuming fieldwork. Because of these limitations, this thesis proposed the use of remote sensing techniques from satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles in conjunction with selective field spectroradiometry, to map two important ecosystems situated in Tenerife: an agro-ecosystem dominated by chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the north slope of the island and a natural ecosystem (Malpaís de Güímar) in the southeast, with vegetation of beekeeping interest where the Cardonal-Tabaibal prevails. We performed thee different studies. In the first, the potential of very high- resolution (VHR) WorldView imagery and extended morphological profiles for mapping chestnut trees in the agroecosystem was analysed. Secondly, we spectrally characterized the vegetation of beekeeping interest in the Malpaís de Güímar and determined the wavelengths that best discriminated the vegetation species using a spectral separability analysis. Finally, we analysed the potential of 10 cm spatial resolution hyperspectral images to obtain cartography of the selected plant species in the Malpaís de Güímar. All remote sensing datasets (images) were classified with the Random Forest (RF) machine-learning algorithm to obtain the thematic maps of the ecosystems. RF is an adequate algorithm for mapping classes with complex characteristics, such as many of the plant species considered in this study. It demonstrated its ability to classify, with overall accuracies greater than 85%, both high-dimensional dataset (WorldView and hyperspectral images). In relation to the agro-ecosystem, two VHR WorldView images (March and May) to cover different phenological phases of chestnut trees were used. Moreover, was included spatial information in the classification process by extended morphological profiles (EMPs). The detailed accuracy assessment clearly reveals the benefits of multitemporal images in terms of mapping accuracy. The overall accuracies of the mono-temporal classifications are increased between 2% and 15%, when compared to the results achieved on the multitemporal data set. The inclusion of spatial information by EMPs further increases the classification accuracy by 5% and reduces the quantity and allocation disagreements in the final map. During years 2017 and 2018, an intense fieldwork was carried out to measure, with the ASD FieldSpec 3 spectroradiometer, the characteristic spectral signatures of the plant species with the greatest pollination potential in the Malpaís de Güímar. A spectral separability analysis, with the Jeffries-Matusita distance, made it possible to find the fourteen best spectral bands to discriminate the species. This analysis was customized for a Resonon Pika L camera that captures hyperspectral data from 400 nm to 1000 nm from a UAV. The results show that only eleven plant species show spectral separability with values higher than 1.9. The red-edge interval (705.5 nm - 757.5 nm) is particularly noteworthy. For the mapping of the Malpais de Güímar, a hyperspectral image covering approximately 6 ha was selected. Eight thematic classes were identified and defined: Aulaga, Balo, Cardón, Salado, Tabaiba amarga, Suelo, Sombra and Colmenas. From the original image of 120 spectral bands (ORIGINAL), two other reduced dimension datasets were constructed: PCA, which included the first five principal components; and SPECTRAL with the fourteen spectral bands of the previous spectral separability analysis. The ORIGINAL and PCA images showed the best results, with overall accuracies of 91.5% and 91.3%, respectively. However, no significant differences were found between them. The best-classified plant species was Cardón with a commission error of 1.1% and an omission error of 4%. In general, the thesis shows a methodology to generate accurate maps and monitor changes in the two relevant macaronesic ecosystems under study. The maps obtained in this work, increase and improve the information available so far, and could help reduce the vulnerability of these ecosystems to global climate change, strengthen their adaptation processes to prevent the loss of biological diversity and promote the development of sustainable activities to achieve their conservation