2,668 research outputs found
Medical imaging analysis with artificial neural networks
Given that neural networks have been widely reported in the research community of medical imaging, we provide a focused literature survey on recent neural network developments in computer-aided diagnosis, medical image segmentation and edge detection towards visual content analysis, and medical image registration for its pre-processing and post-processing, with the aims of increasing awareness of how neural networks can be applied to these areas and to provide a foundation for further research and practical development. Representative techniques and algorithms are explained in detail to provide inspiring examples illustrating: (i) how a known neural network with fixed structure and training procedure could be applied to resolve a medical imaging problem; (ii) how medical images could be analysed, processed, and characterised by neural networks; and (iii) how neural networks could be expanded further to resolve problems relevant to medical imaging. In the concluding section, a highlight of comparisons among many neural network applications is included to provide a global view on computational intelligence with neural networks in medical imaging
Tracking and Mapping in Medical Computer Vision: A Review
As computer vision algorithms are becoming more capable, their applications
in clinical systems will become more pervasive. These applications include
diagnostics such as colonoscopy and bronchoscopy, guiding biopsies and
minimally invasive interventions and surgery, automating instrument motion and
providing image guidance using pre-operative scans. Many of these applications
depend on the specific visual nature of medical scenes and require designing
and applying algorithms to perform in this environment.
In this review, we provide an update to the field of camera-based tracking
and scene mapping in surgery and diagnostics in medical computer vision. We
begin with describing our review process, which results in a final list of 515
papers that we cover. We then give a high-level summary of the state of the art
and provide relevant background for those who need tracking and mapping for
their clinical applications. We then review datasets provided in the field and
the clinical needs therein. Then, we delve in depth into the algorithmic side,
and summarize recent developments, which should be especially useful for
algorithm designers and to those looking to understand the capability of
off-the-shelf methods. We focus on algorithms for deformable environments while
also reviewing the essential building blocks in rigid tracking and mapping
since there is a large amount of crossover in methods. Finally, we discuss the
current state of the tracking and mapping methods along with needs for future
algorithms, needs for quantification, and the viability of clinical
applications in the field. We conclude that new methods need to be designed or
combined to support clinical applications in deformable environments, and more
focus needs to be put into collecting datasets for training and evaluation.Comment: 31 pages, 17 figure
Environment-aware non-rigid registration in surgery using physics-based simulation
International audienceThis paper presents a system for capturing the deformations of soft objects undergoing elastic deformations and contacts with their environment, using image and point cloud data provided by an RGB-D sensor. We improve upon previous works by integrating environment constraints in the frame-by-frame registration process. The approach combines a physics-based elastic model of the considered objects, computed in real-time using an optimized Finite Element Method (FEM), which is driven by surface constraints on the objects. Additional forces, such as gravity are added. A case study in open surgery on the liver is here described. Yet in this case a major improvement in the accuracy of the registration is provided by the integration of anatomical shape constraints, which are naturally hidden from the RGB-D camera, and that we account for through a registration with the pre-operative CT data. With a comparative study, we demonstrate the relevance of our method in a real world application mimicking an open surgery scenario where the liver has to be tracked to provide an augmented reality view
integration of enhanced optical tracking techniques and imaging in igrt
Patient setup/Optical tracking/IGRT/Treatment surveillance. In external beam radiotherapy, modern technologies for dynamic dose delivery and beam conformation provide high selectivity in radiation dose administration to the pathological volume. A comparable accuracy level is needed in the 3-D localization of tumor and organs at risk (OARs), in order to accomplish the planned dose distribution in the reality of each irradiation session. In-room imaging techniques for patient setup verification and tumor targeting may benefit of the combined daily use of optical tracking technologies, supported by techniques for the detection and compensation of organ motion events. Multiple solutions to enhance the use of optical tracking for the on-line correction of target localization uncertainties are described, with specific emphasis on the compensation of setup errors, breathing movements and non-rigid deformations. The final goal is the implementation of customized protocols where appropriate external landmarks, to be tracked in real-time by means of noninvasive optical devices, are selected as a function of inner target localization. The presented methodology features high accuracy in patient setup optimization, also providing a valuable tool for on-line patient surveillance, taking into account both breathing and deformation effects. The methodic application of optical tracking is put forward to represent a reliable and low cost procedure for the reduction of safety margins, once the patient-specific correlation between external landmarks and inner structures has been established. Therefore, the integration of optical tracking with in-room imaging devices is proposed as a way to gain higher confidence in the framework of Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) treatments
IGRT and motion management during lung SBRT delivery.
Patient motion can cause misalignment of the tumour and toxicities to the healthy lung tissue during lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Any deviations from the reference setup can miss the target and have acute toxic effects on the patient with consequences onto its quality of life and survival outcomes. Correction for motion, either immediately prior to treatment or intra-treatment, can be realized with image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and motion management devices. The use of these techniques has demonstrated the feasibility of integrating complex technology with clinical linear accelerator to provide a higher standard of care for the patients and increase their quality of life
Image-Aligned Dynamic Liver Reconstruction Using Intra-Operative Field of Views for Minimal Invasive Surgery
Available online on 30 November 2018. Author's post-print on open access repository after an embargo period of 12 months2019-11-3
MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery in musculoskeletal diseases: the hot topics
MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a minimally invasive treatment guided by the most sophisticated imaging tool available in today's clinical practice. Both the imaging and therapeutic sides of the equipment are based on non-ionizing energy. This technique is a very promising option as potential treatment for several pathologies, including musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. Apart from clinical applications, MRgFUS technology is the result of long, heavy and cumulative efforts exploring the effects of ultrasound on biological tissues and function, the generation of focused ultrasound and treatment monitoring by MRI. The aim of this article is to give an updated overview on a "new" interventional technique and on its applications for MSK and allied sciences
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