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U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Security
[Excerpt] This report describes and analyzes import policy and CBP’s role in the U.S. import process. (The report does not cover CBP’s role in the U.S. export control system.) The first section of the report describes the three overarching goals of U.S. import policy and the tension among them. Second, the report provides a legislative history of customs laws, followed by an overview of the U.S. import process as it operates today. Third, the import process and CBP’s role in it are discussed. The final section highlights several policy issues that Congress may consider in its oversight role or as part of customs or trade legislation, including measures seeking to provide additional trade facilitation benefits to importers and others enrolled in “trusted trader” programs, to improve enforcement of intellectual property and trade remedy laws, to strengthen cargo scanning practices, and/or to promote modernization of customs data systems, among other issues. A list of trade-related acronyms used in the report is provided in Appendix A
CamFlow: Managed Data-sharing for Cloud Services
A model of cloud services is emerging whereby a few trusted providers manage
the underlying hardware and communications whereas many companies build on this
infrastructure to offer higher level, cloud-hosted PaaS services and/or SaaS
applications. From the start, strong isolation between cloud tenants was seen
to be of paramount importance, provided first by virtual machines (VM) and
later by containers, which share the operating system (OS) kernel. Increasingly
it is the case that applications also require facilities to effect isolation
and protection of data managed by those applications. They also require
flexible data sharing with other applications, often across the traditional
cloud-isolation boundaries; for example, when government provides many related
services for its citizens on a common platform. Similar considerations apply to
the end-users of applications. But in particular, the incorporation of cloud
services within `Internet of Things' architectures is driving the requirements
for both protection and cross-application data sharing.
These concerns relate to the management of data. Traditional access control
is application and principal/role specific, applied at policy enforcement
points, after which there is no subsequent control over where data flows; a
crucial issue once data has left its owner's control by cloud-hosted
applications and within cloud-services. Information Flow Control (IFC), in
addition, offers system-wide, end-to-end, flow control based on the properties
of the data. We discuss the potential of cloud-deployed IFC for enforcing
owners' dataflow policy with regard to protection and sharing, as well as
safeguarding against malicious or buggy software. In addition, the audit log
associated with IFC provides transparency, giving configurable system-wide
visibility over data flows. [...]Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
CyberGuarder: a virtualization security assurance architecture for green cloud computing
Cloud Computing, Green Computing, Virtualization, Virtual Security Appliance, Security Isolation
Identifying Native Applications with High Assurance
The work described in this paper investigates the problem
of identifying and deterring stealthy malicious processes on
a host. We point out the lack of strong application iden-
tication in main stream operating systems. We solve the
application identication problem by proposing a novel iden-
tication model in which user-level applications are required
to present identication proofs at run time to be authenti-
cated by the kernel using an embedded secret key. The se-
cret key of an application is registered with a trusted kernel
using a key registrar and is used to uniquely authenticate
and authorize the application. We present a protocol for
secure authentication of applications. Additionally, we de-
velop a system call monitoring architecture that uses our
model to verify the identity of applications when making
critical system calls. Our system call monitoring can be
integrated with existing policy specication frameworks to
enforce application-level access rights. We implement and
evaluate a prototype of our monitoring architecture in Linux
as device drivers with nearly no modication of the ker-
nel. The results from our extensive performance evaluation
shows that our prototype incurs low overhead, indicating the
feasibility of our model
Authentication and authorisation in entrusted unions
This paper reports on the status of a project whose aim is to implement and demonstrate in a real-life environment an integrated eAuthentication and eAuthorisation framework to enable trusted collaborations and delivery of services across different organisational/governmental jurisdictions. This aim will be achieved by designing a framework with assurance of claims, trust indicators, policy enforcement mechanisms and processing under encryption to address the security and confidentiality requirements of large distributed infrastructures. The framework supports collaborative secure distributed storage, secure data processing and management in both the cloud and offline scenarios and is intended to be deployed and tested in two pilot studies in two different domains, viz, Bio-security incident management and Ambient Assisted Living (eHealth). Interim results in terms of security requirements, privacy preserving authentication, and authorisation are reported
Secure data sharing and processing in heterogeneous clouds
The extensive cloud adoption among the European Public Sector Players empowered them to own and operate a range of cloud infrastructures. These deployments vary both in the size and capabilities, as well as in the range of employed technologies and processes. The public sector, however, lacks the necessary technology to enable effective, interoperable and secure integration of a multitude of its computing clouds and services. In this work we focus on the federation of private clouds and the approaches that enable secure data sharing and processing among the collaborating infrastructures and services of public entities. We investigate the aspects of access control, data and security policy languages, as well as cryptographic approaches that enable fine-grained security and data processing in semi-trusted environments. We identify the main challenges and frame the future work that serve as an enabler of interoperability among heterogeneous infrastructures and services. Our goal is to enable both security and legal conformance as well as to facilitate transparency, privacy and effectivity of private cloud federations for the public sector needs. © 2015 The Authors
ConXsense - Automated Context Classification for Context-Aware Access Control
We present ConXsense, the first framework for context-aware access control on
mobile devices based on context classification. Previous context-aware access
control systems often require users to laboriously specify detailed policies or
they rely on pre-defined policies not adequately reflecting the true
preferences of users. We present the design and implementation of a
context-aware framework that uses a probabilistic approach to overcome these
deficiencies. The framework utilizes context sensing and machine learning to
automatically classify contexts according to their security and privacy-related
properties. We apply the framework to two important smartphone-related use
cases: protection against device misuse using a dynamic device lock and
protection against sensory malware. We ground our analysis on a sociological
survey examining the perceptions and concerns of users related to contextual
smartphone security and analyze the effectiveness of our approach with
real-world context data. We also demonstrate the integration of our framework
with the FlaskDroid architecture for fine-grained access control enforcement on
the Android platform.Comment: Recipient of the Best Paper Awar
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