Journals, learned societies and money : Philosophical Transactions ca. 1750–1900

This paper investigates the finances of the Royal Society and its Philosophical Transactions, showing that in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries journal publishing was a drain on funds rather than a source of income. Even without any expectation of profit, the costs of producing Transactions nevertheless had to be covered, and the way in which this was done reflected the changing financial situation of the Society. An examination of the Society’s financial accounts and minute books reveals the tensions between the Society’s desire to promote the widespread communication of natural knowledge, and the ever-increasing cost of doing so, particularly by the late nineteenth century.PostprintPeer reviewe

MS 067 Guide to William J. Schull, PhD Papers, 1945-2014

MS 67 the William J. Schull papers contains correspondence, interoffice memorandums, presentations, scientific works, journal reprints, monograph drafts, report drafts, travel diaries, travel receipts and itineraries, travel ephemera, other printed material, news clips, exhlbit material, photographs, 35 mm slides, audios tapes, video tapes, film, maps and realia in eighty-six cubic feet of material documenting his the life and works. Over 60 percent of the collection documents his life and work at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Japan. See more at https://archives.library.tmc.edu/ms-067

Estimating burden of disease due to environmental factors with an emphasis on inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene

Environmental risks, including inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), are major determinants of health and are responsible for much of the world’s disease and deaths. Risk factor-attributable burden of disease assessments are important for prioritizing diseases and risk factors in policies and interventions. Risk factor exposure data and exposure-response information describing the association between the risk factor and the health outcome are used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF). The PAF signifies the proportion of ill health or deaths that could have potentially been prevented by removing the risk factor or by reducing it to an alternative level. It is used to calculate risk factor-attributable disease burden estimates. The research presented and summarized here focuses on disease burden estimation attributable to environmental risk factors, especially to inadequate WASH. It includes research that improved availability of population-level data on relevant exposures, extended previous exposure classifications, generated and updated exposure-response relationships and estimated disease burden attributable to a range of environmental risk factors and for various adverse health outcomes. Research evaluating environmental health interventions as well as research examining factors associated with heterogeneous effectiveness of WASH interventions complements this work. The presented work showed the great importance on health of environmental risk factors, provided important inputs for the monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and alternative methods and estimates to the Global Burden of Disease studies. It further highlighted the need for WASH interventions that lead to more radical WASH transitions, that target and reach whole communities and that consider response bias due to lack of blinding in subjectively assessed health outcomes. It further showed scarce evidence on the impacts on health of many environmental risk factors

Archival Description of Notated Music

A guide to archival description of notated music, co-published by the Music Library Association and Society of American Archivists (SAA). Intended for use in conjunction with SAA’s Describing Archives: A Content Standard. Includes a broad overview of music description in an archival context, an extensive discussion and bibliography of related resources and companion standards, a glossary featuring music and archives terminology, and examples drawn from existing collections and finding aids

On the Prospect of “Daubertizing” Judicial Review of Risk Assessment

Lawyers for companies subject to federal health, safety and environmental regulation hope that stringent substantive judicial review will relieve their clients of the burdens of much regulation without the need for troublesome legislative battles they seem unable to win. McGarity argues that assigning a Daubert-like (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc) gatekeeper role to courts engaged in judicial review of agency risk assessments is a profoundly bad idea

SWINE PRODUCTION NETWORKS IN MINNESOTA: RESOURCES FOR DECISION MAKING

Swine production networks are becoming a significant part of the Minnesota swine industry, with at least 30 production networks in operation as of late 1995. There are probably at least 450 producers involved, representing at least nine percent of the state s sow inventory. Not counted in these numbers are a few other networks involved only in data-sharing or marketing as well as a large number of farmer-to-farmer custom/contract arrangements. We interviewed 20 producers involved in networks. None of the networks we surveyed had been in operation very long, with most in business no more than a year or two. It is too early to predict what their long-term success will be. Most of the respondents seemed pleased with the arrangements so far. An example financial analysis of a 1,400 sow network is presented in the paper. Pig pricing formulas and custom rates are discussed for sharing risks among the farrower, nursery and finisher members of the network. The staff paper is 34 pages plus a 26 page annotated reading list of other publications on networking and segregated early weaning.Livestock Production/Industries,

