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Exploring the democratic potential of online social networking: The scope and limitations of e-participation
Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Information Systems.The availability and promise of social networking technologies with their perceived open philosophy has increasingly inspired citizens around the world to participate in political activity on the Web. Recent examples range from opposing public policies, such as government funding cuts, to organizing revolutionary social movements, such as those in the Middle East and North Africa. Although online spaces create remarkable opportunities for various forms of political action, there are concerns over the power of existing institutions to control and even censor such interaction spaces. The objective of this article is to draw together different insights on the online engagement phenomenon, highlighting both its potential and limitations as a mechanism for fostering democratic debate and influencing policy making. We examine recent examples from Europe, the Middle East and Latin America. Finally, we summarize the implications of our work and outline directions for further research
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Argumentation-based design rationale - the sharpest tools in the box
In this paper the three main argumentation-based design rationale methodologies - IBIS, QOC and DRL â will be discussed with illustrations of particular points drawn from a working example. The areas of scope, expressiveness in terms of design space and argumentation representation and the resulting usability by human and computer will be examined. Particular attention is paid to how the development of the artifact is being controlled by the evaluation of intentions and objectives that allow consistent goals throughout the design to be formulated, evaluated and modified. Furthermore, decision making within an argumentative context is highlighted
How did the discussion go: Discourse act classification in social media conversations
We propose a novel attention based hierarchical LSTM model to classify
discourse act sequences in social media conversations, aimed at mining data
from online discussion using textual meanings beyond sentence level. The very
uniqueness of the task is the complete categorization of possible pragmatic
roles in informal textual discussions, contrary to extraction of
question-answers, stance detection or sarcasm identification which are very
much role specific tasks. Early attempt was made on a Reddit discussion
dataset. We train our model on the same data, and present test results on two
different datasets, one from Reddit and one from Facebook. Our proposed model
outperformed the previous one in terms of domain independence; without using
platform-dependent structural features, our hierarchical LSTM with word
relevance attention mechanism achieved F1-scores of 71\% and 66\% respectively
to predict discourse roles of comments in Reddit and Facebook discussions.
Efficiency of recurrent and convolutional architectures in order to learn
discursive representation on the same task has been presented and analyzed,
with different word and comment embedding schemes. Our attention mechanism
enables us to inquire into relevance ordering of text segments according to
their roles in discourse. We present a human annotator experiment to unveil
important observations about modeling and data annotation. Equipped with our
text-based discourse identification model, we inquire into how heterogeneous
non-textual features like location, time, leaning of information etc. play
their roles in charaterizing online discussions on Facebook
A study on battery model parametrisation problem: application-oriented trade-offs between accuracy and simplicity
This study is focused on fast low-fidelity battery modelling for online applications. Because the battery parameters change due to variations of batteryâs states, the model may need to be updated during operation. This can be achieved through the use of an online parameter identification technique, making use of online current-voltage measurements. The parametrisation algorithmâs speed is a crucial issue in such applications. This paper describes a study exploring the trade-offs between speed and accuracy, considering equivalent circuit models with different levels of complexity and different parameter-fitting algorithms. A visual investigation of the battery parametrisation problem is also proposed by obtaining battery model identification surfaces which help us to avoid unnecessary complexities. Three standard fitting algorithms are used to parametrise battery models using current-voltage measurements. For each level of complexity, the algorithms performances are evaluated using experimental data from a small NiMH battery pack. An application-oriented view on this trade-offs is discussed which demonstrates that the final target of the battery parametrisation problem can significantly affect the choice of the fitting algorithm and battery model structur
Obvious: a meta-toolkit to encapsulate information visualization toolkits. One toolkit to bind them all
This article describes âObviousâ: a meta-toolkit that abstracts and encapsulates information visualization toolkits implemented in the Java language. It intends to unify their use and postpone the choice of which concrete toolkit(s) to use later-on in the development of visual analytics applications. We also report on the lessons we have learned when wrapping popular toolkits with Obvious, namely Prefuse, the InfoVis Toolkit, partly Improvise, JUNG and other data management libraries. We show several examples on the uses of Obvious, how the different toolkits can be combined, for instance sharing their data models. We also show how Weka and RapidMiner, two popular machine-learning toolkits, have been wrapped with Obvious and can be used directly with all the other wrapped toolkits. We expect Obvious to start a co-evolution process: Obvious is meant to evolve when more components of Information Visualization systems will become consensual. It is also designed to help information visualization systems adhere to the best practices to provide a higher level of interoperability and leverage the domain of visual analytics
Social media and self-curatorship : Reflections on identity and pedagogy through blogging on a masters module
El uso de los medios sociales se ha extendido notablemente y se considera ya como una oportunidad Ășnica para el diseño de entornos innovadores de aprendizaje, donde los estudiantes se conviertan en protagonistas de experiencias de multialfabetizaciĂłn participativas y entre iguales. El trabajo cuestiona la conexiĂłn entre los usos sociales de los nuevos medios y las prĂĄcticas educativas relevantes, y propone marcos teĂłricos mĂĄs rigurosos que puedan orientar en futuras investigaciones sobre el papel de los medios sociales en la educaciĂłn. El trabajo reflexiona sobre el estudio de caso llevado a cabo en un grupo de alumnos en un mĂłdulo on-line como parte de un programa de mĂĄster sobre medios de comunicaciĂłn, cultura y comunicaciĂłn. Se invitĂł a los estudiantes a desenvolverse en estrategias de evaluaciĂłn mĂĄs allĂĄ de las convencionales, con el fin de teorizar y reflexionar sobre sus experiencias con los medios sociales como soporte y materia del curso. El artĂculo analiza la experiencia de los estudiantes evaluados en el conjunto del proyecto. Durante la exposiciĂłn de resultados, los autores situaron los argumentos en el contexto del debate sobre las nuevas alfabetizaciones, la pedagogĂa y los medios sociales, asĂ como en el marco de la teorĂa emergente de la autogestiĂłn del individuo en estos contextos, como marco metafĂłrico para comprender la producciĂłn y la representaciĂłn de la identidad en los medios digitales.The widespread uses of social media have been celebrated as a unique opportunity to redesign innovative learning environments that position students at the center of a participatory, multiliteracy and peer learning experience. This article problemitizes the connection between the social uses of new media and relevant educational practices and proposes more rigorous theoretical frames that can be used to guide future research into the role of social media in education. This article reports on a case study of a small group of students who use an online module to study media, culture and communication as part of a wider masterâs programme. The students were invited to reflect in a more reflexive and theoretical manner than is commonly used in a standard course evaluation about their experiences of engaging with social media as both the medium and the subject of the course. The article discusses the student experience as it unfolded in the context of an assessed piece of project work. In discussing the findings the authors locate the arguments in the context of debates about new literacies, pedagogy and social media as well as in an emergent theory of self-curatorship as a metaphorical frame for understanding the production and representation of identity in digital media
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