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Dissecting Visual Analytics: Comparing Frameworks for Interpreting and Modelling Observed Visual Analytics Behavior
This paper provides an empirical, comparative exploration of the role of analytic frameworks in interpreting and modelling visual analytics behavior through data gathered in observational studies. The crucial research on understanding the complex and multi-faceted interplay between visual analytics tools and their users is often done through controlled or naturalistic observations of analysts engaging in the visual analytic process, followed by the interpretation of the observation data. The researchers in Human Computer Interaction and Cognitive Sciences have long used structured analytic frameworks for such analyses, where a guiding set of principles and questions direct attention to relevant aspects of the studied behavior, eventually leading to more complete and consistent analyses. Such frameworks are rarely applied in the visualization domain however, and information about how to apply them and their benefits is scarce. With this paper, we contribute a comparative account, grounded in empirical data collected in a user study with 10 participants using Tableau to analyze domain-specific data, of the types of insights we can glean from interpreting observational data using three different frameworks: Joint Action Theory, Distributed Cognition, and Situated Cognition
Evaluation methodology for visual analytics software
O desafio do Visual Analytics (VA) é produzir visualizações que ajudem os utilizadores a
concentrarem-se no aspecto mais relevante ou mais interessante dos dados apresentados. A
sociedade actual enfrenta uma quantidade de dados que aumenta rapidamente. Assim, os
utilizadores de informação em todos os domínios acabam por ter mais informação do que aquela
com que podem lidar. O software VA deve suportar interacções intuitivas para que os analistas
possam concentrar-se na informação que estão a manipular, e não na técnica de manipulação
em si. Os ambientes de VA devem procurar minimizar a carga de trabalho cognitivo global dos
seus utilizadores, porque se tivermos de pensar menos nas interacções em si, teremos mais
tempo para pensar na análise propriamente dita. Tendo em conta os benefícios que as aplicações
VA podem trazer e a confusão que ainda existe ao identificar tais aplicações no mercado,
propomos neste trabalho uma nova metodologia de avaliação baseada em heurísticas. A nossa
metodologia destina-se a avaliar aplicações através de testes de usabilidade considerando as
funcionalidades e características desejáveis em sistemas de VA. No entanto, devido à sua
natureza quatitativa, pode ser naturalmente utilizada para outros fins, tais como comparação
para decisão entre aplicações de VA do mesmo contexto. Além disso, seus critérios poderão
servir como fonte de informação para designers e programadores fazerem escolhas apropriadas
durante a concepção e desenvolvimento de sistemas de VA
Micro-entries: Encouraging Deeper Evaluation of Mental Models Over Time for Interactive Data Systems
Many interactive data systems combine visual representations of data with
embedded algorithmic support for automation and data exploration. To
effectively support transparent and explainable data systems, it is important
for researchers and designers to know how users understand the system. We
discuss the evaluation of users' mental models of system logic. Mental models
are challenging to capture and analyze. While common evaluation methods aim to
approximate the user's final mental model after a period of system usage, user
understanding continuously evolves as users interact with a system over time.
In this paper, we review many common mental model measurement techniques,
discuss tradeoffs, and recommend methods for deeper, more meaningful evaluation
of mental models when using interactive data analysis and visualization
systems. We present guidelines for evaluating mental models over time that
reveal the evolution of specific model updates and how they may map to the
particular use of interface features and data queries. By asking users to
describe what they know and how they know it, researchers can collect
structured, time-ordered insight into a user's conceptualization process while
also helping guide users to their own discoveries.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to BELIV 2020 Worksho
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Department of Computer Science and EngineeringMany visualization systems have provided multiple coordinated views (MCVs) with a belief that
using MCVs brings benefits during visual analysis. However, if a tool requires tedious or repeated
interactions to create one view, users may feel difficulty in utilizing the MCV tools due to perceived
expensive interaction costs. To reduce such interaction costs, a number of visual tools have started
providing a method, called visualization duplication to allow users to copy an existing visualization
with one click. In spite of the importance of such easy view creation method, very little empirical
work exists on measuring impacts of the method. In this work, we aim to investigate the impacts of
visualization duplication on visual analysis strategies, interaction behaviors, and analysis performance.
To achieve the goals, we designed a prototype visual tool, equipped with the easy view creation
method and conducted a human-subjects study. In the experiment, 44 participants completed five
analytic tasks using a visualization system. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we
discovered that visualization duplication is related to the number of views and generated insights and
accuracy of visual analysis. The results also revealed visualization duplication effects on deciding
analytical strategies and interaction patterns.clos
Visual design recommendations for situation awareness in social media
The use of online Social Media is increasingly popular amongst emergency services to support Situational
Awareness (i.e. accurate, complete and real-time information about an event). Whilst many software solutions
have been developed to monitor and analyse Social Media, little attention has been paid on how to visually
design for Situational Awareness for this large-scale data space. We describe an approach where levels of SA
have been matched to corresponding visual design recommendations using participatory design techniques with
Emergency Responders in the UK. We conclude by presenting visualisation prototypes developed to satisfy the
design recommendations, and how they contribute to Emergency Responders’ Situational Awareness in an
example scenario. We end by highlighting research issues that emerged during the initial evaluation
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Designing Progressive and Interactive Analytics Processes for High-Dimensional Data Analysis
In interactive data analysis processes, the dialogue between the human and the computer is the enabling mechanism that can lead to actionable observations about the phenomena being investigated. It is of paramount importance that this dialogue is not interrupted by slow computational mechanisms that do not consider any known temporal human-computer interaction characteristics that prioritize the perceptual and cognitive capabilities of the users. In cases where the analysis involves an integrated computational method, for instance to reduce the dimensionality of the data or to perform clustering, such non-optimal processes are often likely. To remedy this, progressive computations, where results are iteratively improved, are getting increasing interest in visual analytics. In this paper, we present techniques and design considerations to incorporate progressive methods within interactive analysis processes that involve high-dimensional data. We define methodologies to facilitate processes that adhere to the perceptual characteristics of users and describe how online algorithms can be incorporated within these. A set of design recommendations and according methods to support analysts in accomplishing high-dimensional data analysis tasks are then presented. Our arguments and decisions here are informed by observations gathered over a series of analysis sessions with analysts from finance. We document observations and recommendations from this study and present evidence on how our approach contribute to the efficiency and productivity of interactive visual analysis sessions involving high-dimensional data
Analytic Provenance for Software Reverse Engineers
Reverse engineering is a time-consuming process essential to software-security tasks such as malware analysis and vulnerability discovery. During the process, an engineer will follow multiple leads to determine how the software functions. The combination of time and possible explanations makes it difficult for the engineers to maintain a context of their findings within the overall task. Analytic provenance tools have demonstrated value in similarly complex fields that require open-ended exploration and hypothesis vetting. However, they have not been explored in the reverse engineering domain. This dissertation presents SensorRE, the first analytic provenance tool designed to support software reverse engineers. A semi-structured interview with experts led to the design and implementation of the system. We describe the visual interfaces and their integration within an existing software analysis tool. SensorRE automatically captures user\u27s sense making actions and provides a graph and storyboard view to support further analysis. User study results with both experts and graduate students demonstrate that SensorRE is easy to use and that it improved the participants\u27 exploration process
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