2,476 research outputs found
IETF standardization in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT): a survey
Smart embedded objects will become an important part of what is called the Internet of Things. However, the integration of embedded devices into the Internet introduces several challenges, since many of the existing Internet technologies and protocols were not designed for this class of devices. In the past few years, there have been many efforts to enable the extension of Internet technologies to constrained devices. Initially, this resulted in proprietary protocols and architectures. Later, the integration of constrained devices into the Internet was embraced by IETF, moving towards standardized IP-based protocols. In this paper, we will briefly review the history of integrating constrained devices into the Internet, followed by an extensive overview of IETF standardization work in the 6LoWPAN, ROLL and CoRE working groups. This is complemented with a broad overview of related research results that illustrate how this work can be extended or used to tackle other problems and with a discussion on open issues and challenges. As such the aim of this paper is twofold: apart from giving readers solid insights in IETF standardization work on the Internet of Things, it also aims to encourage readers to further explore the world of Internet-connected objects, pointing to future research opportunities
Scenarios for the development of smart grids in the UK: literature review
Smart grids are expected to play a central role in any transition to a low-carbon energy future, and much research is currently underway on practically every area of smart grids. However, it is evident that even basic aspects such as theoretical and operational definitions, are yet to be agreed upon and be clearly defined. Some aspects (efficient management of supply, including intermittent supply, two-way communication between the producer and user of electricity, use of IT technology to respond to and manage demand, and ensuring safe and secure electricity distribution) are more commonly accepted than others (such as smart meters) in defining what comprises a smart grid.
It is clear that smart grid developments enjoy political and financial support both at UK and EU levels, and from the majority of related industries. The reasons for this vary and include the hope that smart grids will facilitate the achievement of carbon reduction targets, create new employment opportunities, and reduce costs relevant to energy generation (fewer power stations) and distribution (fewer losses and better stability). However, smart grid development depends on additional factors, beyond the energy industry. These relate to issues of public acceptability of relevant technologies and associated risks (e.g. data safety, privacy, cyber security), pricing, competition, and regulation; implying the involvement of a wide range of players such as the industry, regulators and consumers.
The above constitute a complex set of variables and actors, and interactions between them. In order to best explore ways of possible deployment of smart grids, the use of scenarios is most adequate, as they can incorporate several parameters and variables into a coherent storyline. Scenarios have been previously used in the context of smart grids, but have traditionally focused on factors such as economic growth or policy evolution. Important additional socio-technical aspects of smart grids emerge from the literature review in this report and therefore need to be incorporated in our scenarios. These can be grouped into four (interlinked) main categories: supply side aspects, demand side aspects, policy and regulation, and technical aspects.
Interoperabilidade e mobilidade na internet do futuro
Research on Future Internet has been gaining traction in recent years,
with both evolutionary (e.g., Software Defined Networking (SDN)-
based architectures) and clean-slate network architectures (e.g., Information
Centric Networking (ICN) architectures) being proposed. With
each network architectural proposal aiming to provide better solutions
for specific Internet utilization requirements, an heterogeneous Future
Internet composed by several architectures can be expected, each targeting
and optimizing different use case scenarios. Moreover, the increasing
number of mobile devices, with increasing capabilities and
supporting different connectivity technologies, are changing the patterns
of traffic exchanged in the Internet.
As such, this thesis focuses on the study of interoperability and mobility
in Future Internet architectures, two key requirements that need to be
addressed for the widely adoption of these network architectures. The
first contribution of this thesis is an interoperability framework that,
by enabling resources to be shared among different network architectures,
avoids resources to be restricted to a given network architecture
and, at the same time, promotes the initial roll out of new network
architectures. The second contribution of this thesis consists on the
development of enhancements for SDN-based and ICN network architectures
through IEEE 802.21 mechanisms to facilitate and optimize
the handover procedures on those architectures. The last contribution
of this thesis is the definition of an inter-network architecture mobility
framework that enables MNs to move across access network supporting
different network architectures without losing the reachability to
resources being accessed. All the proposed solutions were evaluated
with results highlighting the feasibility of such solutions and the impact
on the overall communication.A Internet do Futuro tem sido alvo de vários estudos nos últimos anos,
com a proposta de arquitecturas de rede seguindo quer abordagens
evolutionárias (por exemplo, Redes Definidas por Software (SDN))
quer abordagens disruptivas (por exemplo, Redes Centradas na Informação (ICN)). Cada uma destas arquitecturas de rede visa providenciar
melhores soluções relativamente a determinados requisitos de
utilização da Internet e, portanto, uma Internet do Futuro heterogénea
composta por diversas arquitecturas de rede torna-se uma possibilidade,
onde cada uma delas é usada para optimizar diferentes casos
de utilização. Para além disso, o aumento do número de dispositivos
móveis, com especificações acrescidas e com suporte para diferentes
tecnologias de conectividade, está a mudar os padrões do tráfego na
Internet.
