1,163 research outputs found
Transformative learning relationships and the adult educatorβs countertransference: a Jungian arts-based duoethnography
Transformative learning theory developed from Jack Mezirowβs seminal work on perspective transformation, is a predominant paradigm within adult education scholarship. Recent developments include Jungian perspectives in transformative learning that challenge the dominance of Mezirowβs rational conceptualisation and the exclusion of non-rational and unconscious aspects of learning. Whilst Jungian contributors elevate the role of the unconscious in transformative learning theory, scant attention is paid to the unconscious dynamics between educator and adult learner set within an intersubjective matrix. What is absent is any mention that feelings stirred up in the process of transformative learning might belong within a reciprocal relationship. Jung, who is arguably the pioneer of countertransference, offers a definite point of view about the importance of the subjective responses of the analyst and his/her ability to be influenced and impacted by the client. If the analyst is to transform others, then the analyst needs to be transformed. This relationship of mutual transformation is reconceptualised as a transformative learning relationship. A transformative learning relationship provides an intersubjective frame for exploring countertransferences and the emotional experience of the adult educator. The devised research method of collaborative imaginative engagement is an innovative post-Jungian extension of Jungβs method of active imagination, that involves two adult educators making and working with images of countertransference. The findings are presented as an arts-based duoethnographic portrayal of a co- individuation process between two adult educators. This duoethnographic process of co-individuation prototypes transformative reciprocity within the educator/learner relationship. This research addresses the imbalance or βone sidednessβ within transformative learning theory, that overlooks the educatorβs subjective and intersubjective experience in favour of the learnerβs experience. In doing so, the research contributes a more holistic and collaborative understanding of transformative learning that shows how both learner and educator can be inextricably bound together through a process of mutual transformation
Language Design for Reactive Systems: On Modal Models, Time, and Object Orientation in Lingua Franca and SCCharts
Reactive systems play a crucial role in the embedded domain. They continuously interact with their environment, handle concurrent operations, and are commonly expected to provide deterministic behavior to enable application in safety-critical systems. In this context, language design is a key aspect, since carefully tailored language constructs can aid in addressing the challenges faced in this domain, as illustrated by the various concurrency models that prevent the known pitfalls of regular threads. Today, many languages exist in this domain and often provide unique characteristics that make them specifically fit for certain use cases. This thesis evolves around two distinctive languages: the actor-oriented polyglot coordination language Lingua Franca and the synchronous statecharts dialect SCCharts. While they take different approaches in providing reactive modeling capabilities, they share clear similarities in their semantics and complement each other in design principles. This thesis analyzes and compares key design aspects in the context of these two languages. For three particularly relevant concepts, it provides and evaluates lean and seamless language extensions that are carefully aligned with the fundamental principles of the underlying language. Specifically, Lingua Franca is extended toward coordinating modal behavior, while SCCharts receives a timed automaton notation with an efficient execution model using dynamic ticks and an extension toward the object-oriented modeling paradigm
Pristup specifikaciji i generisanju proizvodnih procesa zasnovan na inΕΎenjerstvu voΔenom modelima
In this thesis, we present an approach to the production process specification and generation based on the model-driven paradigm, with the goal to increase the flexibility of factories and respond to the challenges that emerged in the era of Industry 4.0 more efficiently. To formally specify production processes and their variations in the Industry 4.0 environment, we created a novel domain-specific modeling language, whose models are machine-readable. The created language can be used to model production processes that can be independent of any production system, enabling process models to be used in different production systems, and process models used for the specific production system. To automatically transform production process models dependent on the specific production system into instructions that are to be executed by production system resources, we created an instruction generator. Also, we created generators for different manufacturing documentation, which automatically transform production process models into manufacturing documents of different types. The proposed approach, domain-specific modeling language, and software solution contribute to introducing factories into the digital transformation process. As factories must rapidly adapt to new products and their variations in the era of Industry 4.0, production must be dynamically led and instructions must be automatically sent to factory resources, depending on products that are to be created on the shop floor. The proposed approach contributes to the creation of such a dynamic environment in contemporary factories, as it allows to automatically generate instructions from process models and send them to resources for execution. Additionally, as there are numerous different products and their variations, keeping the required manufacturing documentation up to date becomes challenging, which can be done automatically by using the proposed approach and thus significantly lower process designers' time.Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°, Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ 4.0. