Modeling and Link Performance Analysis of Busbar Distribution Systems for Narrowband PLC

Busbar distribution system is used as a modular infrastructure to carry electrical energy in low voltage grid. Due to the widespread usage in industrial areas, the power line communication possibilities should be investigated in terms of smart grid concept. This paper addresses modeling of the busbar distribution system as a transmission line and gives some suggestions on the link performance for narrowband power line communication for the first time in literature. Firstly, S-parameters of different current level busbars were measured up to 500 kHz for all possible two-port signal paths. The utilization of the frequency-dependent model was proposed to extract transmission line characteristics to eliminate the unwanted measurement effects. Particle swarm algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters with a good agreement between measured and simulated S-parameters. Additionally, link performance of busbar distribution system as a power line communication channel at 3 kHz-148.5 kHz band was examined for frequency shift keying and phase shift keying modulations under different network configurations such as varying busbar type, the line length between transmitter and receiver, branch number, and terminating load impedance. Obtained results were presented as bit-error-rate vs. signal to noise ratio graphs

Time domain analysis of switching transient fields in high voltage substations

Switching operations of circuit breakers and disconnect switches generate transient currents propagating along the substation busbars. At the moment of switching, the busbars temporarily acts as antennae radiating transient electromagnetic fields within the substations. The radiated fields may interfere and disrupt normal operations of electronic equipment used within the substation for measurement, control and communication purposes. Hence there is the need to fully characterise the substation electromagnetic environment as early as the design stage of substation planning and operation to ensure safe operations of the electronic equipment. This paper deals with the computation of transient electromagnetic fields due to switching within a high voltage air-insulated substation (AIS) using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) metho

High-Performance Reconfigurable Piezoelectric Resonators and Filters for RF Frontend Applications

A conventional RF frontend module consists of many filters where each filter is allocated for a specific frequency band. These filters are connected through multiplexing switch networks to support multi-band wireless standards. Using an individual filter for each frequency band increases the module size, power consumption and cost. Therefore, implementation of reconfigurable filters that can operate at different frequency bands while maintaining key RF performance requirements such as low insertion loss, good linearity and power handling is necessary for manufacturing of future RF frontends. Acoustic wave resonators based on piezoelectric devices such as Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) and Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) are the most commonly used technologies to manufacture filters for RF applications. The objective of the research described in this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of tunable filter solutions using piezoelectric SAW resonators. A tunable SAW technology which can maintain required performance parameters and can be commercially manufactured will constitute a technological breakthrough in wireless communications. Thin-Film Piezoelectric on Substrate (TPoS) resonators, based on Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric material which are fabricated using commercially available Silicon on Insulator (SOI) PiezoMUMPs process, have been demonstrated. By combining the superior acoustic properties of AlN and single crystalline silicon substrate, this class of resonators achieves ultra-high quality factor (Q) values in excess of 3600. A 3-pole bandpass filter using direct electrical coupling between the resonators has been presented and we have studied the performance of the fabricated filter over a temperature range from -196ºC up to +120ºC and under high power. For the first time, we have demonstrated the integration of switching elements, based on Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) phase change material, with Incredible-High-Performance SAW (IHP-SAW) technology which allows us to design and implement switchable and reconfigurable SAW resonators and filters for wireless applications. Switchable multi-band filters using VO2 switches strategically imbedded within the resonators of the filter have been demonstrated. A switchable dual-band filter with four switching states and two channels was presented using hybrid integration approach where discrete VO2 switches were fabricated separately and then integrated with the SAW resonators and filters using wire bonds. The fabricated 5-pole dual-band filter demonstrated good insertion loss in both transmission states but had inadequate performance in terms of isolation between the channels due to the limitations of the hybrid integration approach. Moreover, hybrid integration does not allow us to use more than a few switching elements and cannot be used for the implementation of higher order filters. To address these issues, we have demonstrated the monolithic integration of VO2 switches using an in-house fabrication process that allows us to fabricate VO2 switches and SAW resonators and filters on a single chip. A dual-band switchable higher order 7-pole filter with six monolithically integrated VO2 switches, three for each channel, was demonstrated. The monolithic integration allows the single-chip implementation of the proposed switchable dual-band filter with improved performance along with significant size reduction and ease of manufacturing, paving the path for commercialization of this technology. Novel reconfigurable SAW resonators and filters with tunable center frequency were also presented for the first time. Tuning of the center frequency between two different states was achieved by changing the configuration of interdigitated electrodes within the SAW resonator and by using a set of tuning electrodes and VO2 switches. In the first implementation, the VO2 switches were integrated over the electrodes and inside the active area of the SAW resonator. Each resonator consists of hundreds of tuning electrodes and for a reliable switching each resonator requires a number of heater elements which results in increased DC power consumption and total size. A second reconfigurable resonator with a modified structure and using a modified in-house fabrication process to include a second electrode layer was proposed to reduce the number of required VO2 switching elements for an even more compact implementation and ten times reduction in the required DC power consumption. Design, implementation, and measurement results for a 3-pole tunable SAW filter based on the proposed reconfigurable resonators have been presented. The filter’s center frequency is tuned from 733 MHz to 713 MHz while the insertion loss was maintained below 2.5 dB. The fabricated SAW resonators and filters also showed acceptable linear and high-power performance characteristics. This is the first time a single-chip implementation of a reconfigurable SAW filter with center frequency tuning and acceptable RF performance using monolithically integrated VO2 switches is ever reported. The single-chip implementation of the proposed SAW resonators and filters enables the development of future low-cost RF multi-band transceivers with improved performance and functionality

