Treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Disease at Miracle Animal Clinic, Surabaya

Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) is a viral disease caused by the Parvoviridae family. FPV can attack cats, especially young felidae. FPV has high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to find a treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus at Mircale Animal Clinic Surabaya. The research was conducted in February 2022. The results showed that there were 8 cats with positive FPV test kit result. All of cats had sama clinical sign include vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia Treatment of  Feline Panleukopenia Virus at Mircale Animal Clinic Surabaya through administration of fluid therapy, antacids, anti-inflammatories, B complex vitamins and antibiotics. Prevention of FPV through vaccination, sanitation, and environmental hygiene. Keywords: Feline Panleukopenia Virus, Treatment, Miracle Animal Clinic Surabay

Faktor Risiko Feline Panleukopenia pada Kucing di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

AbstractFeline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection in cats caused a disease called feline panleukopenia with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is no causative therapy for this disease yet, therefore knowing risk factors is important measure to prevent the disease. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of feline panleukopenia in Special Region of Yogyakarta therefore disease prevention can be done as early as possible. A retrospective case-control study that used 35 cats in the case group and 70 cats in the control group. Case group consisted all feline panleukopenia patients that were tested positive with Anigen FPV Ag Test Kit (Bionote, South Korea) from two local clinics. Control group consisted cats that were own by the neighbour of cats from the case group with age and sex as matching variables. Owner characteristics including formal education, occupation, duration of having cat(s), monthly maintenance cost, and interaction time per day also feline characteristics including breed, neuter status, origin, husbandry, and vaccination status were assessed. Association analysis was done using EpiInfo (chi-square and odds ratio) and manually calculated (estimated attributable fraction and estimated population attributable fraction). Associated risk factors of feline panleukopenia were duration of having cat(s) less than a year, domestic cat breed, cat origins such as pet store or market and stray cat, the presence of new cat(s), outdoor cat lifestyle, waste disposal outdoor, and not vaccinated cat. Vaccination status and the presence of new cat(s) had the highest strength compared to other risk factors. It can be concluded that vaccination and quarantine of new animals are important measures to prevent feline panleukopenia.Keywords: case-control study, cats, feline panleukopeni

Feline Host Range of Canine parvovirus: Recent Emergence of New Antigenic Types in Cats

Since the emergence of Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) in the late 1970s, CPV-2 has evolved consecutively new antigenic types, CPV-2a and 2b. Although CPV-2 did not have a feline host range, CPV-2a and 2b appear to have gained the ability to replicate in cats. Recent investigations demonstrate the prevalence of CPV-2a and 2b infection in a wide range of cat populations. We illustrate the pathogenic potential of CPV in cats and assesses the risk caused by CPV variants

In silico comparative study of epitopes predicted from different strains of genus parvovirus.

Parvoviruses are typically linear, non-segmented single-stranded DNA viruses, with an average genome size of 5000 nucleotides. Parvoviruses are some of the smallest viruses found in nature. Some have been found as small as 23 nm. Many types of mammalian species have a strain of parvovirus associated with them. Parvoviruses tend to be specific about the taxon of animal they will infect, but this is a somewhat flexible characteristic. Thus, all strains of parvovirus will affect dogs, wolves, and foxes, but only some of them will infect human. Parvovirus is treated with the help of vaccines but the traditional vaccine development process is very expensive and unsafe, with the help of insilico software tools and databases we can predict the epitopes of parvovirus species such as Canine parvovirus, Feline panleukopenia virus, H-1 virus, LUIII virus, Mink enteritis virus, Minute virus of mice, Porcine parvovirus, Raccoon parvovirus, by using Bepipred, CTLpred. These predictions will be useful for reverse vaccinology against parvoviruses infections for cattle and mankind

SA-18 Retrospective Study of Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Jakarta

Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) is caused by feline parvovirus, a single stranded DNA virus. This virus is a fatal and highly contagious in cats. Control of this disease is complicated by environmental resistance, the shedding of high viral loads and interspecies transmission. Cats all of ages may be affected by FPV but kittens are most susceptible. Signs of disease include diarrhea, lymphopenia, neutropenia, followed by thrombocytopenia and anemia, cerebellar ataxia (in kittens only), abortion and immunosuppression (transient in adult cats) (Truyen et. al 2009). The severity of clinical sign depends on the immune status of the animal and the present of other infections (Rodriguez and Guererro 2017).In Jakarta, the prevalence rate of this viral infection believed still high, but there were only few studies has been reported. The aim of this study were to provide the retrospective data of prevalence rate and survival rate concerning ages and concurrent disease of cats infected by FPV in Veterinary Clinic Drh. Cucu K. Sajuthi and Assosiate, Jakarta, Indonesia