Assim, esta tese foca-se no estudo de aspectos de interoperabilidade e
mobilidade em arquitecturas de rede da Internet do Futuro, dois importantes
requisitos que necessitam de ser satisfeitos para que a adopção
destas arquitecturas de rede seja considerada. A primeira contribuição
desta tese é uma solução de interoperabilidade que, uma vez que permite
que recursos possam ser partilhados por diferentes arquitecturas
de rede, evita que os recursos estejam restringidos a uma determinada
arquitectura de rede e, ao mesmo tempo, promove a adopção de novas
arquitecturas de rede. A segunda contribuição desta tese consiste
no desenvolvimento de extensões para arquitecturas de rede baseadas
em SDN ou ICN através dos mecanismos propostos na norma IEEE
802.21 com o objectivo de facilitar e optimizar os processos de mobilidade
nessas arquitecturas de rede. Finalmente, a terceira contribuição
desta tese é a definição de uma solução de mobilidade envolvendo diferentes
arquitecturas de rede que permite a mobilidade de dispositivos
móveis entre redes de acesso que suportam diferentes arquitecturas de
rede sem que estes percam o acesso aos recursos que estão a ser acedidos.
Todas as soluções propostas foram avaliadas com os resultados
a demonstrar a viabilidade de cada uma das soluções e o impacto que
têm na comunicação.Programa Doutoral em Informátic
Incrementando as redes centradas à informaçãopara uma internet das coisas baseada em nomes
The way we use the Internet has been evolving since its origins. Nowadays,
users are more interested in accessing contents and services with high demands
in terms of bandwidth, security and mobility. This evolution has triggered
the emergence of novel networking architectures targeting current, as
well as future, utilisation demands. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a
prominent example of these novel architectures that moves away from the current
host-centric communications and centres its networking functions around
content.
Parallel to this, new utilisation scenarios in which smart devices interact with
one another, as well as with other networked elements, have emerged to constitute
what we know as the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is expected to have
a significant impact on both the economy and society. However, fostering the
widespread adoption of IoT requires many challenges to be overcome. Despite
recent developments, several issues concerning the deployment of IPbased
IoT solutions on a large scale are still open.
The fact that IoT is focused on data and information rather than on point-topoint
communications suggests the adoption of solutions relying on ICN architectures.
In this context, this work explores the ground concepts of ICN
to develop a comprehensive vision of the principal requirements that should
be met by an IoT-oriented ICN architecture. This vision is complemented with
solutions to fundamental issues for the adoption of an ICN-based IoT. First,
to ensure the freshness of the information while retaining the advantages of
ICN’s in-network caching mechanisms. Second, to enable discovery functionalities
in both local and large-scale domains. The proposed mechanisms are
evaluated through both simulation and prototyping approaches, with results
showcasing the feasibility of their adoption. Moreover, the outcomes of this
work contribute to the development of new compelling concepts towards a
full-fledged Named Network of Things.A forma como usamos a Internet tem vindo a evoluir desde a sua criação.
Atualmente, os utilizadores estão mais interessados em aceder a conteúdos
e serviços, com elevados requisitos em termos de largura de banda, segurança
e mobilidade. Esta evolução desencadeou o desenvolvimento de novas
arquiteturas de rede, visando os atuais, bem como os futuros, requisitos de
utilização. As Redes Centradas à Informação (Information-Centric Networking
- ICN) são um exemplo proeminente destas novas arquiteturas que, em vez
de seguirem um modelo de comunicação centrado nos dispositivos terminais,
centram as suas funções de rede em torno do próprio conteúdo.
Paralelamente, novos cenários de utilização onde dispositivos inteligentes interagem
entre si, e com outros elementos de rede, têm vindo a aparecer e
constituem o que hoje conhecemos como a Internet das Coisas (Internet of
Things - IoT ). É esperado que a IoT tenha um impacto significativo na economia
e na sociedade. No entanto, promover a adoção em massa da IoT ainda
requer que muitos desafios sejam superados. Apesar dos desenvolvimentos
recentes, vários problemas relacionados com a adoção em larga escala de
soluções de IoT baseadas no protocolo IP estão em aberto.
