Emerg Infect Dis

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2022 program committee (http://www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. ICEID is organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Task Force for Global Health, Inc.Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Suggested citation: Authors. Title [abstract]. International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022 poster and oral presentation abstracts. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/pdfs/ICEID2022.pdf2022PMC94238981187

Social marketing and public health

The public health field exists to safeguard the general public from health risks by controlling risk factors, classically through immunization programmes that prevent or control epidemics, or through actions such as monitoring the quality of drinking water. In our post-industrialised society, risk factors other than the environment, such as diet, exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, have grown in importance. The policy response to the growing demand upon healthcare services arising from chronic diseases caused by changing lifestyle factors has taking different forms, and these include targeting vulnerable groups using health promoting campaigns. This thesis addresses some of the challenges and opportunities in public health campaigns and healthcare planning that arise from the growing repositories of data that can be made available for targeting at the individual and small area level in a public health setting. The first part sets the scene by describing the concepts of health, public health and social marketing. The intention is to pave the way for broader discussions – in the progress of the thesis – about healthcare planning, population health, and social processes in the light of targeted public health interventions. Part two addresses the problems and possible solutions to a number issues in healthcare planning, starting with studies at the individual, then moving to organisations and ending with area classifications. The thesis draws on a number of case studies for targeting in a public health context including frequent accident and emergency users, teenage users of abortion services, women’s breast screening uptake, GP registration, and the neighbourhood characteristics of chronic disease patients. Finally, part three provides a synopsis of both context (part one), results (part two) and future perspectives on how routinely collected healthcare data can be used to create evidence for the planning of new cost-effective interventions

Usability analysis of contending electronic health record systems

In this paper, we report measured usability of two leading EHR systems during procurement. A total of 18 users participated in paired-usability testing of three scenarios: ordering and managing medications by an outpatient physician, medicine administration by an inpatient nurse and scheduling of appointments by nursing staff. Data for audio, screen capture, satisfaction rating, task success and errors made was collected during testing. We found a clear difference between the systems for percentage of successfully completed tasks, two different satisfaction measures and perceived learnability when looking at the results over all scenarios. We conclude that usability should be evaluated during procurement and the difference in usability between systems could be revealed even with fewer measures than were used in our study. © 2019 American Psychological Association Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Towards the elimination of chronic viral hepatitis in Europe : prevalence, risk groups and screening strategies

This thesis aims to contribute strategic information towards the elimination of chronic viral hepatitis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Many EU/EEA countries have successfully controlled the transmission of HBV/HCV and the incidence of new infections is declining. This declining incidence exists alongside a projected increase in mortality due to disease progression and ageing among the infected population. This dichotomy presents a public health challenge to countries: how to identify and retain in care people with a chronic viral hepatitis infection. This thesis is focused around the first three strategic pillars of the World Health Organisation’s 2016 elimination strategy: the who and where; the what; and the how. There are two broad aims: 1. To understand the epidemiology of chronic viral hepatitis in the general population and among risk groups in the EU/EEA

Primary care management of risk of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes

This thesis aims to inform strategies to improve care for mothers after a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes (GD) in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after delivery. Through a systematic review (including 129 studies of 310,214 women with GD, Study 1) and study-level meta-regression, I highlighted that a third of women developed T2D within 15 years of GD a pregnancy. Progression was higher in non-White European populations compared to other populations, and in those with higher BMI at follow-up. These findings emphasised the need for both sustained follow-up after GD through screening, and interventions to reduce modifiable risk factors. Currently, screening for T2D is recommended at six to 13 weeks after a GD pregnancy, then subsequently at regular intervals. Consistent with other studies, I identified that 25.4% patients (n=556) did not undergo a postpartum test at a local hospital between 2014 and 2017 (Study 2). It is also known that many mothers find it challenging to maintain a healthy lifestyle after a GD pregnancy, and do not make changes to their diet or activity levels to reduce their risk. To explore reasons for this, I conducted two qualitative systematic reviews and developed 30 recommendations to promote screening attendance, healthy diet and physical activity based on the findings (Studies 3 and 4). I then elicited an evaluation of these recommendations from 20 mothers with previous GD (Study 5), in addition to their own ideas for improving postpartum support. Lifestyle advice amid a busy schedule and tips for sustaining changes, along with flexibility in screening appointments and invitations, were welcomed. I have highlighted that women with GD are an easily-identifiable group at high risk of T2D, and there is a need for interventions to manage this risk. I have provided evidence to support and inform such interventions during pregnancy and postpartum, which could include feasible adaptation to current practice, to improve care.This project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research (SPCR; SPCR-S-S102). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care