Machine layout and performance

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC

Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)

Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression

High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical Design Report

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 9000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its instantaneous luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total number of collisions) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require new infrastructures (underground and on surface) and over a decade to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), relies on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11–12 Tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 100 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation, all of which required several years of dedicated R&D effort on a global international level. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of the HL-LHC

Proceedings EMV Kongress 2022 : Internationale Fachmesse und Kongress für Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit

Proceedings der EMV 202

CEPC Technical Design Report -- Accelerator (v2)

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China, fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners. The complex comprises four accelerators: a 30 GeV Linac, a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring, a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV, and a Collider operating at varying energy modes (Z, W, H, and ttbar). The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface, while the Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel, strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC). The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory. In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation (SR) power of 30 MW per beam, it can achieve a luminosity of 5e34 /cm^2/s^1, resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 /ab for two interaction points over a decade, producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons. Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons, facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels, exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude. This Technical Design Report (TDR) follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report (Pre-CDR, 2015) and the Conceptual Design Report (CDR, 2018), comprehensively detailing the machine's layout and performance, physical design and analysis, technical systems design, R&D and prototyping efforts, and associated civil engineering aspects. Additionally, it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline, establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures. Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028, pending government approval, with an estimated duration of 8 years. The commencement of experiments could potentially initiate in the mid-2030s.Comment: 1106 page

Engineering Education and Research Using MATLAB

MATLAB is a software package used primarily in the field of engineering for signal processing, numerical data analysis, modeling, programming, simulation, and computer graphic visualization. In the last few years, it has become widely accepted as an efficient tool, and, therefore, its use has significantly increased in scientific communities and academic institutions. This book consists of 20 chapters presenting research works using MATLAB tools. Chapters include techniques for programming and developing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), dynamic systems, electric machines, signal and image processing, power electronics, mixed signal circuits, genetic programming, digital watermarking, control systems, time-series regression modeling, and artificial neural networks

WOFEX 2021 : 19th annual workshop, Ostrava, 1th September 2021 : proceedings of papers

The workshop WOFEX 2021 (PhD workshop of Faculty of Electrical Engineer-ing and Computer Science) was held on September 1st September 2021 at the VSB – Technical University of Ostrava. The workshop offers an opportunity for students to meet and share their research experiences, to discover commonalities in research and studentship, and to foster a collaborative environment for joint problem solving. PhD students are encouraged to attend in order to ensure a broad, unconfined discussion. In that view, this workshop is intended for students and researchers of this faculty offering opportunities to meet new colleagues.Ostrav