1940 JASC Diary

This is an online publication of the Center for East Asian Studies at the University of Kansas. The diary is referred to by http://www.halsema.org/people/JamesJuliusHalsema/JimBio.html. For more information about the Japan-America Student Conference, which is still being held annually, see http://iscdc.org/jasc/ .“Several years ago in a casual conversation Jim Halsema not only told me that he was a student delegate to the 7th Japan-America Student Conference held in Japan, but that he had kept a diary of that experience. Luckily for us Jim had that diary in his possession and has been willing to share it with us. Because Jim Halsema was an incredibly astute and careful observer, even at the relatively tender age of 21, we are able to share his keen perceptions of Japan, Korea, Manchuria, and China on the eve of the Pacific War. And what we are able to discern in retrospect from the Halsema diary is that a) the Japanese government had no intention whatever of diminishing its imperial state in Northeast Asia and b) that Japanese public opinion was extremely supportive of that position. From Halsema's observations one easily deduces that, behind the rhetoric of comity which is endemic in the nature of the Japan-America Student Conference, there was already evident a significant degree of tension at the base of Japanese-American relations. That Halsema was as insightful as he was can surely be attributed to his native intelligence and to his education and in particular, to his exposure to Asia including Japan from his earliest childhood.”—Goodman’s intro

General Katsura Taro and the Japanese Empire in East Asia, 1874-1913

General Katsura Tarö was a key figure in the development of Japan’s first national army, acted as colonial governor-general in Taiwan, developed what is now Takushoku University as a school for Japanese overseas administrators and businessmen, and, as prime minister for most of the period 1901-1913, took his country to alliance with Britain, war with Russia, and finally annexation of Korea. He was a political general who made the transition to full statesman. Ironically, however, on the point of introducing his own political party, he was crippled by the public’s intolerance of continuing military intrusion in Japanese politics. This thesis borrows Katsura’s life in order to investigate the relationship between Japan’s army, society, and empire in a period of extremely rapid change. The focus is on Japan’s overseas expansion, viewed a a kind of "social imperialism"; that is, that the creation of a conscript army was intended to regiment the people and prevent disorder, and that the employment of this army in overseas expansion was further designed to maintain domestic economic progress and divert outwards potentially disruptive social tensions. It is argued, however, that the inherent weaknesses of imperialism, involving expanded military force to defend overseas interests, heated competition between the army and navy for limited budgetary resources, and rising international discord, ultimately exacerbated the domestic pressures such expansion was intended to assuage, and that Katsura was unusual among army leaders in sufficiently perceiving this concertina relationship to adopt a revised approach to foreign policy. He came to emphasise economic development of overseas possessions over and above the military factor, and adopted a British-style business attitude towards imperialism. This is evident in his establishment of the Oriental Development Company in Korea, his willingness to consider joint American-Japanese development in Manchuria, his frequent rejection of inflationary army expansion after 1905, and his assumption of the office of finance minister in his own second cabinet (1908-1911). This study examines Japan’s military and foreign policies in the Meiji period, giving particular attention to China, Korea and Taiwan. It investigates the position of the army within Meiji society, and the changing relationship between the army and nascent political parties after the introduction of constitutional government in 1890. It also charts the rivalry between the Japanese army and navy, and within the army itself. It suggests, in conclusion, that Katsura Tarö was something of the "adaptable general" posited, but not realised, by Clausewitz, a general capable of balancing military and political requirements. However, this balance was ultimately impossible given the extraordinary stresses, nationally and internationally, of the late imperial age, and a viable policy of "economics first" had to wait on Japan’s utter military defeat in 1945

Learning to Industrialize

This book proposes a new, pragmatic way of approaching economic development which features policy learning based on a comparison of international best policy practices. While the important role of government in promoting private sector development is being recognized, policy discussion often remains general without details as to what exactly to do and how to avoid common pitfalls. This book fills the gap by showing concrete policy contents, procedures, and organizations adopted in high-performing East Asian economies. Natural resources and foreign aid and investment can take a country to a certain income level, but growth stalls when given advantages are exhausted. Economies will be caught in middle income traps if growth impetus is not internally generated. Meanwhile, countries that have soared to high income introduced mindset, policies, and institutions that encouraged, or even forced, accumulation of human capital – skills, technology, and knowledge. How this can be done systematically is the main topic of policy learning. However, government should not randomly adopt what Singapore or Taiwan did in the past. A continued march to prosperity is possible only when policy makers acquire capability to formulate policy suitable for local context after studying a number of international experiences. Developing countries wanting to adopt effective industrial strategies but not knowing where to start will benefit greatly by the ideas and hands-on examples presented by the author. Students of development economics will find a new methodological perspective which can supplement the ongoing industrial policy debate. The book also gives an excellent account of national pride and pragmatism exhibited by officials in East Asia who produced remarkable economic growth, as well as serious effort by an African country to emulate this miracle

Learning to Industrialize

This book proposes a new, pragmatic way of approaching economic development which features policy learning based on a comparison of international best policy practices. While the important role of government in promoting private sector development is being recognized, policy discussion often remains general without details as to what exactly to do and how to avoid common pitfalls. This book fills the gap by showing concrete policy contents, procedures, and organizations adopted in high-performing East Asian economies. Natural resources and foreign aid and investment can take a country to a certain income level, but growth stalls when given advantages are exhausted. Economies will be caught in middle income traps if growth impetus is not internally generated. Meanwhile, countries that have soared to high income introduced mindset, policies, and institutions that encouraged, or even forced, accumulation of human capital – skills, technology, and knowledge. How this can be done systematically is the main topic of policy learning. However, government should not randomly adopt what Singapore or Taiwan did in the past. A continued march to prosperity is possible only when policy makers acquire capability to formulate policy suitable for local context after studying a number of international experiences. Developing countries wanting to adopt effective industrial strategies but not knowing where to start will benefit greatly by the ideas and hands-on examples presented by the author. Students of development economics will find a new methodological perspective which can supplement the ongoing industrial policy debate. The book also gives an excellent account of national pride and pragmatism exhibited by officials in East Asia who produced remarkable economic growth, as well as serious effort by an African country to emulate this miracle. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/doi/view/10.4324/9780203085530 　has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Le Japon: Éclairant le Pays du Soleil Levant

Proceedings & Essays of the 20th Annual Glendon College International Studies Symposium.Actes de Colloque & Dissertations du 20ième Symposium Annuel des Études Internationales du Collège Glendon

Nutrition, Health and Athletic Performance

Optimal nutrition is fundamental for enhancing training, recovery and performance in sport. Therefore, research has aimed to determine the efficacy of appropriate intake of nutrients, fluids, and supplements and their role in exercise performance. The purpose of this Special Issue entitled “Nutrition, Health and Athletic Performance” is to highlight recent research examining aspects of sports nutrition and exercise performance. Manuscript submissions of original research, meta-analyses, or reviews of the scientific literature, which targets nutritional strategies to benefit performance and health, are welcome. Studies performed in humans are preferred given the applied nature of this issue