O facto da IoT estar focada em dados e informação, em vez de comunicações
ponto-a-ponto, sugere a adoção de soluções baseadas em arquiteturas
ICN. Neste sentido, este trabalho explora os conceitos base destas soluções
para desenvolver uma visão completa dos principais requisitos que devem ser
satisfeitos por uma solução IoT baseada na arquitetura de rede ICN. Esta visão
é complementada com soluções para problemas cruciais para a adoção
de uma IoT baseada em ICN. Em primeiro lugar, assegurar que a informação
seja atualizada e, ao mesmo tempo, manter as vantagens do armazenamento
intrínseco em elementos de rede das arquiteturas ICN. Em segundo lugar,
permitir as funcionalidades de descoberta não só em domínios locais, mas
também em domínios de larga-escala. Os mecanismos propostos são avaliados
através de simulações e prototipagem, com os resultados a demonstrarem
a viabilidade da sua adoção. Para além disso, os resultados deste
trabalho contribuem para o desenvolvimento de conceitos sólidos em direção
a uma verdadeira Internet das Coisas baseada em Nomes.Programa Doutoral em Telecomunicaçõe
IoT Middleware Platforms for Smart Energy Systems: An Empirical Expert Survey
Middleware platforms are key technology in any Internet of Things (IoT) system, considering their role in managing the intermediary communications between devices and applications. In the energy sector, it has been shown that IoT devices enable the integration of all network assets to one large distributed system. This comes with significant benefits, such as improving energy efficiency, boosting the generation of renewable energy, reducing maintenance costs and increasing comfort. Various existing IoT middlware solutions encounter several problems that limit their performance, such as vendor locks. Hence, this paper presents a literature review and an expert survey on IoT middleware platforms in energy systems, in order to provide a set of tools and functionalities to be supported by any future efficient, flexible and interoperable IoT middleware considering the market needs. The analysis of the results shows that experts currently use the IoT middleware mainly to deploy services such as visualization, monitoring and benchmarking of energy consumption, and energy optimization is considered as a future application to target. Likewise, non-functional requirements, such as security and privacy, play vital roles in the IoT platforms’ performances
DRIVER Technology Watch Report
This report is part of the Discovery Workpackage (WP4) and is the third report out of four deliverables. The objective of this report is to give an overview of the latest technical developments in the world of digital repositories, digital libraries and beyond, in order to serve as theoretical and practical input for the technical DRIVER developments, especially those focused on enhanced publications. This report consists of two main parts, one part focuses on interoperability standards for enhanced publications, the other part consists of three subchapters, which give a landscape picture of current and surfacing technologies and communities crucial to DRIVER. These three subchapters contain the GRID, CRIS and LTP communities and technologies. Every chapter contains a theoretical explanation, followed by case studies and the outcomes and opportunities for DRIVER in this field
IETF standardization in the field of the internet of things (IoT): a survey
Smart embedded objects will become an important part of what is called the Internet of Things. However, the integration of embedded devices into the Internet introduces several challenges, since many of the existing Internet technologies and protocols were not designed for this class of devices. In the past few years, there have been many efforts to enable the extension of Internet technologies to constrained devices. Initially, this resulted in proprietary protocols and architectures. Later, the integration of constrained devices into the Internet was embraced by IETF, moving towards standardized IP-based protocols. In this paper, we will briefly review the history of integrating constrained devices into the Internet, followed by an extensive overview of IETF standardization work in the 6LoWPAN, ROLL and CoRE working groups. This is complemented with a broad overview of related research results that illustrate how this work can be extended or used to tackle other problems and with a discussion on open issues and challenges. As such the aim of this paper is twofold: apart from giving readers solid insights in IETF standardization work on the Internet of Things, it also aims to encourage readers to further explore the world of Internet-connected objects, pointing to future research opportunities.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 258885 (SPITFIRE project), from the iMinds ICON projects GreenWeCan and O’CareCloudS, a FWO postdoc grant for Eli De Poorter and a VLIR PhD scholarship to Isam Ishaq
Scenarios for the development of smart grids in the UK : literature review
No abstractUK Energy Research Centr
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