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ 4.0, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ 4.0 ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ·ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π’ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.U ovoj disertaciji predstavljen je pristup specifikaciji i generisanju proizvodnih procesa zasnovan na inΕΎenjerstvu voΔenom modelima, u cilju poveΔanja fleksibilnosti postrojenja u fabrikama i efikasnijeg razreΕ‘avanja izazova koji se pojavljuju u eri Industrije 4.0. Za potrebe formalne specifikacije proizvodnih procesa i njihovih varijacija u ambijentu Industrije 4.0, kreiran je novi namenski jezik, Δije modele raΔunar moΕΎe da obradi na automatizovan naΔin. Kreirani jezik ima moguΔnost modelovanja proizvodnih procesa koji mogu biti nezavisni od proizvodnih sistema i time upotrebljeni u razliΔitim postrojenjima ili fabrikama, ali i proizvodnih procesa koji su specifiΔni za odreΔeni sistem. Kako bi modele proizvodnih procesa zavisnih od konkretnog proizvodnog sistema bilo moguΔe na automatizovan naΔin transformisati u instrukcije koje resursi proizvodnog sistema izvrΕ‘avaju, kreiran je generator instrukcija. TakoΔe su kreirani i generatori tehniΔke dokumentacije, koji na automatizovan naΔin transformiΕ‘u modele proizvodnih procesa u dokumente razliΔitih tipova. Upotrebom predloΕΎenog pristupa, namenskog jezika i softverskog reΕ‘enja doprinosi se uvoΔenju fabrika u proces digitalne transformacije. Kako fabrike u eri Industrije 4.0 moraju brzo da se prilagode novim proizvodima i njihovim varijacijama, neophodno je dinamiΔki voditi proizvodnju i na automatizovan naΔin slati instrukcije resursima u fabrici, u zavisnosti od proizvoda koji se kreiraju u konkretnom postrojenju. Time Ε‘to je u predloΕΎenom pristupu moguΔe iz modela procesa automatizovano generisati instrukcije i poslati ih resursima, doprinosi se kreiranju jednog dinamiΔkog okruΕΎenja u savremenim fabrikama. Dodatno, usled velikog broja razliΔitih proizvoda i njihovih varijacija, postaje izazovno odrΕΎavati neophodnu tehniΔku dokumentaciju, Ε‘to je u predloΕΎenom pristupu moguΔe uraditi na automatizovan naΔin i time znaΔajno uΕ‘tedeti vreme projektanata procesa
A Model Based Framework for IoT-Aware Business Process Management
IoT-aware Business Processes (BPs) that exchange data with Internet of Things (IoT) devices, briefly referred to as IoT-aware BPs, are gaining momentum in the BPM field. Introducing IoT technologies from the early stages of the BP development process requires dealing with the complexity and heterogeneity of such technologies at design and analysis time. This paper analyzes widely used IoT frameworks and ontologies to introduce a BPMN extension that improves the expressiveness of relevant BP modeling notations and allows an appropriate representation of IoT devices from both an architectural and a behavioral perspective. In the BP management field, the use of simulation-based approaches is recognized as an effective technology for analyzing BPs. Simulation models need to be parameterized according to relevant properties of the process under study. Unfortunately, such parameters may change during the process operational life, thus making the simulation model invalid with respect to the actual process behavior. To ease the analysis of IoT-aware BPs, this paper introduces a model-driven method for the automated development of digital twins of actual business processes. The proposed method also exploits data retrieved by IoT sensors to automatically reconfigure the simulation model, to make the digital twin continuously coherent and compliant with its actual counterpart
Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, \u3ci\u3eExophiala viscosa\u3c/i\u3e, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
Black yeasts are polyextremotolerant fungi that contain high amounts of melanin in their cell wall and maintain a primar yeast form. These fungi grow in xeric, nutrient depletes environments which implies that they require highly flexible metabolisms and have been suggested to contain the ability to form lichen-like mutualisms with nearby algae and bacteria. However, the exact ecological niche and interactions between these fungi and their surrounding community are not well understood. We have isolated 2 novel black yeasts from the genus Exophiala that were recovered from dryland biological soil crusts. Despite notable differences in colony and cellular morphology, both fungi appear to be members of the same species, which has been named Exophiala viscosa (i.e. E. viscosa JF 03-3 Goopy and E. viscosa JF 03-4F Slimy). A combination of whole genome sequencing, phenotypic experiments, and melanin regulation experiments have been performed on these isolates to fully characterize these fungi and help decipher their fundamental niche within the biological soil crust consortium. Our results reveal that E. viscosa is capable of utilizing a wide variety of carbon and nitrogen sources potentially derived from symbiotic microbes, can withstand many forms of abiotic stresses, and excretes melanin which can potentially provide ultraviolet resistance to the biological soil crust community. Besides the identification of a novel species within the genus Exophiala, our study also provides new insight into the regulation of melanin production in polyextremotolerant fungi
Handbook Transdisciplinary Learning
What is transdisciplinarity - and what are its methods? How does a living lab work? What is the purpose of citizen science, student-organized teaching and cooperative education? This handbook unpacks key terms and concepts to describe the range of transdisciplinary learning in the context of academic education. Transdisciplinary learning turns out to be a comprehensive innovation process in response to the major global challenges such as climate change, urbanization or migration. A reference work for students, lecturers, scientists, and anyone wanting to understand the profound changes in higher education
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on hospital care pathways
Care pathways in hospitals around the world reported significant disruption during the recent COVID-19 pandemic but measuring the actual impact is more problematic. Process mining can be useful for hospital management to measure the conformance of real-life care to what might be considered normal operations. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that process mining can be used to investigate process changes associated with complex disruptive events. We studied perturbations to accident and emergency (A &E) and maternity pathways in a UK public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-incidentally the hospital had implemented a Command Centre approach for patient-flow management affording an opportunity to study both the planned improvement and the disruption due to the pandemic. Our study proposes and demonstrates a method for measuring and investigating the impact of such planned and unplanned disruptions affecting hospital care pathways. We found that during the pandemic, both A &E and maternity pathways had measurable reductions in the mean length of stay and a measurable drop in the percentage of pathways conforming to normative models. There were no distinctive patterns of monthly mean values of length of stay nor conformance throughout the phases of the installation of the hospitalβs new Command Centre approach. Due to a deficit in the available A &E data, the findings for A &E pathways could not be interpreted
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