Detection of feline panleukopenia with antigen test kit

Feline panleukopenia is an infectious disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The signs of infected cats in-clude fever, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhoea, and vomit. A secondary infection can exacerbate this condition, such as bacteria. The aim of this study to find out the diagnostic technique and the FPV detection method using the FPV antigen test kit. On August 2nd, 2021, the cat was brought to Griya Fauna Mojokerto with severe flu. In addition, based on the information, the cat has decreased appetite. The physical examination results that the temperature was 39.5 °C, bodyweight of 2.9 kg, and the cat looked weak when observed. Further, the FPV antigen test kit was used to confirm the diagnosis in this case. The FPV antigen test kit showed positive results that indicated by forming two lines on the test line (T) and the control line (C).Feline panleukopenia is an infectious disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The signs of infected cats in-clude fever, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhoea, and vomit. A secondary infection can exacerbate this condition, such as bacteria. The aim of this study to find out the diagnostic technique and the FPV detection method using the FPV antigen test kit. On August 2nd, 2021, the cat was brought to Griya Fauna Mojokerto with severe flu. In addition, based on the information, the cat has decreased appetite. The physical examination results that the temperature was 39.5 °C, bodyweight of 2.9 kg, and the cat looked weak when observed. Further, the FPV antigen test kit was used to confirm the diagnosis in this case. The FPV antigen test kit showed positive results that indicated by forming two lines on the test line (T) and the control line (C)

Severe, diffuse fibrinonecrotic pleuropneumonia in a cat affected by multiple viral infection

This communication describes the coinfection with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) in a 1 year\u2011old domestic cat living in a feline shelter. The cat was referred to veterinary hospital with clinical signs related to diffuse gastro-intestinal inflammation, it had developed a severe pneumopathy with fibrinous exudation in all body cavities and died 8 days after initial presentation. Pathological findings and biomolecular diagnostic test results were compatible with an initial FPV infection that, in consequence of the lymphoid depletion, has fostered coinfection or reactivation of chronic-latent infections with FeHV-1, FCV, and FCoV. In the reported case, the simultaneous presence of different viruses exacerbated the clinical status of the host, resulting in multiple organ damage and leading it to its death

Antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus vaccination in healthy adult cats

Objectives According to prior studies, between 25.0% and 92.8% of adult cats have antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and thus are likely protected against FPV infection. It is, however, unknown how healthy adult cats with different antibody titres react to FPV vaccination in the field. Therefore, the aim of the study was to measure antibody titres in healthy adult cats within a period of 28 days after vaccination against FPV and to evaluate factors that are associated with a lack of adequate response to vaccination. Methods One hundred and twelve healthy adult cats were vaccinated with a vaccine against FPV, feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus. Antibodies against FPV were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 after vaccination by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). A HI titre > 1:40 was defined as protective. An adequate response to vaccination was defined as a four-fold titre increase. Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine factors associated with an adequate response. Results Pre-vaccination antibody titres of > 1:40 were present in 64.3% (72/112;95% confidence interval [CI] 55.1-72.6). Only 47.3% (53/112;95% CI 37.8-57.0) of cats had an adequate response to vaccination. Factors associated with an adequate response to vaccination were lack of previous vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 15.58;95% CI 1.4-179.1;P = 0.035), lack of antibodies (> 1:40) prior to vaccination (OR 23.10;95% CI 5.4-98.8;P 1:160) had an at least four-fold increase in FPV antibody titres, measurement of antibodies rather than regular revaccinations should be performed. Thus, evaluation of FPV antibody titre in cats with previous vaccinations against FPV are recommended prior to revaccination

Genetic complexity and multiple infections with more Parvovirus species in naturally infected cats

Parvoviruses of carnivores include three closely related autonomous parvoviruses: canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). These viruses cause a variety of serious diseases, especially in young patients, since they have a remarkable predilection for replication in rapidly dividing cells. FPV is not the only parvovirus species which infects cats; in addition to MEV, the new variants of canine parvovirus, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c have also penetrated the feline host-range, and they are able to infect and replicate in cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. Furthermore, as cats are susceptible to both CPV-2 and FPV viruses, superinfection and co-infection with multiple parvovirus strains may occur, potentially facilitating recombination and high genetic heterogeneity. In the light of the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses and, since feline panleukopenia virus has re-emerged as a major cause of mortality in felines, the present study has explored the molecular characteristics of parvovirus strains circulating in cat populations. The most significant findings reported in this study were (a) the detection of mixed infection FPV/CPV with the presence of one parvovirus variant which is a true intermediate between FPV/CPV and (b) the quasispecies cloud size of one CPV sample variant 2c. In conclusion, this study provides new important results about the evolutionary dynamics of CPV infections in cats, showing that CPV has presumably started a new process of readaptation in feline hosts