On the Prospect of “Daubertizing” Judicial Review of Risk Assessment

Lawyers for companies subject to federal health, safety and environmental regulation hope that stringent substantive judicial review will relieve their clients of the burdens of much regulation without the need for troublesome legislative battles they seem unable to win. McGarity argues that assigning a Daubert-like (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc) gatekeeper role to courts engaged in judicial review of agency risk assessments is a profoundly bad idea

Culture après le déluge: heritage ecology after disaster

This PhD dissertation examines the relationships between cultural heritage and the environment, focusing specifically on the devastation and rebuilding of New Orleans, Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Departing from conventional approaches to the natural world (such as documentation- and conservation-based approaches), this thesis adopts a developmental-systems based approach to cultural heritage in order to construct a new way of interpreting it, within the specific context of natural disaster. This new approach, termed ‘heritage ecology’, reinterprets cultural heritage in two ways: first, as a physical assemblage of sites, materials, traditions, beliefs, and practices that are constructed in significant ways by their natural environments; and second, as a metaphorical ecosystem which impacts back on the assessment and construction of that natural environment in turn. In order to construct this approach, the thesis poses three interrelated questions: how is cultural heritage transformed as a result of disaster, how do societies rebuild their heritage after disaster, and how does heritage contribute to the rebuilding process? Examining a rebuilding process in real-time provides a unique window on these processes; events and developments in New Orleans taken from the first four years of recovery (2005-2009) suggest that prior understandings of how societies rebuild themselves after disaster have neglected crucial aspects of cultural heritage that are integral to that process. The examination of data from the case study -- data of diverse forms, such as historiography, the culinary arts, music, the built environment, and memorial sites and landscapes -- reveals the limitations of traditional approaches to heritage and prompts a reassessment of a range of issues central to heritage research, issues such as materiality, authenticity, and commodification. This study moreover incorporates into heritage research concepts previously unconsidered, such as infrastructure and policy. In the coming century of global climate change and increased environmental hazards, this last theme will become increasingly central to heritage policy and research; the dissertation concludes accordingly, with a reflection on contingency and future disaster

"The Market-place is the Louvre of the Common People"—Critical & Commercial ValueSystems in the Early & Late Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson

Presenting a unique revision of the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), this thesis considers Emerson’s practical and theoretical interest in quotation andappropriation relative to his developing position on American political economy and the intellectual outcomes of antebellum economic expansionism. I will reflect on the ways in which recent scholarship has sought to examine the political and economic investments of Emerson’s authorship through his conceptualizations of the act ofreading; and examine Emerson’s relationship with cultural, critical and commercial value systems relative to his historic, political and socioeconomic contexts. Emerson’s analysis of the mechanisms and responsibilities of literary criticism depends upon the coalescence of capitalist and culturalist imperatives. I will investigate the ways in which the intersection of criticism and commerce impacted his use of metaphor, ideas of critical exchange and intellectual proprietorship; and effects his efforts to conceptualize what he called the ‘mechanics of literature.’§ Reading across two major periods of activity—1836 to 1850 and 1860 to 1875—the alliance of Emerson’s early and later works will be foregrounded in order to consider the development and coherency of his thinking. His cumulative efforts to explore the cultural, political and practical effectivity of literary criticism will be read as an indicator of the value Emerson placed on market-based economics and as foundation for an examination of his ideas of cultural progress and critical practice more widely. Through the act of quotation and appropriation, in particular, the political implications of Emerson’s thinking are underscored by an identification of the importance of context and proprietorship as determiners of cultural and critical value. I will argue that this position is informed by Emerson’s receptivity to the ascendance of market ideologies in the nineteenth century, and both underpins Emerson’s conceptualization of the act of reading and effects the ways in which Emerson has subsequently been read in twentieth and twenty-first century American Studies