Greediness control algorithm for multimedia streaming in wireless local area networks

This work investigates the interaction between the application and transport layers while streaming multimedia in a residential Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Inconsistencies have been identified that can have a severe impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) experienced by end users. This problem arises as a result of the streaming processes reliance on rate adaptation engines based on congestion avoidance mechanisms, that try to obtain as much bandwidth as possible from the limited network resources. These upper transport layer mechanisms have no knowledge of the media which they are carrying and as a result treat all traffic equally. This lack of knowledge of the media carried and the characteristics of the target devices results in fair bandwidth distribution at the transport layer but creates unfairness at the application layer. This unfairness mostly affects user perceived quality when streaming high quality multimedia. Essentially, bandwidth that is distributed fairly between competing video streams at the transport layer results in unfair application layer video quality distribution. Therefore, there is a need to allow application layer streaming solutions, tune the aggressiveness of transport layer congestion control mechanisms, in order to create application layer QoE fairness between competing media streams, by taking their device characteristics into account. This thesis proposes the Greediness Control Algorithm (GCA), an upper transport layer mechanism that eliminates quality inconsistencies caused by rate / congestion control mechanisms while streaming multimedia in wireless networks. GCA extends an existing solution (i.e. TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC)) by introducing two parameters that allow the streaming application to tune the aggressiveness of the rate estimation and as a result, introduce fair distribution of quality at the application layer. The thesis shows that this rate adaptation technique, combined with a scalable video format allows increased overall system QoE. Extensive simulation analysis demonstrate that this form of rate adaptation increases the overall user QoE achieved via a number of devices operating within the same home WLAN

GTFRC, a TCP friendly QoS-aware rate control for diffserv assured service

This study addresses the end-to-end congestion control support over the DiffServ Assured Forwarding (AF) class. The resulting Assured Service (AS) provides a minimum level of throughput guarantee. In this context, this article describes a new end-to-end mechanism for continuous transfer based on TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC). The proposed approach modifies TFRC to take into account the QoS negotiated. This mechanism, named gTFRC, is able to reach the minimum throughput guarantee whatever the flow’s RTT and target rate. Simulation measurements and implementation over a real QoS testbed demonstrate the efficiency of this mechanism either in over-provisioned or exactly-provisioned network. In addition, we show that the gTFRC mechanism can be used in the same DiffServ/AF class with TCP or TFRC flows

An Enhanced Queue Management Scheme for Eradicating Congestion of TFRC over Wired Environment

To accomplish increasing real time requirements, user applications have to send different kinds of data with different speeds over the internet.  To effectuate the aims of the computer networks, several protocols have been added to TCP/IP protocol suite.  Transport layer has to implement emerging techniques to transfer huge amount of data like multimedia streaming. To transmit multimedia applications, one of the suitable congestion control mechanisms in transport layer is TCP Friendly Rate Control Protocol (TFRC).  It controls congestion based on its equation. To get more smoothed throughput, intermediate nodes (like Routers. etc.) have to use suitable procedures in all real time situations. To eradicate the level of congestion in the network, we introduce enhanced Holt-Winters equations to RED queue management algorithm and applied to TFRC. The simulation results have shown that this strategy reduces packet loss and increases throughput

gTFRC: a QoS-aware congestion control algorithm

This study addresses the end-to-end congestion control support over the DiffServ Assured Forwarding (AF) class. The resulting Assured Service (AS) provides a minimum level of throughput guarantee. In this context, this paper describes a new end-to-end mechanism for continuous transfer based on TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) originally proposed in [11]. The proposed approach modifies TFRC to take into account the QoS negotiated. This mechanism, named gTFRC, is able to reach the minimum throughput guarantee whatever the flow's RTT and target rate. Simulation measurements show the efficiency of this mechanism either in over-provisioned or exactly-provisioned network. In addition, we show that the gTFRC mechanism can be used in the same DiffServ/AF class with TCP or TFRC flows

Performance of an adaptive multimedia mechanism in a wireless multi-user environment

With the increasing popularity of accessing multimedia services over different wireless networks, researchers have been trying to develop different adaptive multimedia mechanisms in order to mitigate the impact of fluctuating radio resources. This paper considers the case when multiple users stream video over the same IEEE 802.11b WLAN using a newly proposed Signal Strength-based Adaptive Multimedia Delivery Mechanism (SAMMy). SAMMy makes use of the IEEE 802.11k standard and uses estimated signal strength, location, and packet loss as part of its adaptive mechanism in order to increase user perceived quality for multimedia streaming applications in wireless networks. SAMMy is evaluated by modeling and simulations and compared with another adaptive multimedia delivery mechanism TFRC, in terms of aggregate throughput and fairness. The results show that the proposed signal strengthbased adaptive multimedia delivery scheme outperforms the other scheme in terms of both throughput and fairness when performing video streaming in WLAN

Seamless multimedia delivery within a heterogeneous wireless networks environment: are we there yet?

The increasing popularity of live video streaming from mobile devices such as Facebook Live, Instagram Stories, Snapchat, etc. pressurises the network operators to increase the capacity of their networks. However, a simple increase in system capacity will not be enough without considering the provisioning of Quality of Experience (QoE) as the basis for network control, customer loyalty and retention rate and thus increase in network operators revenue. As QoE is gaining strong momentum especially with increasing users’ quality expectations, the focus is now on proposing innovative solutions to enable QoE when delivering video content over heterogeneous wireless networks. In this context, this paper presents an overview of multimedia delivery solutions, identifies the problems and provides a comprehensive classification of related state-of-the-art approaches following three key directions: adaptation, energy efficiency and multipath content delivery. Discussions, challenges and open issues on the seamless multimedia provisioning faced by the current and next generation of wireless networks are also provided

Seamless Multimedia Delivery Within a Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Environment: Are We There Yet?

The increasing popularity of live video streaming from mobile devices, such as Facebook Live, Instagram Stories, Snapchat, etc. pressurizes the network operators to increase the capacity of their networks. However, a simple increase in system capacity will not be enough without considering the provisioning of quality of experience (QoE) as the basis for network control, customer loyalty, and retention rate and thus increase in network operators revenue. As QoE is gaining strong momentum especially with increasing users' quality expectations, the focus is now on proposing innovative solutions to enable QoE when delivering video content over heterogeneous wireless networks. In this context, this paper presents an overview of multimedia delivery solutions, identifies the problems and provides a comprehensive classification of related state-of-the-art approaches following three key directions: 1) adaptation; 2) energy efficiency; and 3) multipath content delivery. Discussions, challenges, and open issues on the seamless multimedia provisioning faced by the current and next generation of wireless networks are also provided

Congestion-Aware Scalable Video Streaming

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