2,429 research outputs found
Homemade yeast by using tropical fruits through fermentation process
Yeast is one type of bacteria that is used in baking industry and as the crucial parameters to determine the softness of the bread. Many tropical fruits can be used as a medium to produce yeast. The main goal of this study is to produce homemade yeast by different types of fruits. The methods used to produce yeast are fermentation and separation process, where tropical fruits such as the banana, pineapple and raisin were used. The fruits are fermented for seven days, and they are supplied daily with calculated amount of sugar and flour. The yeast produced are then used in making apam, where three parameters are measured which are the volume of apam, the flavour and the aroma of apam. The best tropical fruits to produce yeast, arranged in order are raisin, banana and pineapple. We are unable to study further on the starfruit because it is seasonally unavailable during the research period. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about tropical fruits as homemade yeast. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to homemade yeast
Interfacial adhesion of laser clad functionally graded materials
Specially designed samples of laser clad AlSi40 functionally graded materials (FGM) are made for evaluating the interfacial adhesion. To obtain the interfacial bond strength notches are made right at the interface of the FGMs. In-situ microstructural observations during straining in a field-emission gun environmental scanning electron microscopy reveal different failure modes of the FGMs and substrate. Mapping of strain fields using digital imaging correlation shows a gradual transition of deformation over the interface region and softening effects in the heat-affected zones of the FGM tracks. The strengthening of the FGM is dominated by the size of the Al halos around the particles, in accordance with a dislocation pile-up model.
Microstructure-based modeling of elastic functionally graded materials: One dimensional case
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are two-phase composites with
continuously changing microstructure adapted to performance requirements.
Traditionally, the overall behavior of FGMs has been determined using local
averaging techniques or a given smooth variation of material properties.
Although these models are computationally efficient, their validity and
accuracy remain questionable, since a link with the underlying microstructure
(including its randomness) is not clear. In this paper, we propose a modeling
strategy for the linear elastic analysis of FGMs systematically based on a
realistic microstructural model. The overall response of FGMs is addressed in
the framework of stochastic Hashin-Shtrikman variational principles. To allow
for the analysis of finite bodies, recently introduced discretization schemes
based on the Finite Element Method and the Boundary Element Method are employed
to obtain statistics of local fields. Representative numerical examples are
presented to compare the performance and accuracy of both schemes. To gain
insight into similarities and differences between these methods and to minimize
technicalities, the analysis is performed in the one-dimensional setting.Comment: 33 pages, 14 figure
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SFF-Oriented Modeling and Process Planning of Functionally Graded Materials Using a Novel Equal Distance Offset Approach
This paper deals with the modeling and process planning of solid freeform fabrication
(SFF) of 3D functionally graded materials (FGMs). A novel approach of representation and
process planning of FGMs, termed as equal distance offset (EDO), is developed. In EDO, a
neutral arbitrary 3D CAD model is adaptively sliced into a series of 2D layers. Within each
layer, 2D material gradients are designed and represented via dividing the 2D shape into
several sub-regions enclosed by iso-composition contours. If needed, the material
composition gradient within each of sub-regions can be further determined by applying the
equal distance offset algorithm to each sub-region. Using this approach, an arbitrary-shaped
3D FGM object with linear or non-linear composition gradients can be represented and
fabricated via suitable SFF machines.Mechanical Engineerin
A Supersymmetric SYK-like Tensor Model
We consider a supersymmetric SYK-like model without quenched disorder that is
built by coupling two kinds of fermionic N=1 tensor-valued superfields,
"quarks" and "mesons". We prove that the model has a well-defined large-N limit
in which the (s)quark 2-point functions are dominated by mesonic "melon"
diagrams. We sum these diagrams to obtain the Schwinger-Dyson equations and
show that in the IR, the solution agrees with that of the supersymmetric SYK
model.Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. v2: 3 references and more details of the
computation in section 3.1 are adde
Numerical modelling of functionally graded coatings
Peer reviewedPostprin
Effects of thickness stretching in functionally graded plates and shells
1The present work evaluates the effect of thickness stretching in plate/shell structures made by materials which are functionally graded (FGM) in the thickness directions. That is done by removing or retaining the transverse normal strain in the kinematics assumptions of various refined plate/shell theories. Variable plate/shell models are implemented according to Carrera's Unified Formulation. Plate/shell theories with constant transverse displacement are compared with the corresponding linear to fourth order of expansion in the thickness direction ones. Single-layered and multilayered FGM structures have been analyzed. A large numerical investigation, encompassing various plate/shell geometries as well as various grading rates for FGMs, has been conducted. It is mainly concluded that a refinements of classical theories that include additional in-plane variables could results meaningless unless transverse normal strain effects are taken into account
Elastoplastic stress analysis of functionally graded disc under internal pressureâ complas XII
The study deals with elastoplastic stress analysis of a hollow disk made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to an internal pressure. The material properties of disc are assumed to vary radially according to power law function, but Poissonâs ratio is taken constant. Small deformations and a state of plane stress are presumed, and the analysis of disk is based on Von-Mises yield criterion. The materials are assumed to be linear strain hardening, isotropic and not be affected by temperature. Variation of stresses and displacements according to gradient parameters are investigated by using analytical and finite element method. The results show that gradient parameters have an important role in determining the elastoplastic stress of functionally graded disc
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